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Kumar P, Goettemoeller AM, Espinosa-Garcia C, Tobin BR, Tfaily A, Nelson RS, Natu A, Dammer EB, Santiago JV, Malepati S, Cheng L, Xiao H, Duong DD, Seyfried NT, Wood LB, Rowan MJM, Rangaraju S. Native-state proteomics of Parvalbumin interneurons identifies unique molecular signatures and vulnerabilities to early Alzheimer's pathology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2823. [PMID: 38561349 PMCID: PMC10985119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs) may represent an early pathophysiological perturbation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Defining early proteomic alterations in PV-INs can provide key biological and translationally-relevant insights. We used cell-type-specific in-vivo biotinylation of proteins (CIBOP) coupled with mass spectrometry to obtain native-state PV-IN proteomes. PV-IN proteomic signatures include high metabolic and translational activity, with over-representation of AD-risk and cognitive resilience-related proteins. In bulk proteomes, PV-IN proteins were associated with cognitive decline in humans, and with progressive neuropathology in humans and the 5xFAD mouse model of Aβ pathology. PV-IN CIBOP in early stages of Aβ pathology revealed signatures of increased mitochondria and metabolism, synaptic and cytoskeletal disruption and decreased mTOR signaling, not apparent in whole-brain proteomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated pre-synaptic defects in PV-to-excitatory neurotransmission, validating our proteomic findings. Overall, in this study we present native-state proteomes of PV-INs, revealing molecular insights into their unique roles in cognitive resiliency and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Annie M Goettemoeller
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Brendan R Tobin
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ali Tfaily
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ruth S Nelson
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Aditya Natu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Juliet V Santiago
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sneha Malepati
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hailian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Duc D Duong
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, and Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, GeoInsrgia titute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthew J M Rowan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
- 3 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Brigo F, Lattanzi S. Diagnosing epileptic seizures in patients with Alzheimer's disease and deciding on the appropriate treatment plan. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:361-370. [PMID: 38426448 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2325038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant cause of dementia and a significant contributor to morbidity among the elderly. Patients diagnosed with AD face an increased risk of epileptic seizures. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the challenges in the diagnosis of seizures in patients with AD, the risks of seizures related to medications used in AD and the pharmacological treatment of seizures in AD. The authors also provide the reader with their expert opinion on the subject matter and future perspectives. EXPERT OPINION Healthcare professionals should maintain a vigilant approach to suspecting seizures in AD patients. Acute symptomatic seizures triggered by metabolic disturbances, infections, toxins, or drug-related factors often have a low risk of recurrence. In such cases, addressing the underlying cause may suffice without initiating antiseizure medications (ASMs). However, unprovoked seizures in certain AD patients carry a higher risk of recurrence over time, warranting the use of ASMs. Although data is limited, both lamotrigine and levetiracetam appear to be reasonable choices for controlling seizures in elderly AD patients. Decisions should be informed by the best available evidence, the treating physician's clinical experience, and the patient's preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Brigo
- Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Chiang KH, Cheng TJ, Kan WC, Wang HY, Li JC, Cai YL, Cheng CH, Liu YC, Chang CY, Chuu JJ. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. Extracts attenuate Alzheimer-like pathology through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and β-amyloid inhibitory activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117132. [PMID: 37704121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (OA) is a traditional folk-herb, which is usually used to treat acute and chronic nephritis, epilepsy, cystitis, and other diseases. Phenols and flavonoids are the main active compound compounds of OA, with proven anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. AIMS OF THIS STUDY Based on evidenced therapeutic activities, we aimed to investigate the impact of OA on Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, and the pathological features include accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). MATERIALS AND METHODS OA was extracted with water, methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and determined its total flavonoid and phenolic contents. Initially, Aβ1-42 based cytotoxicity was induced in BV2 cells and C6 cells to investigate the therapeutic impact of OA therapy by MTT, RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Further, Aβ1-42 Oligomer (400 pmol)-induced AD mice model was established to evaluate the impact of OA extract on improving learning and memory impairment. RESULTS The results showed that the extract of OA could increase cell survival, inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS, and increase BDNF levels. We infer that the OA extract may attenuate Aβ-induced cytotoxicity by retarding the production of inflammatory-related factors. In the animal behavior test, the number of mice entering darkroom and the time of arriving at the platform were significantly reduced, indicating the learning and memory-improving ability of OA extract. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that the OA ethanolic extract demonstrated an improving effect on memory and hence could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hsing Chiang
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tain-Junn Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Kan
- Division of Nephrology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Sport Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli 35159, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ling Cai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Jye Chuu
- Pharmacy Department, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli 35159, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan.
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Yeh WC, Hsu CY, Li KY, Chien CF, Huang LC, Yang YH. Association between subclinical epileptiform discharge and the behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6013. [PMID: 37817385 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are highly prevalent in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), causing burdens on caregivers. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and subclinical epileptiform discharge (SED) increased with the disease course of AD. However, the interaction between them was still unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between SED and BPSD. METHODS/DESIGN Patients with AD from Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-tung Hospital were included in this study. International 10-20 system scalp electroencephalography (EEG) for 13 min was performed to detect SED. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia was assessed by neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) questionnaires. The occurrence of BPSD subsyndromes was compared between patients with and without SED. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-three adult patients qualified for the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. The mean age of patients was 80.2 years, and approximately 62% were women. 17.1% of patients showed SED on EEG. Apathy was the most commonly reported BPSD subsyndrome in this cohort. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of BPSD between patients with and without SED. (75.6% vs. 67.4%, p = 0.2806). However, the NPI score of irritability subsyndrome was significantly higher in the SED (+) group (2.6 ± 3.7 vs. 1.2 ± 2.7, p = 0.0028). In addition, subclinical epileptiform discharge in the frontal lobe was associated with a considerably higher occurrence of hyperactivity subsyndrome, including irritability. CONCLUSIONS SED may not be a direct cause of BPSD, but the presence of SED may affect the manifestation of BPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Post-baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kumar P, Goettemoeller AM, Espinosa-Garcia C, Tobin BR, Tfaily A, Nelson RS, Natu A, Dammer EB, Santiago JV, Malepati S, Cheng L, Xiao H, Duong D, Seyfried NT, Wood LB, Rowan MJ, Rangaraju S. Native-state proteomics of Parvalbumin interneurons identifies novel molecular signatures and metabolic vulnerabilities to early Alzheimer's disease pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541038. [PMID: 37292756 PMCID: PMC10245729 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the earliest pathophysiological perturbations in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) may arise from dysfunction of fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons (PV-INs). Defining early protein-level (proteomic) alterations in PV-INs can provide key biological and translationally relevant insights. Here, we use cell-type-specific in vivo biotinylation of proteins (CIBOP) coupled with mass spectrometry to obtain native-state proteomes of PV interneurons. PV-INs exhibited proteomic signatures of high metabolic, mitochondrial, and translational activity, with over-representation of causally linked AD genetic risk factors. Analyses of bulk brain proteomes indicated strong correlations between PV-IN proteins with cognitive decline in humans, and with progressive neuropathology in humans and mouse models of Aβ pathology. Furthermore, PV-IN-specific proteomes revealed unique signatures of increased mitochondrial and metabolic proteins, but decreased synaptic and mTOR signaling proteins in response to early Aβ pathology. PV-specific changes were not apparent in whole-brain proteomes. These findings showcase the first native state PV-IN proteomes in mammalian brain, revealing a molecular basis for their unique vulnerabilities in AD.
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Liew Y, Retinasamy T, Arulsamy A, Ali I, Jones NC, O’Brien TJ, Shaikh MF. Neuroinflammation: A Common Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S253-S265. [PMID: 37092226 PMCID: PMC10473147 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is an innate immunological response of the central nervous system that may be induced by a brain insult and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Recent research has shown that neuroinflammation may contribute to the initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and associated epileptogenesis. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to investigate the available literature on the shared molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation in AD and epilepsy. METHODS The search included in this systematic review was obtained from 5 established databases. A total of 2,760 articles were screened according to inclusion criteria. Articles related to the modulation of the inflammatory biomarkers commonly associated with the progression of AD and epilepsy in all populations were included in this review. RESULTS Only 7 articles met these criteria and were chosen for further analysis. Selected studies include both in vitro and in vivo research conducted on rodents. Several neuroinflammatory biomarkers were reported to be involved in the cross-talk between AD and epilepsy. CONCLUSION Neuroinflammation was directly associated with the advancement of AD and epilepsy in populations compared to those with either AD or epilepsy. However, more studies focusing on common inflammatory biomarkers are required to develop standardized monitoring guidelines to prevent the manifestation of epilepsy and delay the progression of AD in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Liew
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thaarvena Retinasamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel C. Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J. O’Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Australia
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Zhang D, Chen S, Xu S, Wu J, Zhuang Y, Cao W, Chen X, Li X. The clinical correlation between Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:922535. [PMID: 35937069 PMCID: PMC9352925 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.922535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy are common nervous system diseases in older adults, and their incidence rates tend to increase with age. Patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease are more prone to have seizures. In patients older than 65 years, neurodegenerative conditions accounted for ~10% of all late-onset epilepsy cases, most of which are Alzheimer's disease. Epilepsy and seizure can occur in the early and late stages of Alzheimer's disease, leading to functional deterioration and behavioral alterations. Seizures promote amyloid-β and tau deposits, leading to neurodegenerative processes. Thus, there is a bi-directional association between Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Epilepsy is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and, in turn, Alzheimer's disease is an independent risk factor for developing epilepsy in old age. Many studies have evaluated the shared pathogenesis and clinical relevance of Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. In this review, we discuss the clinical associations between Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy, including their incidence, clinical features, and electroencephalogram abnormalities. Clinical studies of the two disorders in recent years are summarized, and new antiepileptic drugs used for treating Alzheimer's disease are reviewed.
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Capsoni S, Arisi I, Malerba F, D’Onofrio M, Cattaneo A, Cherubini E. Targeting the Cation-Chloride Co-Transporter NKCC1 to Re-Establish GABAergic Inhibition and an Appropriate Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance in Selective Neuronal Circuits: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060783. [PMID: 35741668 PMCID: PMC9221351 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, depolarizes and excites immature neurons because of an initially higher intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]i due to the delayed expression of the chloride exporter KCC2 at birth. Depolarization-induced calcium rise via NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels is instrumental in shaping neuronal circuits and in controlling the excitatory (E)/inhibitory (I) balance in selective brain areas. An E/I imbalance accounts for cognitive impairment observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize recent data on the mechanisms by which alterations of GABAergic signaling alter the E/I balance in cortical and hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of cation-chloride co-transporters in this process. In particular, we discuss the NGF and AD relationship and how mice engineered to express recombinant neutralizing anti-NGF antibodies (AD11 mice), which develop a neurodegenerative pathology reminiscent of that observed in AD patients, exhibit a depolarizing action of GABA due to KCC2 impairment. Treating AD and other forms of dementia with bumetanide, a selective KCC2 antagonist, contributes to re-establishing a proper E/I balance in selective brain areas, leading to amelioration of AD symptoms and the slowing down of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Capsoni
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Section of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- Fondazione European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Francesca Malerba
- Fondazione European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Mara D’Onofrio
- Fondazione European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Fondazione European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (E.C.); Tel.: +39-050-509320 (A.C.); +39-06-49255255 (E.C.)
| | - Enrico Cherubini
- Fondazione European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) Rita Levi-Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (E.C.); Tel.: +39-050-509320 (A.C.); +39-06-49255255 (E.C.)
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Moon C. New Insights into and Emerging Roles of Animal Models for Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094957. [PMID: 35563352 PMCID: PMC9105220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Mechanisms Involved in Epileptogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084307. [PMID: 35457126 PMCID: PMC9030029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence increases with age. There are reciprocal relationships between epilepsy and AD. Epilepsy is a risk factor for AD and, in turn, AD is an independent risk factor for developing epilepsy in old age, and abnormal AD biomarkers in PET and/or CSF are frequently found in late-onset epilepsies of unknown etiology. Accordingly, epilepsy and AD share pathophysiological processes, including neuronal hyperexcitability and an early excitatory-inhibitory dysregulation, leading to dysfunction in the inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic systems. Moreover, both β-amyloid and tau protein aggregates, the anatomopathological hallmarks of AD, have proepileptic effects. Finally, these aggregates have been found in the resection material of refractory temporal lobe epilepsies, suggesting that epilepsy leads to amyloid and tau aggregates. Some epileptic syndromes, such as medial temporal lobe epilepsy, share structural and functional neuroimaging findings with AD, leading to overlapping symptomatology, such as episodic memory deficits and toxic synergistic effects. In this respect, the existence of epileptiform activity and electroclinical seizures in AD appears to accelerate the progression of cognitive decline, and the presence of cognitive decline is much more prevalent in epileptic patients than in elderly patients without epilepsy. Notwithstanding their clinical significance, the diagnosis of clinical seizures in AD is a challenge. Most are focal and manifest with an altered level of consciousness without motor symptoms, and are often interpreted as cognitive fluctuations. Finally, despite the frequent association of epilepsy and AD dementia, there is a lack of clinical trials to guide the use of antiseizure medications (ASMs). There is also a potential role for ASMs to be used as disease-modifying drugs in AD.
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Significance of GABA A Receptor for Cognitive Function and Hippocampal Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212456. [PMID: 34830337 PMCID: PMC8623595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a primary area for contextual memory, known to process spatiotemporal information within a specific episode. Long-term strengthening of glutamatergic transmission is a mechanism of contextual learning in the dorsal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area of the hippocampus. CA1-specific immobilization or blockade of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptor delivery can impair learning performance, indicating a causal relationship between learning and receptor delivery into the synapse. Moreover, contextual learning also strengthens GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptor-mediated inhibitory synapses onto CA1 neurons. Recently we revealed that strengthening of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory synapses preceded excitatory synaptic plasticity after contextual learning, resulting in a reduced synaptic excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) input balance that returned to pretraining levels within 10 min. The faster plasticity at inhibitory synapses may allow encoding a contextual memory and prevent cognitive dysfunction in various hippocampal pathologies. In this review, we focus on the dynamic changes of GABAA receptor mediated-synaptic currents after contextual learning and the intracellular mechanism underlying rapid inhibitory synaptic plasticity. In addition, we discuss that several pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy are characterized by alterations in GABAA receptor trafficking, synaptic E/I imbalance and neuronal excitability.
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