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Koelsch N, Mirshahi F, Aqbi HF, Saneshaw M, Idowu MO, Olex AL, Sanyal AJ, Manjili MH. Effective anti-tumor immune response against HCC is orchestrated by immune cell partnership network that functions through hepatic homeostatic pathways, not direct cytotoxicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598563. [PMID: 38903113 PMCID: PMC11188117 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The liver harbors a diverse array of immune cells during both health and disease. The specific roles of these cells in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Using a systems immunology approach, we demonstrate that reciprocal cell-cell communications function through dominant-subdominant pattern of ligand-receptor homeostatic pathways. In the healthy control, hepatocyte-dominated homeostatic pathways induce local immune responses to maintain liver homeostasis. Chronic intake of a Western diet (WD) alters hepatocytes and induces hepatic stellate cell (HSC), cancer cell and NKT cell-dominated interactions during NAFLD. During HCC, monocytes, hepatocytes, and myofibroblasts join the dominant cellular interactions network to restore liver homeostasis. Dietary correction during NAFLD results in nonlinear outcomes with various cellular rearrangements. When cancer cells and stromal cells dominate hepatic interactions network without inducing homeostatic immune responses, HCC progression occurs. Conversely, myofibroblast and fibroblast-dominated network orchestrates monocyte-dominated HCC-preventive immune responses. Tumor immune surveillance by 75% of immune cells successfully promoting liver homeostasis can create a tumor-inhibitory microenvironment, while only 5% of immune cells manifest apoptosis-inducing functions, primarily for facilitating homeostatic liver cell turnover rather than direct tumor killing. These data suggest that an effective immunotherapy should promote liver homeostasis rather than direct tumor killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Koelsch
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Faridoddin Mirshahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Hussein F. Aqbi
- College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Mulugeta Saneshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael O. Idowu
- Department of Pathology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Amy L. Olex
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, Richmond, VA 23298
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Masoud H. Manjili
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond VA 23298
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Aydin E, Nie S, Azizoglu S, Chong L, Gokhale M, Suphioglu C. What's the situation with ocular inflammation? A cross-seasonal investigation of proteomic changes in ocular allergy sufferers' tears in Victoria, Australia. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386344. [PMID: 38855108 PMCID: PMC11157006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ocular allergy (OA) is a localized subset of allergy characterized by ocular surface itchiness, redness and inflammation. Inflammation and eye-rubbing, due to allergy-associated itch, are common in OA sufferers and may trigger changes to the ocular surface biochemistry. The primary aim of this study is to assess the differences in the human tear proteome between OA sufferers and Healthy Controls (HCs) across peak allergy season and off-peak season in Victoria, Australia. Methods 19 participants (14 OA sufferers, 5 HCs) aged 18-45 were recruited for this study. Participants were grouped based on allergy symptom assessment questionnaire scoring. Proteins were extracted from human tear samples and were run on an Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer. Peaks were matched to a DIA library. Data was analyzed using the software MaxQuant, Perseus and IBM SPSS. Results 1267 proteins were identified in tear samples of OA sufferers and HCs. 23 proteins were differentially expressed between peak allergy season OA suffers vs HCs, and 21 were differentially expressed in off-peak season. Decreased proteins in OA sufferers related to cell structure regulation, inflammatory regulation and antimicrobial regulation. In both seasons, OA sufferers were shown to have increased expression of proteins relating to inflammation, immune responses and cellular development. Conclusion Tear protein identification showed dysregulation of proteins involved in inflammation, immunity and cellular structures. Proteins relating to cellular structure may suggest a possible link between OA-associated itch and the subsequent ocular surface damage via eye-rubbing, while inflammatory and immune protein changes highlight potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esrin Aydin
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Serap Azizoglu
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke Chong
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Moneisha Gokhale
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
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Lin QY, Yu WJ, Bai J, Jiang WX, Li HH. Mac-1 deficiency ameliorates pressure overloaded heart failure through inhibiting macrophage polarization and activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167048. [PMID: 38296117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Persistent pressure overload commonly leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, ultimately leading to heart failure (HF). Cardiac remodeling is associated with the involvement of immune cells and the inflammatory response in pathogenesis. The macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) is specifically expressed on leukocytes and regulates their migration and polarization. Nonetheless, the involvement of Mac-1 in cardiac remodeling and HF caused by pressure overload has not been determined. The Mac-1-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 6 weeks. Echocardiography and pressure-volume loop assessments were used to evaluate cardiac function, and cardiac remodeling and macrophage infiltration and polarization were estimated by histopathology and molecular techniques. The findings of our study demonstrated that Mac-1 expression was markedly increased in hearts subjected to TAC treatment. Moreover, compared with WT mice, Mac-1-KO mice exhibited dramatically ameliorated TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The potential positive impacts may be linked to the inhibition of macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization via reductions in NF-kB and STAT1 expression and upregulation of STAT6. In conclusion, this research reveals a new function of Mac-1 deficiency in reducing pathological cardiac remodeling and HF caused by pressure overload. Additionally, inhibiting Mac-1 could be a potential treatment option for patients with HF in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wei-Jia Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Xi Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
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4
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Yeh SI, Ho TC, Chu TW, Chen SL, Tsao YP. Potential Benefits of Integrin αvβ3 Antagonists in a Mouse Model of Experimental Dry Eye. Cornea 2024; 43:378-386. [PMID: 38015979 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to extensively evaluate the efficacy of integrin αvβ3 antagonists for the treatment of experimental dry eye (EDE). METHODS Vitronectin, an αvβ3 ligand, was used to induce tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression in human THP-1 macrophages. To induce EDE, C57BL/6 mice were housed in a low-humidity controlled environment chamber and injected subcutaneously with scopolamine for 7 days. Subsequently, αvβ3 antagonists, including RGDfD, c(RGDfD), c(RGDiD), c(RGDfK), ATN-161, SB273005, and cilengitide, were administered topically to EDE animals under controlled environment chamber conditions. Corneal epithelial damage in EDE was assessed by fluorescein staining. The density of conjunctival goblet cells and secretion of tears was measured by period acid-Schiff staining and phenol red-impregnated cotton threads, respectively. Inflammation markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, in the pooled cornea and conjunctiva tissues were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The inhibitory effects of αvβ3 antagonists on the vitronectin-induced tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression and integrin-mediated inflammatory signaling were validated in THP-1 macrophages. αvβ3 antagonists ameliorated the impairment of the corneal epithelial barrier with varying therapeutic efficacies, compared with vehicle-treated mice. c(RGDfD) and c(RGDiD) significantly protected against goblet cell loss, tear reduction, and proinflammatory gene expression in EDE. CONCLUSIONS Topical applications of αvβ3 antagonists yield therapeutic benefits in EDE by promoting corneal epithelial defect healing and reducing inflammation. Antagonistic targeting αvβ3 may be a novel promising strategy to treat patients with dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; and
| | - Ting-Wen Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Show-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; and
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Zhang YL, Bai J, Yu WJ, Lin QY, Li HH. CD11b mediates hypertensive cardiac remodeling by regulating macrophage infiltration and polarization. J Adv Res 2024; 55:17-31. [PMID: 36822392 PMCID: PMC10770112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leukocyte infiltration is an early event during cardiac remodeling frequently leading to heart failure (HF). Integrins mediate leukocyte infiltration during inflammation. However, the importance of specific integrins in hypertensive cardiac remodeling is still unclear. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the significance of CD11b in hypertensive cardiac remodeling. METHODS Angiotensin (Ang II) or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt was used to induce cardiac remodeling in mice of gene knockout (KO), bone marrow (BM) chimera, and the CD11b neutralizing antibody or agonist leukadherin-1 (LA1) treatment. RESULTS Our microarray data showed that integrin subunits Itgam (CD11b) and Itgb2 (CD18) were the most highly upregulated in Ang II-infused hearts. CD11b expression and CD11b/CD18+ myelomonocytes were also time-dependently increased. KO or pharmacological blockade of CD11b greatly attenuated cardiac remodeling and macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization induced by Ang II or DOCA-salt. This protection was verified in wild-type mice transplanted with CD11b-deficient BM cells. Conversely, administration of CD11b agonist LA1 showed the opposite effects. Further, CD11b KO reduced Ang II-induced macrophage adhesion and M1 polarization, leading to reduction of cardiomyocyte enlargement and fibroblast differentiation in vitro. The numbers of CD14+CD11b+CD18+ monocytes and CD15+CD11b+CD18+ granulocytes were obviously higher in HF patients than in normal controls. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate an important role of CD11b+ myeloid cells in hypertensive cardiac remodeling, and suggest that HF may benefit from targeting CD11b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Worker's Stadium South Road, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.193, Lianhe Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Wei-Jia Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.193, Lianhe Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.193, Lianhe Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Worker's Stadium South Road, Beijing 100020, China.
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6
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Zhang Q, Zhang S, Chen J, Xie Z. The Interplay between Integrins and Immune Cells as a Regulator in Cancer Immunology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6170. [PMID: 37047140 PMCID: PMC10093897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits that mediate a variety of physiological activities of immune cells, including cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, survival, and immunotolerance. Multiple types of integrins act differently on the same immune cells, while the same integrin may exert various effects on different immune cells. In the development of cancer, integrins are involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis; conversely, integrins promote immune cell aggregation to mediate the elimination of tumors. The important roles of integrins in cancer progression have provided valuable clues for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer. Furthermore, many integrin inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials to explore effective regimens and reduce side effects. Due to the complexity of the mechanism of integrin-mediated cancer progression, challenges remain in the research and development of cancer immunotherapies (CITs). This review enumerates the effects of integrins on four types of immune cells and the potential mechanisms involved in the progression of cancer, which will provide ideas for more optimal CIT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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7
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Biasella F, Plössl K, Baird PN, Weber BHF. The extracellular microenvironment in immune dysregulation and inflammation in retinal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147037. [PMID: 36936905 PMCID: PMC10014728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) as well as genetically complex retinal phenotypes represent a heterogenous group of ocular diseases, both on account of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Therefore, overlaps in clinical features often complicate or even impede their correct clinical diagnosis. Deciphering the molecular basis of retinal diseases has not only aided in their disease classification but also helped in our understanding of how different molecular pathologies may share common pathomechanisms. In particular, these relate to dysregulation of two key processes that contribute to cellular integrity, namely extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and inflammation. Pathological changes in the ECM of Bruch's membrane have been described in both monogenic IRDs, such as Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) and Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), as well as in the genetically complex age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Additionally, complement system dysfunction and distorted immune regulation may also represent a common connection between some IRDs and complex retinal degenerations. Through highlighting such overlaps in molecular pathology, this review aims to illuminate how inflammatory processes and ECM homeostasis are linked in the healthy retina and how their interplay may be disturbed in aging as well as in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Biasella
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
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Wang HH, Chen WY, Huang YH, Hsu SM, Tsao YP, Hsu YH, Chang MS. Interleukin-20 is involved in dry eye disease and is a potential therapeutic target. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:36. [PMID: 35681232 PMCID: PMC9178884 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disease in ophthalmology, affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is the core mechanism of DED. IL-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of DED and evaluate the therapeutic potential of the anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E for DED treatment. Methods Clinical tear samples from patients with DED and non-DED controls were collected and their IL-20 protein levels were determined. We established three DED animal models to explore the role of IL-20 and the efficacy of IL-20 antibody in DED. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced over-evaporative DED, extra-orbital lacrimal gland excision (LGE)-induced aqueous tear-deficient DED, and desiccating stress (DS)-induced combined over-evaporative and aqueous tear-deficient DED animal models were established to investigate the role of IL-20. The anti-IL-20 antibody 7E was established to neutralize IL-20 activity. The effects of IL-20 or 7E on human corneal epithelial cells and macrophages under hyperosmotic stress were analyzed. 7E was topically applied to eyes to evaluate the therapeutic effects in the DED animal models. Results IL-20 was significantly upregulated in the tears of patients with DED and in the tears and corneas of DED animal models. Under hyperosmotic stress, IL-20 expression was induced via NFAT5 activation in corneal epithelial cells. 7E suppressed hyperosmotic stress-induced activation of macrophages. IL-20 induced cell death in corneal epithelial cells and 7E protected cells from hyperosmotic stress-induced cell death. Blocking IL-20 signaling with 7E protected mice from BAC-induced, LGE-induced, and DS-induced DED by reducing DED symptoms and inhibiting inflammatory responses, macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and Th17 populations in the conjunctiva and draining lymph nodes. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the functions of IL-20 in DED and presented a potential therapeutic option for this condition. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00821-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shi Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Ling J, Chan BCL, Tsang MSM, Gao X, Leung PC, Lam CWK, Hu JM, Wong CK. Current Advances in Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: Toward Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapy and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:815075. [PMID: 35111787 PMCID: PMC8801439 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.815075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is currently one of the most common ocular surface disease. It can lead to ocular discomfort and even cause visual impairment, which greatly affects the work and quality of life of patients. With the increasing incidence of dry eye disease (DED) in recent years, the disease is receiving more and more attention, and has become one of the hot research fields in ophthalmology research. Recently, with the in-depth research on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of DED, it has been shown that defects in immune regulation is one of the main pathological mechanisms of DED. Since the non-specific and specific immune response of the ocular surface are jointly regulated, a variety of immune cells and inflammatory factors are involved in the development of DED. The conventional treatment of DED is the application of artificial tears for lubricating the ocular surface. However, for moderate-to-severe DED, treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs is necessary. In this review, the immunomodulatory mechanisms of DED and the latest research progress of its related treatments including Chinese medicine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ling
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Kwok Wong
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