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Kumar K, Fachet M, Hoeschen C. High-Spatial-Resolution Benchtop X-ray Fluorescence Imaging through Bragg-Diffraction-Based Focusing with Bent Mosaic Graphite Crystals: A Simulation Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4733. [PMID: 38731956 PMCID: PMC11083219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) can localize diagnostic or theranostic entities utilizing nanoparticle (NP)-based probes at high resolution in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo. However, small-animal benchtop XFI systems demonstrating high spatial resolution (variable from sub-millimeter to millimeter range) in vivo are still limited to lighter elements (i.e., atomic number Z≤45). This study investigates the feasibility of focusing hard X-rays from solid-target tubes using ellipsoidal lens systems composed of mosaic graphite crystals with the aim of enabling high-resolution in vivo XFI applications with mid-Z (42≤Z≤64) elements. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to characterize the proposed focusing-optics concept and provide quantitative predictions of the XFI sensitivity, in silico tumor-bearing mice models loaded with palladium (Pd) and barium (Ba) NPs. Based on simulation results, the minimum detectable total mass of PdNPs per scan position is expected to be on the order of a few hundred nanograms under in vivo conform conditions. PdNP masses as low as 150 ng to 50 ng could be detectable with a resolution of 600 μm when imaging abdominal tumor lesions across a range of low-dose (0.8 μGy) to high-dose (8 μGy) exposure scenarios. The proposed focusing-optics concept presents a potential step toward realizing XFI with conventional X-ray tubes for high-resolution applications involving interesting NP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Fachet
- Chair of Medical Systems Technology, Institute for Medical Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (K.K.)
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Staufer T, Körnig C, Liu B, Liu Y, Lanzloth C, Schmutzler O, Bedke T, Machicote A, Parak WJ, Feliu N, Bosurgi L, Huber S, Grüner F. Enabling X-ray fluorescence imaging for in vivo immune cell tracking. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11505. [PMID: 37460665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of immune cells into sites of inflammation is one key feature of immune mediated inflammatory diseases. A detailed assessment of the in vivo dynamics of relevant cell subtypes could booster the understanding of this disease and the development of novel therapies. We show in detail how advanced X-ray fluorescence imaging enables such quantitative in vivo cell tracking, offering solutions that could pave the way beyond what other imaging modalities provide today. The key for this achievement is a detailed study of the spectral background contribution from multiple Compton scattering in a mouse-scaled object when this is scanned with a monochromatic pencil X-ray beam from a synchrotron. Under optimal conditions, the detection sensitivity is sufficient for detecting local accumulations of the labelled immune cells, hence providing experimental demonstration of in vivo immune cell tracking in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Staufer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Körnig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beibei Liu
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Lanzloth
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Bedke
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andres Machicote
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neus Feliu
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology (IAP-CAN), 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grüner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhou M, Liang S, Liu D, Ma K, Peng Y, Wang Z. Engineered Nanoprobes for Immune Activation Monitoring. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19940-19958. [PMID: 36454191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the immune system is critical for cancer immunotherapy and treatments of inflammatory diseases. Non-invasive visualization of immunoactivation is designed to monitor the dynamic nature of the immune response and facilitate the assessment of therapeutic outcomes, which, however, remains challenging. Conventional imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography, computed tomography, etc., were utilized for imaging immune-related biomarkers. To explore the dynamic immune monitoring, probes with signals correlated to biomarkers of immune activation or prognosis are urgently needed. These emerging molecular probes, which turn on the signal only in the presence of the intended biomarker, can improve the detection specificity. These probes with "turn on" signals enable non-invasive, dynamic, and real-time imaging with high sensitivity and efficiency, showing significance for multifunctionality/multimodality imaging. As a result, more and more innovative engineered nanoprobes combined with diverse imaging modalities were developed to assess the activation of the immune system. In this work, we comprehensively review the recent and emerging advances in engineered nanoprobes for monitoring immune activation in cancer or other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and discuss the potential in predicting the efficacy following treatments. Research on real-time in vivo immunoimaging is still under exploration, and this review can provide guidance and facilitate the development and application of next-generation imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongshuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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FLASHlab@PITZ: New R&D platform with unique capabilities for electron FLASH and VHEE radiation therapy and radiation biology under preparation at PITZ. Phys Med 2022; 104:174-187. [PMID: 36463582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
At the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ), an R&D platform for electron FLASH and very high energy electron radiation therapy and radiation biology is being prepared (FLASHlab@PITZ). The beam parameters available at PITZ are worldwide unique. They are based on experiences from 20 + years of developing high brightness beam sources and an ultra-intensive THz light source demonstrator for ps scale electron bunches with up to 5 nC bunch charge at MHz repetition rate in bunch trains of up to 1 ms length, currently 22 MeV (upgrade to 250 MeV planned). Individual bunches can provide peak dose rates up to 1014 Gy/s, and 10 Gy can be delivered within picoseconds. Upon demand, each bunch of the bunch train can be guided to a different transverse location, so that either a "painting" with micro beams (comparable to pencil beam scanning in proton therapy) or a cumulative increase of absorbed dose, using a wide beam distribution, can be realized at the tumor. Full tumor treatment can hence be completed within 1 ms, mitigating organ movement issues. With extremely flexible beam manipulation capabilities, FLASHlab@PITZ will cover the current parameter range of successfully demonstrated FLASH effects and extend the parameter range towards yet unexploited short treatment times and high dose rates. A summary of the plans for FLASHlab@PITZ and the status of its realization will be presented.
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Staufer T, Schulze ML, Schmutzler O, Körnig C, Welge V, Burkhardt T, Vietzke JP, Vogelsang A, Weise JM, Blatt T, Dabrowski O, Falkenberg G, Brückner D, Sanchez-Cano C, Grüner F. Assessing Cellular Uptake of Exogenous Coenzyme Q 10 into Human Skin Cells by X-ray Fluorescence Imaging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081532. [PMID: 36009252 PMCID: PMC9405069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging is a highly sensitive non-invasive imaging method for detection of small element quantities in objects, from human-sized scales down to single-cell organelles, using various X-ray beam sizes. Our aim was to investigate the cellular uptake and distribution of Q10, a highly conserved coenzyme with antioxidant and bioenergetic properties. Q10 was labeled with iodine (I2-Q10) and individual primary human skin cells were scanned with nano-focused beams. Distribution of I2-Q10 molecules taken up inside the screened individual skin cells was measured, with a clear correlation between individual Q10 uptake and cell size. Experiments revealed that labeling Q10 with iodine causes no artificial side effects as a result of the labeling procedure itself, and thus is a perfect means of investigating bioavailability and distribution of Q10 in cells. In summary, individual cellular Q10 uptake was demonstrated by XRF, opening the path towards Q10 multi-scale tracking for biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Staufer
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirja L. Schulze
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Körnig
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vivienne Welge
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Burkhardt
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Vietzke
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Vogelsang
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia M. Weise
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Blatt
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Dabrowski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Center for Applied Nanotechnology (CAN), Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Brückner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Florian Grüner
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Körnig C, Staufer T, Schmutzler O, Bedke T, Machicote A, Liu B, Liu Y, Gargioni E, Feliu N, Parak WJ, Huber S, Grüner F. In-situ x-ray fluorescence imaging of the endogenous iodine distribution in murine thyroids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2903. [PMID: 35190621 PMCID: PMC8861059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) is a non-invasive detection method of small quantities of elements, which can be excited to emit fluorescence x-ray photons upon irradiation with an incident x-ray beam. In particular, it can be used to measure nanoparticle uptake in cells and tissue, thus making it a versatile medical imaging modality. However, due to substantially increased multiple Compton scattering background in the measured x-ray spectra, its sensitivity severely decreases for thicker objects, so far limiting its applicability for tracking very small quantities under in-vivo conditions. Reducing the detection limit would enable the ability to track labeled cells, promising new insights into immune response and pharmacokinetics. We present a synchrotron-based approach for reducing the minimal detectable marker concentration by demonstrating the feasibility of XFI for measuring the yet inaccessible distribution of the endogenous iodine in murine thyroids under in-vivo conform conditions. This result can be used as a reference case for the design of future preclinical XFI applications as mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körnig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Staufer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Bedke
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andres Machicote
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beibei Liu
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Gargioni
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neus Feliu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology (CAN), Grindelallee 117, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grüner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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Multifunctional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112073. [PMID: 34769502 PMCID: PMC8584560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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