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Deng X, Yu T, Gao M, Wang J, Sun W, Xu S. Sodium selenite (Na 2SeO 3) attenuates T-2 toxin-induced iron death in LMH cells through the ROS/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114185. [PMID: 37951346 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, is a monotrichous mycotoxin commonly found in animal feed and agricultural products that can damage tissues and organs through oxidative stress. Selenium is a trace element with favorable antioxidant effects. However, it is unclear whether T-2 toxin-induces ferroptosis in LMH cells and whether Na2SeO3 has a protective role in this process. To investigate the process of hepatic injury by T-2 toxin and its antagonistic effect by Na2SeO3, we used 20 ng/mL T-2 toxin as well as 160 nmol/L Na2SeO3 to treat the LMH cells. The results demonstrated that exposure to the T-2 toxin induced iron death by increasing the quantity of ROS, leading to oxidative damage, decreasing the quantities of SOD, GPx, and T-AOC, and increasing the accumulation of MDA and H2O2, which resulted in the accumulation of Fe2+ and the down-regulation of the manifestation of linked genes and proteins including FTH1, Gpx4, NQO-1, and HO-1. After the addition of Na2SeO3, the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway is activated by regulating the selenoproteins gene level, and the above abnormal changes are reversed. In summary, Na2SeO3 alleviated T-2 toxin-induced iron death via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. These study not only broaden the cytotoxic knowledge regarding T-2 toxin, but also serve as a foundation for the use of Na2SeO3 in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Tingting Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Meichen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenying Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Guo Z, Chilufya MM, Deng H, Qiao L, Liu J, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Lin X, Liu H, Xiang R, Han J. Single and Combined Effects of Short-Term Selenium Deficiency and T-2 Toxin-Induced Kidney Pathological Injury Through the MMPs/TIMPs System. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4850-4860. [PMID: 36645617 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The single and combined effects of short-term selenium (Se) deficiency and T-2 toxin-induced kidney pathological injury through the MMPs/TIMPs system were investigated. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into control, 10 ng/g T-2 toxin, 100 ng/g T-2 toxin, Se-deficient, 10 ng/g T-2 toxin and Se deficiency combined, and 100 ng/g T-2 toxin and Se deficiency combined groups for a 4-week intervention. The kidney Se concentration was measured to evaluate the construction of animal models of Se deficiency. Kidney tissues were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, and transmission electron microscope to observe the pathological changes, the severity of kidney fibrosis, and ultrastructural changes, respectively. Meanwhile, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the gene and protein expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase 2/3 (MMP2/3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). The results showed that short-term Se deficiency and T-2 toxin exposure can cause kidney injury through tubular degeneration and even lead to kidney fibrosis. And the combination of T-2 toxin and Se deficiency had a synergistic effect on the kidney. A dose-response effect of the T-2 toxin was also observed. At the gene and protein levels, the expression of MMP2/3 in the intervention group increased, while the expression of TIMP1 decreased compared with the control group. In conclusion, short-term Se deficiency and T-2 toxin exposure might lead to injury and even the development of fibrosis in the kidneys, and combined intervention can increase the severity with a dose-dependent trend. MMP2/3 and TIMP1 likely play a significant role in the development of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Mumba Mulutula Chilufya
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Lichun Qiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Haobiao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Rongqi Xiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Health Science Center, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 712000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Huang T, Chen Y, Song W, Chen F, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Yang X. Nrf2: A Main Responsive Element of the Toxicity Effect Caused by Trichothecene (T-2) Mycotoxin. TOXICS 2023; 11:393. [PMID: 37112621 PMCID: PMC10146852 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxin, is produced by Fusarium, and is widely found in contaminated feed and stored grains. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and is challenging to eradicate from contaminated feed and cereal, resulting in food contamination that is inescapable and poses a major hazard to both human and animal health, according to the World Health Organization. Oxidative stress is the upstream cause of all pathogenic variables, and is the primary mechanism through which T-2 toxin causes poisoning. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) also plays a crucial part in oxidative stress, iron metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. The major ideas and emerging trends in future study are comprehensively discussed in this review, along with research progress and the molecular mechanism of Nrf2's involvement in the toxicity impact brought on by T-2 toxin. This paper could provide a theoretical foundation for elucidating how Nrf2 reduces oxidative damage caused by T-2 toxin, and a theoretical reference for exploring target drugs to alleviate T-2 toxin toxicity with Nrf2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tingyu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yunhe Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenxi Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yibao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Park, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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NRF2/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis contributes to T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 451:116167. [PMID: 35842139 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The T-2 toxin is a highly toxic trichothecene mycotoxin that would cause serious toxicity in humans and animals. Recent studies suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) is susceptible to T-2 toxin, which can easily cross the blood-brain barrier, accumulate in brain tissues, and cause neurotoxicity. The growing evidence indicates that oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction play a critical role in T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity, but the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Our present study showed that T-2 toxin decreased cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. T-2 toxin elicited prominent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by the promotion of cellular reactive oxygen species generation, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, depletion of glutathione and reduction of the cellular ATP content. T-2 toxin impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, including decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number and affected the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) / peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) pathway by upregulating NRF2 mRNA and protein expression while inhibiting the expression of PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). NRF2 knockdown was found to significantly exacerbate T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as aggravate mitochondrial biogenesis impairment. NRF2 knockdown compromised T-2 toxin-induced upregulation of NRF2, but augmented the inhibition of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM by T-2 toxin. Taken together, these findings suggest that T-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells, at least in part by, NRF2/PGC-1α pathway-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.
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