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Yang Y, Zhu G, Yang L, Yang Y. Targeting CD24 as a novel immunotherapy for solid cancers. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:312. [PMID: 37919766 PMCID: PMC10623753 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24), a mucin-like highly glycosylated molecule has been extensively studied as a cancer stem cell marker in a variety of solid cancers. The functional role of CD24 is either fulfilled by combining with ligands or participating in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. Recently, CD24 was also described as an innate immune checkpoint with apparent significance in several types of solid cancers. Herein, we review the current understanding of the molecular fundamentals of CD24, the role of CD24 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, the possibility as a promising therapeutic target and summarized different therapeutic agents or strategies targeting CD24 in solid cancers. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Tumor-Targeted Drug Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taian, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Tumor-Targeted Drug Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
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Söhngen C, Thomas DJ, Skowron MA, Bremmer F, Eckstein M, Stefanski A, Driessen MD, Wakileh GA, Stühler K, Altevogt P, Theodorescu D, Klapdor R, Schambach A, Nettersheim D. CD24 targeting with NK-CAR immunotherapy in testis, prostate, renal and (luminal-type) bladder cancer and identification of direct CD24 interaction partners. FEBS J 2023; 290:4864-4876. [PMID: 37254618 PMCID: PMC11129509 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alternative therapeutic options targeting urologic malignancies, such as germ cell tumours, as well as urothelial, renal and prostate carcinomas, are still urgently needed. The membrane protein CD24 represents a promising immunotherapeutical approach. The present study aimed to decipher the molecular function of CD24 in vitro and evaluate the cytotoxic capacity of a third-generation natural killer (NK) cell chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against CD24 in urologic tumour cell lines. Up to 20 urologic tumour cell lines and several non-malignant control cells were included. XTT viability assays and annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry analyses were performed to measure cell viability and apoptosis rates, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analyses identified direct interaction partners of CD24. Luciferase reporter assays were used to functionally validate transactivation of CD24 expression by SOX2. N- and O-glycosylation of CD24 were evaluated by enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry. The study demonstrates that SOX2 transactivates CD24 expression in embryonal carcinoma cells. In cells of different urological origins, CD24 interacted with proteins involved in cell adhesion, ATP binding, phosphoprotein binding and post-translational modifications, such as histone acetylation and ubiquitination. Treatment of urological tumour cells with NK-CD24-CAR cells resulted in a decreased cell viability and apoptosis induction specifically in CD24+ tumour cells. Limitations of the study include the in vitro setting, which still has to be confirmed in vivo. In conclusion, we show that CD24 is a promising novel target for immune therapeutic approaches targeting urologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Söhngen
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David J. Thomas
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margaretha A. Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc D. Driessen
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gamal A. Wakileh
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rüdiger Klapdor
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Chen Y, Pan X, Tian B, Hu Y. Polysaccharide immunization and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:961507. [PMID: 35938128 PMCID: PMC9354139 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.961507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities, and in the anti-tumor field, they produce tumor suppressive effects by regulating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In immunotherapy, it has significant activities in modulating cytokines and antibody production. We reviewed them and selected CD24, an immune target, for meta-analysis with colorectal cancer (CRC) to investigate the correlation between CD24 expression and CRC. Correlation of CD24 positive expression with clinical-pathological features: age, sex, Duke’s stage, diameter, depth of invasion, degree of differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. It showed that: CD24 expression in CRC was significantly correlated with advanced nuclear grade of CRC, lymph node metastasis, Duke’s stage of CRC and age of CRC patients, while there was no significant correlation with gender, tumor diameter and invasion depth. The aim is to clarify the specific mechanism of polysaccharide immune anti-tumor, combined with targeted site-specific anti-solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Chen
- Department of Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xinnan Pan
- Department of Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Modern TCM and Natural Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baoming Tian,
| | - Yajun Hu
- Department of Medical College of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
- Yajun Hu,
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Li X, Wilmanowski R, Gao X, VanAernum ZL, Donnelly DP, Kochert B, Schuessler HA, Richardson D. Precise O-Glycosylation Site Localization of CD24Fc by LC-MS Workflows. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8416-8425. [PMID: 35622908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CD24Fc is a homodimeric recombinant Fc-fusion protein comprised of human CD24 connected to immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc fragment. CD24 is heavily glycosylated, and its biological function is considered mainly mediated by its glycosylation. Identification of the O-glycosylation sites would facilitate an in-depth understanding of the functional role of O-glycans in CD24. However, the presence of clustered mucin-type O-glycans together with N-glycans makes the determination of O-glycosylation sites and abundance very challenging. In this study, two sets of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) workflows were developed for the comprehensive characterization of O-glycosylation in CD24: (1) Fractionation and collision-induced dissociation (CID) workflow involving multienzyme digestion, fractionation, OpeRATOR/SialEXO digestion, and CID analysis; (2) Direct OpeRATOR/SialEXO digestion followed by electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) analysis. The precise O-glycosylation sites were identified in CD24 for the first time, and the site occupancy was assessed. A total of 12 O-glycosylation sites were identified. Seven glycosylation sites were identified by both workflows, and five additional sites were identified only by the EThcD workflow. The predominant O-glycosylation site in CD24 was Thr25 followed by Thr15. The CID workflow provided an overall relative quantitation of O-glycoforms at the CD24 level and site localization for singly O-glycosylated peptides. The EThcD workflow directly identified glycosylation sites by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for singly, doubly, and triply O-glycosylated peptides. Together, both workflows validated each other's results and can be applied to a complex mucin-type O-glycosylation site analysis of other glycoproteins and Fc-fusion therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth 07033, New Jersey, United States
| | | | - Xinliu Gao
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth 07033, New Jersey, United States
| | - Zachary L VanAernum
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth 07033, New Jersey, United States
| | - Daniel P Donnelly
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth 07033, New Jersey, United States
| | - Brent Kochert
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth 07033, New Jersey, United States
| | - Hillary A Schuessler
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth 07033, New Jersey, United States
| | - Douglas Richardson
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth 07033, New Jersey, United States
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Molecular Profile Study of Extracellular Vesicles for the Identification of Useful Small “Hit” in Cancer Diagnosis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the main mediators of cell-cell communication, permitting cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and metabolites in varying physiological and pathological conditions. They contain signature tumor-derived molecules that reflect the intracellular status of their cell of origin. Recent studies have shown that tumor cell-derived EVs can aid in cancer metastasis through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, suppression of the immune system, pre-metastatic niche formation, and subsequent metastasis. EVs can easily be isolated from a variety of biological fluids, and their content makes them useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitorization of cancer progression, and response to treatment. This review aims to explore the biomarkers of cancer cell-derived EVs obtained from liquid biopsies, in order to understand cancer progression and metastatic evolution for early diagnosis and precision therapy.
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