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Liu Y, Su Z, Tavana O, Gu W. Understanding the complexity of p53 in a new era of tumor suppression. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:946-967. [PMID: 38729160 PMCID: PMC11190820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
p53 was discovered 45 years ago as an SV40 large T antigen binding protein, coded by the most frequently mutated TP53 gene in human cancers. As a transcription factor, p53 is tightly regulated by a rich network of post-translational modifications to execute its diverse functions in tumor suppression. Although early studies established p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence as the classic barriers in cancer development, a growing number of new functions of p53 have been discovered and the scope of p53-mediated anti-tumor activity is largely expanded. Here, we review the complexity of different layers of p53 regulation, and the recent advance of the p53 pathway in metabolism, ferroptosis, immunity, and others that contribute to tumor suppression. We also discuss the challenge regarding how to activate p53 function specifically effective in inhibiting tumor growth without harming normal homeostasis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Yedla P, Bhamidipati P, Syed R, Amanchy R. Working title: Molecular involvement of p53-MDM2 interactome in gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4075. [PMID: 38924101 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53, marked by transcriptional induction and feedback inhibition, orchestrates a functional loop dictating cellular fate. The functional loop comprising p53-MDM2 axis is made up of an interactome consisting of approximately 81 proteins, which are spatio-temporally regulated and involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Biochemical and genetic alterations of the interactome result in dysregulation of the p53-mdm2 axis that leads to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A large subset of interactome is well known and it consists of proteins that either stabilize p53 or MDM2 and proteins that target the p53-MDM2 complex for ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Upstream signaling events brought about by growth factors and chemical messengers invoke a wide variety of posttranslational modifications in p53-MDM2 axis. Biochemical changes in the transactivation domain of p53 impact the energy landscape, induce conformational switching, alter interaction potential and could change solubility of p53 to redefine its co-localization, translocation and activity. A diverse set of chemical compounds mimic physiological effectors and simulate biochemical modifications of the p53-MDM2 interactome. p53-MDM2 interactome plays a crucial role in DNA damage and repair process. Genetic aberrations in the interactome, have resulted in cancers of GI tract (pancreas, liver, colorectal, gastric, biliary, and esophageal). We present in this article a review of the overall changes in the p53-MDM2 interactors and the effectors that form an epicenter for the development of next-generation molecules for understanding and targeting GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornachandra Yedla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pranav Bhamidipati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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3
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Vojsovič M, Kratochvilová L, Valková N, Šislerová L, El Rashed Z, Menichini P, Inga A, Monti P, Brázda V. Transactivation by partial function P53 family mutants is increased by the presence of G-quadruplexes at a promoter site. Biochimie 2024; 216:14-23. [PMID: 37838351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of mutations in the P53 family of transcription factors on their biological functions, including partial or complete loss of transcriptional activity, has been confirmed several times. At present, P53 family proteins showing partial loss of activity appear to be promising potential candidates for the development of novel therapeutic strategies which could restore their transcriptional activity. In this context, it is important to employ tools to precisely monitor their activity; in relation to this, non-canonical DNA secondary structures in promoters including G-quadruplexes (G4s) were shown to influence the activity of transcription factors. Here, we used a defined yeast assay to evaluate the impact of differently modeled G4 forming sequences on a panel of partial function P53 family mutant proteins. Specifically, a 22-mer G4 prone sequence (derived from the KSHV virus) and five derivatives that progressively mutate characteristic guanine stretches were placed upstream of a minimal promoter, adjacent to a P53 response element in otherwise isogenic yeast luciferase reporter strains. The transactivation ability of cancer-associated P53 (TA-P53α: A161T, R213L, N235S, V272L, R282W, R283C, R337C, R337H, and G360V) or Ectodermal Dyplasia syndromes-related P63 mutant proteins (ΔN-P63α: G134D, G134V and inR155) were tested. Our results show that the presence of G4 forming sequences can increase the transactivation ability of partial function P53 family proteins. These observations are pointing to the importance of DNA structural characteristics for accurate classification of P53 family proteins functionality in the context of the wide variety of TP53 and TP63 germline and somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Vojsovič
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Libuše Kratochvilová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Natália Valková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Šislerová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zeinab El Rashed
- Gene Expression Regulation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paola Menichini
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alberto Inga
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy.
| | - Paola Monti
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Václav Brázda
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Sakaguchi S, Nakagawa N, Wahba HM, Wada J, Kamada R, Omichinski JG, Sakaguchi K. Highly Similar Tetramerization Domains from the p53 Protein of Different Mammalian Species Possess Varying Biophysical, Functional and Structural Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16620. [PMID: 38068946 PMCID: PMC10706167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a transcriptional regulatory factor and many of its functions require that it forms a tetrameric structure. Although the tetramerization domain of mammalian p53 proteins (p53TD) share significant sequence similarities, it was recently shown that the tree shrew p53TD is considerably more thermostable than the human p53TD. To determine whether other mammalian species display differences in this domain, we used biophysical, functional, and structural studies to compare the properties of the p53TDs from six mammalian model organisms (human, tree shrew, guinea pig, Chinese hamster, sheep, and opossum). The results indicate that the p53TD from the opossum and tree shrew are significantly more stable than the human p53TD, and there is a correlation between the thermostability of the p53TDs and their ability to activate transcription. Structural analysis of the tree shrew and opossum p53TDs indicated that amino acid substitutions within two distinct regions of their p53TDs can dramatically alter hydrophobic packing of the tetramer, and in particular substitutions at positions corresponding to F341 and Q354 of the human p53TD. Together, the results suggest that subtle changes in the sequence of the p53TD can dramatically alter the stability, and potentially lead to important changes in the functional activity, of the p53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (S.S.); (N.N.); (J.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Natsumi Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (S.S.); (N.N.); (J.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Haytham M. Wahba
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 2722165, Egypt
| | - Junya Wada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (S.S.); (N.N.); (J.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Rui Kamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (S.S.); (N.N.); (J.W.); (R.K.)
| | - James G. Omichinski
- Département de Biochimie et Médicine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Kazuyasu Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; (S.S.); (N.N.); (J.W.); (R.K.)
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Yang K, Li X, Xie K. Senescence program and its reprogramming in pancreatic premalignancy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:528. [PMID: 37591827 PMCID: PMC10435572 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor is a representative of cell immortalization, while senescence irreversibly arrests cell proliferation. Although tumorigenesis and senescence seem contrary to each other, they have similar mechanisms in many aspects. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is highly lethal disease, which occurs and progresses through a multi-step process. Senescence is prevalent in pancreatic premalignancy, as manifested by decreased cell proliferation and increased clearance of pre-malignant cells by immune system. However, the senescent microenvironment cooperates with multiple factors and significantly contributes to tumorigenesis. Evidently, PDA progression requires to evade the effects of cellular senescence. This review will focus on dual roles that senescence plays in PDA development and progression, the signaling effectors that critically regulate senescence in PDA, the identification and reactivation of molecular targets that control senescence program for the treatment of PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Yang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The South China University of Technology Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guangdong, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangdong, China.
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Goswami P, Šislerová L, Dobrovolná M, Havlík J, Šťastný J, Brázda V. Interaction of C-terminal p53 isoforms depends strongly upon DNA sequence and topology. Biochimie 2022; 208:93-99. [PMID: 36549455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The p53 protein is a key tumor suppressor and the most commonly mutated and down-regulated protein in human tumors. It functions mainly through interaction with DNA, and p53 acts as a transcription factor that recognizes the so-called p53 target sites on the promoters of various genes. P53 has been shown to exist as many isoforms, including three C-terminal isoforms that are produced by alternative splicing. Because the C-terminal domain is responsible for sequence-nonspecific binding and regulation of p53 binding, we have analyzed DNA recognition by these C-terminal isoforms. Using atomic force microscopy, we show for the first time that all C-terminal isoforms recognize superhelical DNA. It is particularly noteworthy that a sequence-specific p53 consensus binding site is bound by p53α and β isoforms with similar affinities, whilst p53α shows higher binding to a quadruplex sequence than both p53β and p53γ, and p53γ loses preferential binding to both the consensus binding sequence and the quadruplex-forming sequence. These results show the important role of the variable p53 C-terminal amino acid sequences for DNA recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Goswami
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Šislerová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Dobrovolná
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Havlík
- Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šťastný
- Department of Informatics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Brázda
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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7
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Surmik D, Słowiak-Morkovina J, Szczygielski T, Kamaszewski M, Kalita S, Teschner EM, Dróżdż D, Duda P, Rothschild BM, Konietzko-Meier D. An insight into cancer palaeobiology: does the Mesozoic neoplasm support tissue organization field theory of tumorigenesis? BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 36513967 PMCID: PMC9746082 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoplasms are common across the animal kingdom and seem to be a feature plesiomorphic for metazoans, related with an increase in somatic complexity. The fossil record of cancer complements our knowledge of the origin of neoplasms and vulnerability of various vertebrate taxa. Here, we document the first undoubted record of primary malignant bone tumour in a Mesozoic non-amniote. The diagnosed osteosarcoma developed in the vertebral intercentrum of a temnospondyl amphibian, Metoposaurus krasiejowensis from the Krasiejów locality, southern Poland. RESULTS A wide array of data collected from gross anatomy, histology, and microstructure of the affected intercentrum reveals the tumour growth dynamics and pathophysiological aspects of the neoplasm formation on the histological level. The pathological process almost exclusively pertains to the periosteal part of the bone composed from a highly vascularised tissue with lamellar matrix. The unorganised arrangement of osteocyte lacunae observed in the tissue is characteristic for bone tissue types connected with static osteogenesis, and not for lamellar bone. The neoplastic bone mimics on the structural level the fast growing fibrolamellar bone, but on the histological level develops through a novel ossification type. The physiological process of bone remodelling inside the endochondral domain continued uninterrupted across the pathology of the periosteal part. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, we discuss our case study's consistence with the Tissue Organization Field Theory of tumorigenesis, which locates the causes of neoplastic transformations in disorders of tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Surmik
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Justyna Słowiak-Morkovina
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szczygielski
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamaszewski
- grid.13276.310000 0001 1955 7966Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sudipta Kalita
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Geosciences, Section Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elżbieta M. Teschner
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Geosciences, Section Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany ,grid.107891.60000 0001 1010 7301Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Dawid Dróżdż
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Duda
- grid.11866.380000 0001 2259 4135Faculty of Exact and Technical Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 39, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Bruce M. Rothschild
- grid.420557.10000 0001 2110 2178Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15215 USA
| | - Dorota Konietzko-Meier
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Geosciences, Section Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Shilovsky GA, Putyatina TS, Markov AV. Evolution of Longevity as a Species-Specific Trait in Mammals. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1579-1599. [PMID: 36717448 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
From the evolutionary point of view, the priority problem for an individual is not longevity, but adaptation to the environment associated with the need for survival, food supply, and reproduction. We see two main vectors in the evolution of mammals. One is a short lifespan and numerous offspring ensuring reproductive success (r-strategy). The other one is development of valuable skills in order compete successfully (K-strategy). Species with the K-strategy should develop and enhance specific systems (anti-aging programs) aimed at increasing the reliability and adaptability, including lifespan. These systems are signaling cascades that provide cell repair and antioxidant defense. Hence, any arbitrarily selected long-living species should be characterized by manifestation to a different extent of the longevity-favoring traits (e.g., body size, brain development, sociality, activity of body repair and antioxidant defense systems, resistance to xenobiotics and tumor formation, presence of neotenic traits). Hereafter, we will call a set of such traits as the gerontological success of a species. Longevity is not equivalent to the evolutionary or reproductive success. This difference between these phenomena reaches its peak in mammals due to the development of endothermy and cephalization associated with the cerebral cortex expansion, which leads to the upregulated production of oxidative radicals by the mitochondria (and, consequently, accelerated aging), increase in the number of non-dividing differentiated cells, accumulation of the age-related damage in these cells, and development of neurodegenerative diseases. The article presents mathematical indicators used to assess the predisposition to longevity in different species (including the standard mortality rate and basal metabolic rate, as well as their derivatives). The properties of the evolution of mammals (including the differences between modern mammals and their ancestral forms) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Shilovsky
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia. .,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Putyatina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander V Markov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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9
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Wang S, Xiao F, Li J, Fan X, He Z, Yan T, Yang M, Yang D. Circular RNAs Involved in the Regulation of the Age-Related Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810443. [PMID: 36142352 PMCID: PMC9500598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently circular noncoding RNAs that have been extensively studied in recent years. Aging is a process related to functional decline that is regulated by signal transduction. An increasing number of studies suggest that circRNAs can regulate aging and multiple age-related diseases through their involvement in age-related signaling pathways. CircRNAs perform several biological functions, such as acting as miRNA sponges, directly interacting with proteins, and regulating transcription and translation to proteins or peptides. Herein, we summarize research progress on the biological functions of circRNAs in seven main age-related signaling pathways, namely, the insulin-insulin-like, PI3K-AKT, mTOR, AMPK, FOXO, p53, and NF-κB signaling pathways. In these pathways, circRNAs mainly function as miRNA sponges. In this review, we suggest that circRNAs are widely involved in the regulation of the main age-related pathways and are potential biomarkers for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +86-28-86290991 (M.Y.)
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (D.Y.); Tel.: +86-28-86290991 (M.Y.)
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10
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Padariya M, Jooste ML, Hupp T, Fåhraeus R, Vojtesek B, Vollrath F, Kalathiya U, Karakostis K. The Elephant evolved p53 isoforms that escape mdm2-mediated repression and cancer. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6632613. [PMID: 35792674 PMCID: PMC9279639 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a transcription factor with roles in cell development, apoptosis, oncogenesis, aging, and homeostasis in response to stresses and infections. p53 is tightly regulated by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. The p53–MDM2 pathway has coevolved, with MDM2 remaining largely conserved, whereas the TP53 gene morphed into various isoforms. Studies on prevertebrate ancestral homologs revealed the transition from an environmentally induced mechanism activating p53 to a tightly regulated system involving cell signaling. The evolution of this mechanism depends on structural changes in the interacting protein motifs. Elephants such as Loxodonta africana constitute ideal models to investigate this coevolution as they are large and long-living as well as having 20 copies of TP53 isoformic sequences expressing a variety of BOX-I MDM2-binding motifs. Collectively, these isoforms would enhance sensitivity to cellular stresses, such as DNA damage, presumably accounting for strong cancer defenses and other adaptations favoring healthy aging. Here we investigate the molecular evolution of the p53–MDM2 system by combining in silico modeling and in vitro assays to explore structural and functional aspects of p53 isoforms retaining the MDM2 interaction, whereas forming distinct pools of cell signaling. The methodology used demonstrates, for the first time that in silico docking simulations can be used to explore functional aspects of elephant p53 isoforms. Our observations elucidate structural and mechanistic aspects of p53 regulation, facilitate understanding of complex cell signaling, and suggest testable hypotheses of p53 evolution referencing Peto’s Paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monikaben Padariya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Mia-Lyn Jooste
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ted Hupp
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire , Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris , France
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , 65653 Brno , Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University , 90185 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute , 65653 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Fritz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, Zoology Research and Administration Building, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
- Save the Elephants Marula Manor , Marula Lane, Karen P.O. Box 54667. Nairobi 00200. Kenya Office: +254 720 441 178
| | - Umesh Kalathiya
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk , ul. Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk , Poland
| | - Konstantinos Karakostis
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire , Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris , France
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) , Spain
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