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Han J, Wang Z, Wu X, Xia J, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Deciphering High-Temperature-Induced Lignin Biosynthesis in Wheat through Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1832. [PMID: 38999673 PMCID: PMC11243994 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the physiological and molecular responses of the wheat mutant 'XC-MU201' under high-temperature stress through comprehensive transcriptome analysis and physiological measurements. RNA sequencing of 21 samples across seven different treatment groups revealed, through Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), 13 modules among 9071 genes closely related to high-temperature treatments. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed significant enrichment of lignin biosynthesis-related modules under high-temperature conditions, especially at the H-10DAT, H-20DAT, and H-30DAT time points. Experimental results demonstrated a significant increase in lignin content in high-temperature-treated samples, confirmed by tissue staining methods, indicating wheat's adaptation to heat damage through lignin accumulation. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (TaPAL33) was significantly upregulated under high-temperature stress, peaking at H-30DAT, suggesting its critical role in cellular defense mechanisms. Overexpression of TaPAL33 in the wheat variety 'Xinchun 11' enhanced lignin synthesis but inhibited growth. Subcellular localization of GFP-labeled TaPAL33 in tobacco cells showed its distribution mainly in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Transgenic wheat exhibited higher PAL enzyme activity, enhanced antioxidant defense, and reduced oxidative damage under high-temperature stress, outperforming wild-type wheat. These results highlight TaPAL33's key role in improving wheat heat tolerance and provide a genetic foundation for future research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Han
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Xianghu Wu
- Graduate School (Office of Academic Construction), Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jianqiang Xia
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
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Li W, Liu X, Ma Y, Huang X, Hai D, Cheng Y, Bai G, Wang Y, Zhang B, Qiao M, Song L, Li N. Changes in physio-biochemical metabolism, phenolics and antioxidant capacity during germination of different wheat varieties. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101429. [PMID: 38756466 PMCID: PMC11096995 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in physio-biochemical metabolism, phenolics and antioxidant capacity during germination were studied in eight different wheat varieties. Results showed that germination enhanced sprout growth, and caused oxidative damage, but enhanced phenolics accumulation. Ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were the main phenolic acids in wheat sprouts, and dihydroquercetin, quercetin and vitexin were the main flavonoids. The phenolic acid content of Jimai 44 was the highest on the 2th and 4th day of germination, and that of Bainong 307 was the highest on the 6th day. The flavonoid content of Hei jingang was the highest during whole germination. The enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) were up-regulated. The activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were also activated. Antioxidant capacity of wheat sprouts was enhanced. The results provided new ideas for the production of naturally sourced phenolic rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Shuanghui Investment Development Co., Ltd./Henan Intelligent Meat Segmentation and Biotransformation Engineering Research Center, Luohe 462005, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dan Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ge Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinping Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Saberi Riseh R, Fathi F, Lagzian A, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Modifying lignin: A promising strategy for plant disease control. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132696. [PMID: 38823737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer found in the cell walls of plants, providing structural support and protection against pathogens. By modifying lignin composition and structure, scientists aim to optimize plant defense responses and increase resistance to pathogens. This can be achieved through various genetic engineering techniques which involve manipulating the genes responsible for lignin synthesis. By either up regulating or down regulating specific genes, researchers can alter the lignin content, composition, or distribution in plant tissues. Reducing lignin content in specific tissues like leaves can improve the effectiveness of defense mechanisms by allowing for better penetration of antimicrobial compounds. Overall, Lignin modification through techniques has shown promising results in enhancing various plants resistance against pathogens. Furthermore, lignin modification can have additional benefits beyond pathogen resistance. It can improve biomass processing for biofuel production by reducing lignin recalcitrance, making the extraction of sugars from cellulose more efficient. The complexity of lignin biosynthesis and its interactions with other plant components make it a challenging target for modification. Additionally, the potential environmental impact and regulatory considerations associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) require careful evaluation. Ongoing research aims to further optimize this approach and develop sustainable solutions for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Fariba Fathi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Lagzian
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Neyshabouri FA, Ghotbi-Ravandi AA, Shariatmadari Z, Tohidfar M. Cadmium toxicity promotes hormonal imbalance and induces the expression of genes involved in systemic resistances in barley. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00597-y. [PMID: 38615113 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed pollutant that adversely affects plants' metabolism and productivity. Phytohormones play a vital role in the acclimation of plants to metal stress. On the other hand, phytohormones trigger systemic resistances, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR), in plants in response to biotic interactions. The present study aimed to investigate the possible induction of SAR and ISR pathways in relation to the hormonal alteration of barley seedlings in response to Cd stress. Barley seedlings were exposed to 1.5 mg g-1 Cd in the soil for three days. The nutrient content, oxidative status, phytohormones profile, and expression of genes involved in SAR and ISR pathways of barley seedlings were examined. Cd accumulation resulted in a reduction in the nutrient content of barley seedlings. The specific activity of superoxide dismutase and the hydrogen peroxide content significantly increased in response to Cd toxicity. Abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene content increased under Cd exposure. Cd treatment resulted in the upregulation of NPR1, PR3, and PR13 genes in SAR pathways. The transcripts of PAL1 and LOX2.2 genes in the ISR pathway were also significantly increased in response to Cd treatment. These findings suggest that hormonal-activated systemic resistances are involved in the response of barley to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alzahra Neyshabouri
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Shariatmadari
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Sahu AK, Kumari P, Mittra B. Immunocompromisation of wheat host by L-BSO and 2,4-DPA induces susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:21. [PMID: 38592414 PMCID: PMC11004106 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Susceptibility is defined as the disruption of host defence systems that promotes infection or limits pathogenicity. Glutathione (GSH) is a major component of defence signalling pathways that maintain redox status and is synthesised by γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-ECS). On the other hand, lignin acts as a barrier in the primary cell wall of vascular bundles (VBs) synthesised by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the intracellular system of plants. In this study, we used two inhibitors, such as L-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), which irreversibly inhibits γ-ECS, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (DPA), which reduces PAL activity and leads to the induction of oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings after exposure to Fusarium oxysporum. Seedlings treated with 1 mM L-BSO and 2,4-DPA showed high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl (CO) content, and low activity of antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)] as compared to wild-type (WT) seedlings under F. oxysporum infection. Further, the content of reduced glutathione (RGSH), ascorbate (ASC), and lignin was decreased in BSO and DPA treated seedlings as compared to WT seedlings during Fusarium infection. Moreover, treatment with BSO and DPA significantly inhibited the relative activity of γ-ECS and PAL (P ≤ 0.001) in WT seedlings during Fusarium infection, which led to disintegrated VBs and, finally, cell death. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of γ-ECS and PAL by BSO and DPA, respectively, disrupts the defence mechanisms of wheat seedlings and induces susceptibility to F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya Kumar Sahu
- P.G. Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, VyasaVihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
| | - Punam Kumari
- P.G. Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, VyasaVihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India.
| | - Bhabatosh Mittra
- P.G. Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, VyasaVihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
- MITS School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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Maslennikova D, Ivanov S, Petrova S, Burkhanova G, Maksimov I, Lastochkina O. Components of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in the Implementation of the Protective Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside on Wheat under Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112123. [PMID: 37299102 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional, gaseous signaling molecule implicated in both physiological and protective responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salinity. In this work, we studied the effects of 200 µM exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) on the components of the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as lignin and salicylic acid (SA), and its relationship with wheat seedling growth under normal and salinity (2% NaCl) conditions. It was established that exogenous SNP contributed to the accumulation of endogenous SA and increased the level of transcription of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) gene. It was found that endogenous SA played an important role in the growth-stimulating effect of SNP, as evidenced by the growth parameters. In addition, under the influence of SNP, the activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), and peroxidase (POD), an increase in the level of transcription of the TaPAL and TaPRX genes, and the acceleration of lignin accumulation in the cell walls of roots were revealed. Such an increase in the barrier properties of the cell walls during the period of preadaptation played an important role in protection against salinity stress. Salinity led to significant SA accumulation and lignin deposition in the roots, strong activation of TAL, PAL, and POD, and suppression of seedling growth. Pretreatment with SNP under salinity conditions resulted in additional lignification of the root cell walls, decreased stress-induced endogenous SA generation, and lower PAL, TAL, and POD activities in comparison to untreated stressed plants. Thus, the obtained data suggested that during pretreatment with SNP, phenylpropanoid metabolism was activated (i.e., lignin and SA), which contributed to reducing the negative effects of salinity stress, as evidenced by the improved plant growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Maslennikova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, 69 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Svetlana Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, 69 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Burkhanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Igor Maksimov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Luo Y, Chang Y, Li C, Wang Y, Cui H, Jin M, Wang Z, Li Y. Shading decreases lodging resistance of wheat under different planting densities by altering lignin monomer composition of stems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1056193. [PMID: 36466230 PMCID: PMC9714359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the influences of shading stress and planting density on the lignin monomer composition of wheat stems and their relationship with lodging resistance, Lodging resistant variety Shannong 23 (SN23) and lodging sensitive variety Shannong 16 (SN16) were grown during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. The planting densities were 150 × 104 plants ha-1 (D1), 225 × 104 plants ha-1 (D2) and 300 × 104 plants ha-1 (D3). At the jointing stage, an artificial shading shed was used to simulate shading stress. Then the effects of shading on stem morphological characteristics, lignin monomer composition and lodging resistance of wheat under different planting densities were studied. Results indicate that shading at the jointing stage increased the length of basal internodes and the plant height and moved the height of center of gravity (CG) upward. Moreover, the stem diameter and the wall thickness decreased by 0.10-0.53 mm and 0.18-0.40 mm, respectively. The stem filling degree was reduced accordingly. As indicated by the correlation analysis and the stepwise regression analysis, shading-induced lodging mainly resulted from changes in the stem morphological characteristics and lignin accumulation. The influential magnitude of these factors was ordered as follows: stem filling degree, wall thickness, lignin content, contents and proportions of monomers S and H, and length of the second internode. The expression abundance of TaPAL, TaCOMT, TaCCR, and TaCAD declined in response to shading stress and high planting density. As a result, the distribution ratios of photosynthetic carbon sources to lignin monomers S, G and H were changed. The lignin content of stems on the day 42 after the jointing stage decreased by 18.48%. The monomer S content decreased, while the content and proportion of monomer H increased, thus weakening the breaking strength of wheat stems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Li
- *Correspondence: Yong Li, ; Zhenlin Wang,
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Zhao X, Niu Y, Bai X, Mao T. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling Reveals a Lignin Metabolism Network Involved in Mesocotyl Elongation during Maize Seed Germination. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081034. [PMID: 35448762 PMCID: PMC9027596 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is an important factor affecting agricultural traits. The mechanism of lignin metabolism in maize (Zea mays) mesocotyl elongation was investigated during seed germination. Maize seeds were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and brassinazole stimulation under 3 and 20 cm deep-seeding stress. Mesocotyl transcriptome sequencing together with targeted metabolomics analysis and physiological measurements were employed in two contrasting genotypes. Our results revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. There were 153 DEGs for lignin biosynthesis pathway, 70 DEGs for peroxisome pathway, and 325 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) of MYB, NAC, WRKY, and LIM were identified in all comparisons, and highly interconnected network maps were generated among multiple TFs (MYB and WRKY) and DEGs for lignin biosynthesis and peroxisome biogenesis. This caused p-coumaraldehyde, p-coumaryl alcohol, and sinapaldehyde down-accumulation,
however, caffeyl aldehyde and caffeyl alcohol up-accumulation. The sum/ratios of H-, S-, and G-lignin monomers was also altered, which decreased total lignin formation and accumulation, resulting in cell wall rigidity decreasing. As a result, a significant elongation of maize mesocotyl was detected under deep-seeding stress and EBR signaling. These findings provide information on the molecular mechanisms controlling maize seedling emergence under deep-seeding stress and will aid in the breeding of deep-seeding maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.N.); Tel.: +86-183-9415-8662 (X.Z.); +86-139-1913-0638 (Y.N.)
| | - Yining Niu
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.N.); Tel.: +86-183-9415-8662 (X.Z.); +86-139-1913-0638 (Y.N.)
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