1
|
Bagang N, Gupta K, Singh G, Kanuri SH, Mehan S. Protease-activated receptors in kidney diseases: A comprehensive review of pathological roles, therapeutic outcomes and challenges. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 377:110470. [PMID: 37011708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that protease-activated receptors (PARs) with four subtypes (PAR1-4) are mainly expressed in the renal epithelial, endothelial, and podocyte cells. Some endogenous and urinary proteases, namely thrombin, trypsin, urokinase, and kallikrein released during diseased conditions, are responsible for activating different subtypes of PARs. Each PAR receptor subtype is involved in kidney disease of distinct aetiology. PAR1 and PAR2 have shown differential therapeutic outcomes in rodent models of type-1 and type-2 diabetic kidney diseases due to the distinct etiological basis of each disease type, however such findings need to be confirmed in other diabetic renal injury models. PAR1 and PAR2 blockers have been observed to abolish drug-induced nephrotoxicity in rodents by suppressing tubular inflammation and fibrosis and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, PAR2 inhibition improved autophagy and prevented fibrosis, inflammation, and remodeling in the urethral obstruction model. Only the PAR1/4 subtypes have emerged as a therapeutic target for treating experimentally induced nephrotic syndrome, where their respective antibodies attenuated the podocyte apoptosis induced upon thrombin activation. Strikingly PAR2 and PAR4 subtypes involvement has been tested in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury models. Thus, more studies are required to delineate the role of other subtypes in the sepsis-AKI model. Evidence suggests that PARs regulate oxidative, inflammatory stress, immune cell activation, fibrosis, autophagic flux, and apoptosis during kidney diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernández-Santiago R, Esteve-Codina A, Fernández M, Valldeoriola F, Sanchez-Gómez A, Muñoz E, Compta Y, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Martí MJ. Transcriptome analysis in LRRK2 and idiopathic Parkinson's disease at different glucose levels. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:109. [PMID: 34853332 PMCID: PMC8636510 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) and glucose metabolic imbalances have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). To detect potential effects of different glucose levels on gene expression, by RNA-seq we analyzed the transcriptome of dermal fibroblasts from idiopathic PD (iPD) patients, LRRK2-associated PD (L2PD) patients, and healthy controls (total n = 21 cell lines), which were cultured at two different glucose concentrations (25 and 5 mM glucose). In PD patients we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were related to biological processes mainly involving the plasmatic cell membrane, the extracellular matrix, and also neuronal functions. Such pathway deregulation was largely similar in iPD or L2PD fibroblasts. Overall, the gene expression changes detected in this study were associated with PD independently of glucose concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Fernández
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Valldeoriola
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Almudena Sanchez-Gómez
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esteban Muñoz
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - María J Martí
- Lab of Parkinson disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders: Clinical and Experimental Research, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|