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Chaurasia RK, Shirsath KB, Desai UN, Bhat NN, Sapra BK. Establishment of in vitro Calibration Curve for 60Co-γ-rays Induced Phospho-53BP1 Foci, Rapid Biodosimetry and Initial Triage, and Comparative Evaluations With γH2AX and Cytogenetic Assays. Front Public Health 2022; 10:845200. [PMID: 36003625 PMCID: PMC9393360 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and reliable method for biodosimetry of populations exposed to ionizing radiation in the event of an incident or accident is crucial for initial triage and medical attention. DNA-double strand breaks (DSBs) are indicative of radiation exposure, and DSB-repair proteins (53BP1, γH2AX, ATM, etc.) are considered sensitive markers of DSB quantification. Phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX immunofluorescence technique serves as a sensitive, reliable, and reproducible tool for the detection and quantification of DSB-repair proteins, which can be used for biological dose estimations. In this study, dose-response curves were generated for 60Co-γ-rays induced phospho-53 Binding Protein 1 (phospho-53BP1) foci at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h, post-irradiation for a dose range of 0.05–4 Gy using fluorescence microscopy. Following ISO recommendations, minimum detection limits (MDLs) were estimated to be 16, 18, 25, 40, 50, and 75 mGy for dose-response curves generated at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h post-irradiation. Colocalization and correlation of phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX were also measured in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to gain dual confirmation. Comparative evaluation of the established curve was made by γH2AX-immunofluorescence, dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), and reciprocal translocation (RT) assays by reconstructing the dose of 6 dose-blinded samples. Coefficients of respective in-house established dose-response curves were employed to reconstruct the blind doses. Estimated doses were within the variation of 4.124%. For lower doses (0.052 Gy), phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX assays gave closer estimates with the variation of −4.1 to + 9% in comparison to cytogenetic assays, where variations were −8.5 to 24%. For higher doses (3 and 4 Gy), both the cytogenetic and immunofluorescence (phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX), assays gave comparable close estimates, with −11.3 to + 14.3% and −10.3 to −13.7%, variations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
| | - Kapil B. Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Utkarsha N. Desai
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Nagesh N. Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Nagesh N. Bhat
| | - B. K. Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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Classifier Spot Count Optimization of Automated Fluorescent Slide Scanning System. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acm-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent the most sensitive endpoint for assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to γH2AX and 53BP1. Although several approaches and software packages were developed for the quantification of IRIF, not one of them was commonly accepted and inter-laboratory variability in the outputs was reported. In this study, the sensitization of Metafer software to counting also small appearing IRIF was validated.
Materials and Methods: Human lymphocytes were γ-irradiated at a dose of 2 Gy. The cells were fixed at 0.5, 1, 2, and 18 hours post-irradiation, permeabilized and IRIF were immunostained using appropriate antibodies. Cell images were acquired with the automatic Metafer system. Radiation-induced γH2AX and 53BP1 foci were enumerated using either manual counting (JCountPro program) or the Metafer software (after its classifier optimization has been done) and compared. The statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA.
Results: The enumeration of 53BP1, γH2AX foci manually by JCountPro did not statistically significantly differ from the automatic one performed with the optimized Metafer classifier. A detailed step-by-step protocol of this successful optimization is described in this study.
Conclusions: We concluded that the Metafer software after the optimization was efficient in objectively enumerating IRIF, having a potential for usage in clinics and molecular epidemiology.
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Zhou Z, Yin H, Suye S, Zhu F, Cai H, Fu C. The changes of DNA double-strand breaks and DNA repair during ovarian reserve formation in mice. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100603. [PMID: 35026551 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is crucial to maintain genomic stability for sufficient ovarian reserve. It remains unknown the changes of DSBs formation and DNA repair in germ cells during ovarian reserve formation in FVB/N mice. We demonstrated germ cell numbers increased significantly (all P < 0.05) from E11.5 to E13.5 and decreased significantly (all P> 0.05) until P2. OCT4 and SOX2 analyses indicated pluripotency peaks at E13.5 then decreases significantly (all P 0.05) until P2. γH2AX analyses revealed DSB formation significantly (P < 0.05) increased from E13.5 until P2. RAD51 and DMC1 data revealed homologous recombination (HR) pathway repair of DSBs is persistent active during meiosis (E13.5- P2) (all P> 0.05). 53BP1 and KU70 data indicate the non-homologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ) remains active during meiosis. 53BP1 expression was highest at E13.5 (P < 0.05). KU70 expression was higher in germ cells from E15.5 to P2 (all < P 0.05). PH3 and KI67 analyses revealed germ cell proliferation was not significantly different (all P> 0.05) from E13.5 to P2. Caspase-3 and TUNEL analyses showed germ cells apoptosis was not significantly different (all P > 0.05) from E13.5 to P2. In conclusion, we found both germ cell number and pluripotency peak at E13.5 and decline during meiosis. We demonstrated HR and NHEJ continually repair DSBs during meiosis. RAD51 and DMC1 are continuously expressed during meiosis. 53BP1 is mainly expressed at E13.5. KU70 continually functions from E15.5 to P2. Proliferating and apoptotic cells were rarely detected during meiosis. Results provide a basis for further study of how DSBs and DNA repair affect germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Huan Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Suye Suye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Haiyi Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chun Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Durdik M, Kosik P, Jakl L, Kozackova M, Markova E, Vigasova K, Beresova K, Jakubikova J, Horvathova E, Zastko L, Fekete M, Zavacka I, Pobijakova M, Belyaev I. Imaging flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy in assessing radiation response in lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood and cancer patients. Cytometry A 2021; 99:1198-1208. [PMID: 34089242 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSB) induced by ionizing radiation (IR) are usually measured using γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci, that is considered to be the most sensitive assay for DSB analysis. While fluorescence microscopy (FM) is the gold standard for this analysis, imaging flow cytometry (IFC) may offer number of advantages such as lack of the fluorescence background, higher number of cells analyzed, and higher sensitivity in detection of DNA damage induced by IR at low doses. Along with appearance of γH2AX foci, the variable fraction of the cells exhibits homogeneously stained γH2AX signal resulting in so-called γH2AX pan-staining, which is believed to appear at early stages of apoptosis. Here, we investigated incidence of γH2AX pan-staining at different time points after irradiation with γ-rays using IFC and compared the obtained data with the data from FM. Appearance of γH2AX pan-staining during the apoptotic process was further analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of cells at different stages of apoptosis and subsequent immunofluorescence analysis. Our results show that IFC was able to reveal dose dependence of pan-staining, while FM failed to detect all pan-staining cells. Moreover, we found that γH2AX pan-staining could be induced by therapeutic, but not low doses of γ-rays and correlate well with percentage of apoptotic cells was analyzed using flow cytometric Annexin-V/7-AAD assay. Further investigations showed that γH2AX pan-staining is formed in the early phases of apoptosis and remains until later stages of apoptotic process. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation as detected with comet assay using FM correlated with the percentage of live and late apoptotic/necrotic cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. Lastly, we successfully tested IFC for detection of γH2AX pan-staining and γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci in lymphocyte of breast cancer patients after radiotherapy, which may be useful for assessing individual radiosensitivity in a clinically relevant cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Kozackova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Markova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Vigasova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Beresova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubikova
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Horvathova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucian Zastko
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Fekete
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Zavacka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Margita Pobijakova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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