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La Corte C, Dara M, Bertini F, Bisanti L, Cammarata M, Parisi MG. Sea anemones, methylmercury, and bacterial infection: A closer look at multiple stressors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116287. [PMID: 38547612 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Specimens of the Mediterranean sea anemone Anemonia viridis were exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) and bacterial infection to study their immune responses to a well-known toxic pollutant. Anemones were housed in laboratory conditions and divided into five experimental groups: 1. control (no microinjection); 2. filtered seawater + buffer injection; 3. filtered seawater + Escherichia coli injection; 4. MeHg + buffer injection; 5. MeHg + E. coli injection. Data showed an increase in antioxidant enzyme production compared to the constitutive condition, while methylmercury inhibited lysozyme production. The buffer inoculation had no statistically significant effects on the animals. In addition, electrophoretic and protease analyses revealed differences in the type of proteins produced, as well as a modulation of proteases depending on the treatment. The study demonstrated the immunomodulatory effect of the organic pollutant on A. viridis, validating its use as a model organism for marine coastal biomonitoring programmes and multiple stress studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C La Corte
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - M Dara
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - F Bertini
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - L Bisanti
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - M Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - M G Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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La Corte C, Baranzini N, Dara M, Bon C, Grimaldi A, Parisi MG, Zizzo MG, Cammarata M. Step-by-Step Regeneration of Tentacles after Injury in Anemonia viridis-Morphological and Structural Cell Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108860. [PMID: 37240205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Benthic marine invertebrates, such as corals, are often subjected to injury caused by several sources. Here, the differences and characteristics in injured and health tissues in terms of cellular components are shown through a histological investigation of the soft coral Anemonia viridis at 0 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days after injury caused by tentacle amputation. In addition, a new tool was used for the first time in invertebrates, positron emission tomography, in order to investigate the events that occur during regeneration within a longer time period (0 h, 24 h, and 14 days after the tentacles were cut). Higher integrated density values were measured through a densitometric analysis in sections stained with Fontana-Masson at 24 h after the tentacles were cut. This suggests an increase in melanin-like containing cells and a subsequent increase in fibroblast-like cells differentiated by amoebocytes that converge to the lesion site in the early stages of inflammation and regeneration. This work provides, for the first time, an elucidation of the events that occur during wound-healing and regeneration in basal metazoan, focusing on the characterisation of immune cells and their role. Our results indicate that Mediterranean anthozoan proves to be a valuable model for studying regeneration. Many events highlighted in this research occur in different phyla, suggesting that they are highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia La Corte
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicolò Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Mariano Dara
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Bon
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biological Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Alaminos M, Campos A. The origin of human epithelial tissue. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:127-138. [PMID: 35762521 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The histological structure of human epithelial tissue is complex, but all epithelia share three major features: cohesion, polarity and attachment. These functions are mainly achieved by the presence of specialized structures such as intercellular junctions, polarity protein complexes and basement membranes. In the present review, we have analyzed the presence of each of these structures in several groups of animals that are considered to be at the base of the animal evolution tree. Interestingly, these characters seem to have evolved independently, and a careful histological and structural analysis of the phylogenetic tree shows different groups of animals in which epithelia are absent and groups in which cells show only some of the specialized structures found in differentiated epithelia. These findings could contribute to understand how epithelial tissues evolved and determine their current protective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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La Corte C, Baranzini N, Grimaldi A, Parisi MG. Invertebrate Models in Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126843. [PMID: 35743284 PMCID: PMC9223868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia La Corte
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Nicolò Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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