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Xu Q, Ye M, Su Y, Feng L, Zhou L, Xu J, Wang D. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in male tilapia lacking a functional rln3b gene. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132165. [PMID: 38729472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Relaxin 3 is a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in reproductive functions of mammals. Previous studies have confirmed that rln3a plays an important role in the male reproduction of tilapia. To further understand the significance of its paralogous gene rln3b in male fertility, we generated a homozygous mutant line of rln3b in Nile tilapia. Our findings indicated that rln3b mutation delayed spermatogenesis and led to abnormal testes structure. Knocking out rln3b gene resulted in a decrease in sperm count, sperm motility and male fish fertility. TUNEL detection revealed a small amount of apoptosis in the testes of rln3b-/- male fish at 390 days after hatching (dah). RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that mutation of rln3b gene caused a significant downregulation of steroid synthesis-related genes such as cyp17a1, cyp11b2, germ cell marker gene, Vasa, and gonadal somatic cell marker genes of amh and amhr2. Furthermore, we found a significant down-regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes, while a significantly up-regulation of the dopamine synthetase gene in the rln3b-/- male fish. Taken together, our data strongly suggested that Rln3b played a crucial role in the fertility of XY tilapia by regulating HPG axis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Xu
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Maolin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yun Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China.
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Li M, Sun L, Zhou L, Wang D. Tilapia, a good model for studying reproductive endocrinology. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 345:114395. [PMID: 37879418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with a system of XX/XY sex determination, is a worldwide farmed fish with a shorter sexual maturation time than that of most cultured fish. Tilapia show a spawning cycle of approximately 14 days and can be artificially propagated in the laboratory all year round to obtain genetically all female (XX) and all male (XY) fry. Its genome sequence has been opened, and a perfect gene editing platform has been established. With a moderate body size, it is convenient for taking enough blood to measure hormone level. In recent years, using tilapia as animal model, we have confirmed that estrogen is crucial for female development because 1) mutation of star2, cyp17a1 or cyp19a1a (encoding aromatase, the key enzyme for estrogen synthesis) results in sex reversal (SR) due to estrogen deficiency in XX tilapia, while mutation of star1, cyp11a1, cyp17a2, cyp19a1b or cyp11c1 affects fertility due to abnormal androgen, cortisol and DHP levels in XY tilapia; 2) when the estrogen receptors (esr2a/esr2b) are mutated, the sex is reversed from female to male, while when the androgen receptors are mutated, the sex cannot be reversed; 3) the differentiated ovary can be transdifferentiated into functional testis by inhibition of estrogen synthesis, and the differentiated testis can be transdifferentiated into ovary by simultaneous addition of exogenous estrogen and androgen synthase inhibitor; 4) loss of male pathway genes amhy, dmrt1, gsdf causes SR with upregulation of cyp19a1a in XY tilapia. Disruption of estrogen synthesis rescues the male to female SR of amhy and gsdf but not dmrt1 mutants; 5) mutation of female pathway genes foxl2 and sf-1 causes SR with downregulation of cyp19a1a in XX tilapia; 6) the germ cell SR of foxl3 mutants fails to be rescued by estrogen treatment, indicating that estrogen determines female germ cell fate through foxl3. This review also summarized the effects of deficiency of other steroid hormones, such as androgen, DHP and cortisol, on fish reproduction. Overall, these studies demonstrate that tilapia is an excellent animal model for studying reproductive endocrinology of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Huo A, Xiong X. PAICS as a potential target for cancer therapy linking purine biosynthesis to cancer progression. Life Sci 2023; 331:122070. [PMID: 37673296 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells are required to undergo metabolic reprogramming for rapid development and progression, and one of the metabolic characteristics of cancer cells is the excessive synthesis and utilization of nucleotides. Abnormally increased nucleotides and their metabolites not only directly accelerate tumor cell progression but also indirectly act on stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) via a paracrine manner to regulate tumor progression. Purine nucleotides are mainly produced via de novo nucleotide synthesis in tumor cells; therefore, intervening in their synthesis has emerged as a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. De novo purine synthesis is a 10-step reaction catalyzed by six enzymes to synthesize inosine 5-monophosphate (IMP) and subsequently synthesize AMP and GMP. Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphori-bosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes de novo purine synthesis. Aberrantly elevated PAICS expression in various tumors is associated with poor prognosis. Evidence suggests that PAICS and its catalytic product, N-succinylcarboxamide-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (SAICAR), could inhibit tumor cell apoptosis and promote the growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis by regulating signaling pathways such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and so on. This review summarizes the structure, biological functions and the molecular mechanisms of PAICS in cancer development and discusses its potential to be a target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Huo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Master-Key Regulators of Sex Determination in Fish and Other Vertebrates-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032468. [PMID: 36768795 PMCID: PMC9917144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, mainly single genes with an allele ratio of 1:1 trigger sex-determination (SD), leading to initial equal sex-ratios. Such genes are designated master-key regulators (MKRs) and are frequently associated with DNA structural variations, such as copy-number variation and null-alleles. Most MKR knowledge comes from fish, especially cichlids, which serve as a genetic model for SD. We list 14 MKRs, of which dmrt1 has been identified in taxonomically distant species such as birds and fish. The identification of MKRs with known involvement in SD, such as amh and fshr, indicates that a common network drives SD. We illustrate a network that affects estrogen/androgen equilibrium, suggesting that structural variation may exert over-expression of the gene and thus form an MKR. However, the reason why certain factors constitute MKRs, whereas others do not is unclear. The limited number of conserved MKRs suggests that their heterologous sequences could be used as targets in future searches for MKRs of additional species. Sex-specific mortality, sex reversal, the role of temperature in SD, and multigenic SD are examined, claiming that these phenomena are often consequences of artificial hybridization. We discuss the essentiality of taxonomic authentication of species to validate purebred origin before MKR searches.
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Curzon AY, Shirak A, Benet-Perlberg A, Naor A, Low-Tanne SI, Sharkawi H, Ron M, Seroussi E. Absence of Figla-like Gene Is Concordant with Femaleness in Cichlids Harboring the LG1 Sex-Determination System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147636. [PMID: 35886982 PMCID: PMC9316214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus has been used as a reference genome for studies of tilapia sex determination (SD) revealing segregating genetic loci on linkage groups (LGs) 1, 3, and 23. The master key regulator genes (MKR) underlying the SD regions on LGs 3 and 23 have been already found. To identify the MKR in fish that segregate for the LG1 XX/XY SD-system, we applied short variant discovery within the sequence reads of the genomic libraries of the Amherst hybrid stock, Coptodon zillii and Sarotherodon galilaeus, which were aligned to a 3-Mbp-region of the O. aureus genome. We obtained 66,372 variants of which six were concordant with the XX/XY model of SD and were conserved across these species, disclosing the male specific figla-like gene. We further validated this observation in O. mossambicus and in the Chitralada hybrid stock. Genome alignment of the 1252-bp transcript showed that the figla-like gene’s size was 2664 bp, and that its three exons were capable of encoding 99 amino acids including a 45-amino-acid basic helix–loop–helix domain that is typical of the ovary development regulator—factor-in-the-germline-alpha (FIGLA). In Amherst gonads, the figla-like gene was exclusively expressed in testes. Thus, the figla-like genomic presence determines male fate by interrupting the female developmental program. This indicates that the figla-like gene is the long-sought SD MKR on LG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Yehuda Curzon
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTsiyon 75288, Israel; (A.Y.C.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrey Shirak
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTsiyon 75288, Israel; (A.Y.C.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Ayana Benet-Perlberg
- Dor Research Station, Division of Fishery and Aquaculture, Hof HaCarmel 30820, Israel; (A.B.-P.); (A.N.); (S.I.L.-T.); (H.S.)
| | - Alon Naor
- Dor Research Station, Division of Fishery and Aquaculture, Hof HaCarmel 30820, Israel; (A.B.-P.); (A.N.); (S.I.L.-T.); (H.S.)
| | - Shay Israel Low-Tanne
- Dor Research Station, Division of Fishery and Aquaculture, Hof HaCarmel 30820, Israel; (A.B.-P.); (A.N.); (S.I.L.-T.); (H.S.)
| | - Haled Sharkawi
- Dor Research Station, Division of Fishery and Aquaculture, Hof HaCarmel 30820, Israel; (A.B.-P.); (A.N.); (S.I.L.-T.); (H.S.)
| | - Micha Ron
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTsiyon 75288, Israel; (A.Y.C.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Eyal Seroussi
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTsiyon 75288, Israel; (A.Y.C.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Tao W, Cao J, Xiao H, Zhu X, Dong J, Kocher TD, Lu M, Wang D. A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Mozambique Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) Reveals the Structure of Sex Determining Regions. Front Genet 2021; 12:796211. [PMID: 34956335 PMCID: PMC8692795 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.796211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is a fascinating taxon for evolutionary and ecological research. It is an important food fish and one of the most widely distributed tilapias. Because males grow faster than females, genetically male tilapia are preferred in aquaculture. However, studies of sex determination and sex control in O. mossambicus have been hindered by the limited characterization of the genome. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of O. mossambicus, using a combination of high coverage of Illumina and Nanopore reads, coupled with Hi-C and RNA-Seq data. Our genome assembly spans 1,007 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 11.38 Mb. We successfully anchored and oriented 98.6% of the genome on 22 linkage groups (LGs). Based on re-sequencing data for male and female fishes from three families, O. mossambicus segregates both an XY system on LG14 and a ZW system on LG3. The sex-patterned SNPs shared by two XY families narrowed the sex determining regions to ∼3 Mb on LG14. The shared sex-patterned SNPs included two deleterious missense mutations in ahnak and rhbdd1, indicating the possible roles of these two genes in sex determination. This annotated chromosome-level genome assembly and identification of sex determining regions represents a valuable resource to help understand the evolution of genetic sex determination in tilapias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmeng Cao
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hesheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjian Dong
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas D. Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Maixin Lu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Fan B, Xie D, Li Y, Wang X, Qi X, Li S, Meng Z, Chen X, Peng J, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang L. A single intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in splicing site of steroidogenic enzyme hsd17b1 is associated with phenotypic sex in oyster pompano, Trachinotus anak. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212245. [PMID: 34784765 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleosts show varied master sex determining (MSD) genes and sex determination (SD) mechanisms, with frequent turnovers of sex chromosomes. Tracing the origins of MSD genes and turnovers of sex chromosomes in a taxonomic group is of particular interest in evolutionary biology. Oyster pompano (Trachinotus anak), a marine fish, belongs to the family Carangidae, in which 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (hsd17b1) has repeatedly evolved to an MSD gene. Whole-genome resequencing identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at chromosome 24 to be strictly associated with phenotypic sex, with females being the heterozygous sex. This SNP is located in a splicing site at the first exon/intron boundary of hsd17b1. The Z-linked SNP results in malfunction of all spliced isoforms, whereas the W-linked isoforms were predicted to have open reading frames that are conserved among vertebrates, suggesting that hsd17b1 is a female-determining gene. The differential alternative splicing patterns of ZZ and ZW genotypes were consistently observed both in undifferentiated stages and differentiated gonads. We observed elevated recombination around the SD locus and no differentiation between Z and W chromosomes. The extreme diversity of mutational mechanisms that hsd17b1 evolves to an MSD gene highlights frequent in situ turnovers between sex chromosomes in the Carangidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Yangjiang Haina Fisheries Co., Ltd., Yangjiang 529500, People's Republic of China.,Yangjiang Polytechnic, Yangjiang 529500, People's Republic of China
| | - Dizhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zining Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghan Chen
- Yangjiang Polytechnic, Yangjiang 529500, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyao Peng
- Yangjiang Hongyun Marine Fish Seed Breeding Co., Ltd., Yangjiang 529500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Yangjiang Haina Fisheries Co., Ltd., Yangjiang 529500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Wang
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore
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