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Min M, Pérez Damonte SH, Sivamani RK. Open-label topical application of tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate and acetyl zingerone containing serum improves the appearance of photoaging and uneven pigmentation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2628-2635. [PMID: 38634176 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin photoaging and uneven pigmentation are common dermatological concerns. Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (THDA) and acetyl zingerone (AZ) are potent antioxidants that have been shown to have anti-photoaging and anti-pigmentation effects. THDA is a more stable and penetrable form of vitamin C. AZ is an antioxidant derived from ginger which has clinical evidence for improving photoaging. However, no studies have assessed how they may synergistically act on the skin. AIMS This study aims to assess whether a serum containing both THDA and AZ can improve photoaging and the appearance of uneven facial pigmentation. PATIENTS/METHODS This open-label study was conducted on 35 healthy individuals aged 21-55. All subjects were instructed to use three to five drops of the topical serum (Power-C Serum, Image Skincare, Lantana, FL) daily for 12 weeks. Videomicroscopy and high-resolution photography and various skin biophysical measurements were taken at baseline, 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Outcomes included skin tone and pigmentation, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin smoothness, firmness, and elasticity. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the results at 12 weeks revealed significant decreases in skin pigmentation (p < 0.0001), decreased fine lines and wrinkles (p < 0.0001), and increased smoothness (p < 0.0001), firmness (p < 0.0001), and elasticity (p < 0.0001). Additionally, transepidermal water loss was significantly decreased at 4 weeks compared to baseline (p = 0.01), indicating an increased epidermal barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings provide evidence for the combined use of THDA and AZ to address skin photoaging and dyspigmentation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred Min
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | | | - Raja K Sivamani
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Afzal N, Nguyen N, Min M, Egli C, Afzal S, Chaudhuri RK, Burney WA, Sivamani RK. Prospective randomized double-blind comparative study of topical acetyl zingerone with tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate versus tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate alone on facial photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2467-2477. [PMID: 38525606 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrahexydecyl ascorbate (THDA) is a lipophilic precursor to ascorbic acid that may be stabilized by acetyl zingerone (AZ). Studies have shown that the topical application of THDA may have photoprotective effects. Similarly, AZ has been shown to mitigate oxidative and inflammatory stress, thereby improving the appearance of photoaging. AIMS To examine the effects of THDA and AZ (THDA-AZ) on skin photoaging compared to THDA alone. PATIENTS/METHODS In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, healthy individuals aged 30 to 65 were included and 44 participants were randomized to receive either THDA-AZ (THDA 5% + AZ 1%) or THDA only (THDA 5%) for 8 weeks. Facial photographs were taken at 0, 4, and 8 weeks to analyze wrinkle severity, pigment intensity, and redness intensity. A skin colorimeter was used to assess infraorbital pigmentation and erythema. Self-perception of skin and tolerability were assessed through questionnaires. RESULTS Average wrinkle severity was significantly decreased in the THDA-AZ group at Weeks 4 and 8 by 0.75% (p = 0.023) and 3.72% (p = 0.048), respectively, compared to the THDA group where wrinkle severity at Weeks 4 and 8 was increased by 7.88% and 4.48%, respectively. Facial pigment intensity was significantly decreased in the THDA-AZ group by 4.10% (p = 0.0002) at Week 8 compared to a 0.69% decrease in the THDA group. Facial redness intensity was decreased in the THDA-AZ group at Weeks 4 and 8 by 3.73% (p = 0.0162) and 14.25% (p = 0.045), respectively, compared to the THDA group where at Weeks 4 and 8 erythema increased by 27.5% and 8.34%, respectively. There were no significant differences in either group for infraorbital pigmentation or erythema. CONCLUSIONS Daily use of combined THDA and AZ may improve facial wrinkle severity, pigment intensity, and erythema to a greater extent than THDA. While THDA alone increases facial wrinkle severity and erythema, the addition of AZ reduces both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasima Afzal
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nhi Nguyen
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mildred Min
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Caitlin Egli
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, University of St. George's, University Centre, Grenada
| | - Shabnam Afzal
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Waqas A Burney
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, California, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Min M, Egli C, Bartolome RA, Sivamani RK. Ex vivo Evaluation of a Liposome-Mediated Antioxidant Delivery System on Markers of Skin Photoaging and Skin Penetration. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1481-1494. [PMID: 38933604 PMCID: PMC11199168 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s461753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The topical application of antioxidants has been shown to augment the skin's innate antioxidant system and enhance photoprotection. A challenge of topical antioxidant formulation is stability and penetrability. The use of a targeted drug delivery system may improve the bioavailability and delivery of antioxidants. In this ex vivo study, we assessed the effects of the topical application of a liposome-encapsulated antioxidant complex versus a free antioxidant complex alone on skin photoaging parameters and penetrability in human skin explants. Patients and Methods Human organotypic skin explant cultures (hOSEC) were irradiated to mimic photoaging. The encapsulated antioxidant complex and free antioxidant complex were applied topically onto the irradiated hOSEC daily for 7 days. The two control groups were healthy untreated hOSEC and irradiated hOSEC. Photoprotective efficacy was measured with pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) secretion. Cell viability and metabolic activity were measured via resazurin assay. Tissue damage was evaluated via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. Skin penetration of the encapsulated antioxidant complex was assessed via fluorescent dye and confocal microscopy. Results Compared to healthy skin, irradiated skin experienced increases in IL-6, IL-8 (p < 0.05), and MMP-9 (p < 0.05) secretion. After treatment with the encapsulated antioxidant complex, there was a 39.3% reduction in IL-6 secretion, 49.8% reduction in IL-8 (p < 0.05), and 38.5% reduction in MMP-9 (p < 0.05). After treatment with the free antioxidant complex, there were no significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, or MMP-9 secretion. Neither treatment group experienced significant LDH leakage or reductions in metabolic activity. Liposomes passed through the stratum corneum and into the epidermis. Conclusion The topical application of a liposome-encapsulated antioxidant complex containing ectoin, astaxanthin-rich microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis extract, and THDA improves penetrability and restored IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9 levels in irradiated human skin explants, which was not seen in the comparator free antioxidant complex group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred Min
- Integrative Skin Science and Research Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Egli
- Integrative Skin Science and Research Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, University of St. George’s, University Centre, West Indies, Grenada
| | | | - Raja K Sivamani
- Integrative Skin Science and Research Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Widgerow AD, Ziegler ME. Vitamin C, lactoferrin and elastin-Advancing the science. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:964-969. [PMID: 38332665 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study follows an initial scientific validation linking sodium ascorbate (SAC) with elastin conservation and the clinical trial histology observation that the full formulation tested there stimulated elastin development. In an effort to explain the increased elastin response, a candidate was sought that may provide synergy to SAC during elastin stimulation. Lactoferrin was the constituent chosen to explore in this realm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the previously described ex vivo skin model, freshly collected discarded human skin from 2 donors was used to evaluate the effects of lactoferrin and SAC alone and together, and L-ascorbate CE Ferulic formulation (CEF) on elastogenesis. Four skin explants were topically subjected to the treatments daily for 7 days and one group was left untreated as a negative control. The tissue was fixed and embedded. Sections were evaluated by immunofluorescence using antibodies targeting Tropoelastin and CD44, with DAPI counterstaining to observe nuclei. Images were then analyzed using ImageJ. RESULTS Treatment with SAC and lactoferrin demonstrated a significant synergistic effect on tropoelastin stimulation compared to the single treatments. In addition, this combination demonstrated intact and increased elastin fibers in contrast to the CEF, which portrayed fragmented elastin fibers. In addition, an additive effect of SAC also contributed to the enhanced CD44, suggesting an increased presence of hyaluronic acid, a new observation for this compound. CONCLUSION This study complements a series of studies that have been undertaken to validate the efficacy of a novel antioxidant formulation. Aside from its efficacy in ROS management, the SAC constituent is unique in the different forms of Vitamin C for its ability to conserve elastin. Prior clinical studies demonstrated additive elastin stimulation on histology, not just conservation. From this current study, the combination of SAC with lactoferrin may be responsible for this additive stimulatory effect on elastin. This presents a significant advance in topical antioxidant formulations where the Vitamin C component provides antioxidant and collagen stimulation with additional elastin stimulation rather than degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Widgerow
- Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Chen X, Chen J, Miao C, Yin G, Zhang Z, Sun R, Ni S. Acetyl zingerone ameliorates osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte programmed cell death. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:202. [PMID: 37711057 PMCID: PMC10540024 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that ultimately leads to joint deformity. The pathogenesis of OA is believed to involve abnormal chondrocyte death, with ferroptosis serving a key role in chondrocyte damage. The present study investigated whether acetyl zingerone (AZ), a newly identified antioxidant derived from curcumin, can alleviate the progression of OA. To investigate this, the present study performed various experiments, including crystal violet staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. In addition, dual validation was performed using in vivo and in vitro experiments; a mouse OA model was constructed for the in vivo experiments, and chondrocytes were used for the in vitro experiments. Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery was performed to establish an OA model in mice and IL‑1β was used to induce an OA model in vitro. The results indicated that AZ may promote chondrocyte viability and the expression of extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, AZ reduced the occurrence of ferroptosis by promoting the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, inhibiting cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation, and alleviating damage to articular cartilage caused by DMM surgery. Mechanistically, the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 and heme oxygenase‑1 may be responsible for the anti‑ferroptosis effects of AZ on chondrocytes. These findings indicated that AZ may be considered a promising candidate for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Guangrong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Rongbin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Su Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Shamsabadi S, Nazer Y, Ghasemi J, Mahzoon E, Baradaran Rahimi V, Ajiboye BO, Askari VR. Promising influences of zingerone against natural and chemical toxins: A comprehensive and mechanistic review. Toxicon 2023; 233:107247. [PMID: 37562703 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Zingerone is a flavor phytochemical present in ginger, a flowering plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family used as a condiment and herbal remedy. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties and also exhibits protective effects against radiation, chemicals, biological toxins, and oxidative stress. The current comprehensive literature review was performed in order to assess the therapeutical and protective properties of zingerone against various chemical and natural toxins by considering the mechanisms of action. Extensive searches were performed on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Zingerone lessens oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). It prevents alginate production, which increases the cell's susceptibility to macrophages, serum, and antibiotics and dramatically lowers the generation of proinflammatory cytokines brought on by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine production, MAPK, and NF-κB activation are all inhibited dose-dependently by zingerone. Zingerone also reduces 8-OHdG over-expression in the liver tissue and the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-6, COX-2, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA level), decreases macrophage inflammatory protein cytokines and eliminates free radicals. It also suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 during tumor progression, showing its anti-angiogenic activity. Strong radioprotective properties of zingerone are demonstrated against radiation-induced toxicity. The authors hope this review gives researchers some insight into conducting novel clinical and preclinical studies on pharmaceutical applications and the efficiency of zingerone in cancer treatment, and drug adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yazdan Nazer
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Erfan Mahzoon
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Basiru O Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, S.E Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria; Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Meyer TA, Swindell WR, Chaudhuri RK. Acetyl Zingerone: A Photostable Multifunctional Skincare Ingredient That Combats Features of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Skin Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1168. [PMID: 37371898 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cumulative damage skin sustains from exposure to environmental stressors throughout life exerts significant effects on skin aging and cancer development. One of the main ways by which environmental stressors mediate their effects within skin is through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we chronicle the multiple properties by which acetyl zingerone (AZ) as a skincare ingredient can benefit skin (1) by helping manage overproduction of ROS through multiple routes as an antioxidant, physical quencher and selective chelator, (2) by fortifying protection after UV exposure ends to prevent the type of epidermal DNA damage that correlates with development of skin cancer, (3) by modulating matrisome activity and nurturing the integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the dermis and (4) through its proficient ability to neutralize singlet oxygen, by stabilizing the ascorbic acid precursor tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (THDC) in the dermal microenvironment. This activity improves THDC bioavailability and may blunt pro-inflammatory effects of THDC, such as activation of type I interferon signaling. Moreover, AZ is photostable and can sustain its properties during UV exposure, in contrast to α-tocopherol. All these properties of AZ translate into measurable clinical benefits to improve the visual appearance of photoaged facial skin and to strengthen the skin's own defenses against sun damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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