1
|
Galodiya MN, Chakma S. Immobilization of enzymes on functionalized cellulose nanofibrils for bioremediation of antibiotics: Degradation mechanism, kinetics, and thermodynamic study. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140803. [PMID: 38040249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The deteriorating environmental conditions due to increasing emerging recalcitrant pollutants raised a severe concern for its remediation. In this study, we have reported antibiotic degradation using free and immobilized HRP. The functionalized cellulose support was utilized for efficient immobilization of HRP. Approximately 13.32 ± 0.52 mg/g enzyme loading was achieved with >99% immobilization efficiency. The higher percentage of immobilization is attributed to the higher surface area and carboxylic groups on the support. The kinetic parameter of immobilized enzymes was Km = 2.99 mM/L for CNF-CA@HRP, which is 3.5-fold more than the Michaelis constant (Km = 0.84794 mM/L) for free HRP. The Vmax of CNF-CA@HRP bioconjugate was 2.36072 mM/min and 0.558254 mM/min for free HRP. The highest degradation of 50, 54.3, and 97% were achieved with enzymatic, sonolysis, and sono-enzymatic with CNF-CA@HRP bioconjugate, respectively. The reaction kinetics analysis revealed that applying ultrasound with an enzymatic process could enhance the reaction rate by 2.7-8.4 times compared to the conventional enzymatic process. Also, ultrasound changes the reaction from diffusion mode to the kinetic regime with a more oriented and fruitful collision between the molecules. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the system was endothermic and spontaneous. While LC-MS analysis and OTC's degradation mechanism suggest, it mainly involves hydroxylation, secondary alcohol oxidation, dehydration, and decarbonylation. Additionally, the toxicity test confirmed that the sono-enzymatic process helps toward achieving complete mineralization. Further, the reusability of bioconjugate shows that immobilized enzymes are more efficient than the free enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Nagar Galodiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sankar Chakma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A Review on the Modification of Cellulose and Its Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153206. [PMID: 35956720 PMCID: PMC9371096 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest advancements in cellulose and its derivatives are the subject of this study. We summarize the characteristics, modifications, applications, and properties of cellulose. Here, we discuss new breakthroughs in modified cellulose that allow for enhanced control. In addition to standard approaches, improvements in different techniques employed for cellulose and its derivatives are the subject of this review. The various strategies for synthetic polymers are also discussed. The recent advancements in polymer production allow for more precise control, and make it possible to make functional celluloses with better physical qualities. For sustainability and environmental preservation, the development of cellulose green processing is the most abundant renewable substance in nature. The discovery of cellulose disintegration opens up new possibilities for sustainable techniques. Based on the review of recent scientific literature, we believe that additional chemical units of cellulose solubility should be used. This evaluation will evaluate the sustainability of biomass and processing the greenness for the long term. It appears not only crucial to dissolution, but also to the greenness of any process.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ciecholewska-Juśko D, Broda M, Żywicka A, Styburski D, Sobolewski P, Gorący K, Migdał P, Junka A, Fijałkowski K. Potato Juice, a Starch Industry Waste, as a Cost-Effective Medium for the Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cellulose. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910807. [PMID: 34639147 PMCID: PMC8509763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we verified the possibility of valorizing a major waste product of the potato starch industry, potato tuber juice (PJ). We obtained a cost-effective, ecological-friendly microbiological medium that yielded bacterial cellulose (BC) with properties equivalent to those from conventional commercial Hestrin–Schramm medium. The BC yield from the PJ medium (>4 g/L) was comparable, despite the lack of any pre-treatment. Likewise, the macro- and microstructure, physicochemical parameters, and chemical composition showed no significant differences between PJ and control BC. Importantly, the BC obtained from PJ was not cytotoxic against fibroblast cell line L929 in vitro and did not contain any hard-to-remove impurities. The PJ-BC soaked with antiseptic exerted a similar antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as to BC obtained in the conventional medium and supplemented with antiseptic. These are very important aspects from an application standpoint, particularly in biomedicine. Therefore, we conclude that using PJ for BC biosynthesis is a path toward significant valorization of an environmentally problematic waste product of the starch industry, but also toward a significant drop in BC production costs, enabling wider application of this biopolymer in biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Ciecholewska-Juśko
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (D.C.-J.); (M.B.); (A.Ż.)
| | - Michał Broda
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (D.C.-J.); (M.B.); (A.Ż.)
- Pomeranian-Masurian Potato Breeding Company, 76-024 Strzekęcino, Poland
| | - Anna Żywicka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (D.C.-J.); (M.B.); (A.Ż.)
| | - Daniel Styburski
- Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Peter Sobolewski
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (P.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Gorący
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (P.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Paweł Migdał
- Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Wroclaw, Borowska 211a, 50-534 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; (D.C.-J.); (M.B.); (A.Ż.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-449-6714
| |
Collapse
|