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J B, M M, G BM, K T, C J, D N. Extracellular vesicles from senescent mesenchymal stromal cells are defective and cannot prevent osteoarthritis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:255. [PMID: 38755672 PMCID: PMC11097483 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor in degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), which is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells in the joints. Here, we aimed to assess the impact of senescence on the therapeutic properties of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human fat mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) in OA. We generated a model of DNA damage-induced senescence in ASCs using etoposide and characterized EVs isolated from their conditioned medium (CM). Senescent ASCs (S-ASCs) produced 3-fold more EVs (S-EVs) with a slightly bigger size and that contain 2-fold less total RNA. Coculture experiments showed that S-ASCs were as efficient as healthy ASCs (H-ASCs) in improving the phenotype of OA chondrocytes cultured in resting conditions but were defective when chondrocytes were proliferating. S-EVs were also impaired in their capacity to polarize synovial macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. A differential protein cargo mainly related to inflammation and senescence was detected in S-EVs and H-EVs. Using the collagenase-induced OA model, we found that contrary to H-EVs, S-EVs could not protect mice from cartilage damage and joint calcifications, and were less efficient in protecting subchondral bone degradation. In addition, S-EVs induced a pro-catabolic and pro-inflammatory gene signature in the joints of mice shortly after injection, while H-EVs decreased hypertrophic, catabolic and inflammatory pathways. In conclusion, S-EVs are functionally impaired and cannot protect mice from developing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boulestreau J
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34295, France
| | - Maumus M
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34295, France
| | - Bertolino M G
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34295, France
| | - Toupet K
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34295, France
| | - Jorgensen C
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34295, France
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Noël D
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1183, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34295, France.
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Ma K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou L, Li M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: bridging inflammation and obesity-associated adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381227. [PMID: 38638434 PMCID: PMC11024263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant global health challenge, increasing the susceptibility to chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Within the context of obesity, lipid metabolism, adipose tissue formation, and inflammation are intricately linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ERS modulates metabolism, insulin signaling, inflammation, as well as cell proliferation and death through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Serving as a crucial nexus, ERS bridges the functionality of adipose tissue and the inflammatory response. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms by which ERS impacts adipose tissue function and inflammation in obesity, aiming to offer insights into targeting ERS for ameliorating metabolic dysregulation in obesity-associated chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Min Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Liu J, Xu L, Wang L, Wang Q, Yu L, Zhang S. Naringin Alleviates Intestinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced PAR2 Activation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae071. [PMID: 38557865 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis characterized by intestinal strictures is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD), without specific antifibrotic drugs, which usually relies on surgical intervention. The transcription factor XBP1, a key component of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, is required for degranulation of mast cells and linked to PAR2 activation and fibrosis. Many studies have confirmed that naringin (NAR) can inhibit ER stress and reduce organ fibrosis. We hypothesized that ER stress activated the PAR2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by stimulating mast cell degranulation to release tryptase and led to intestinal fibrosis in CD patients; NAR might play an antifibrotic role by inhibiting ER stress-induced PAR2 activation. We report that the expression levels of XBP1, mast cell tryptase, and PAR2 are upregulated in fibrotic strictures of CD patients. Molecular docking simulates the interaction of NAR and spliced XBP1. ER stress stimulates degranulation of mast cells to secrete tryptase, activates PAR2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, and promotes intestinal fibrosis in vitro and vivo experiments, which is inhibited by NAR. Moreover, F2rl1 (the coding gene of PAR2) deletion in intestinal epithelial cells decreases the antifibrotic effect of NAR. Hence, the ER stress-mast cell tryptase-PAR2 axis can promote intestinal fibrosis, and NAR administration can alleviate intestinal fibrosis by inhibiting ER stress-induced PAR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huangshi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hubei Chinese Medical University, Huangshi, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Yu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Tanaka S, Yamamoto T, Iwata A, Kiuchi M, Kokubo K, Iinuma T, Sugiyama T, Hanazawa T, Hirahara K, Ikeda K, Nakajima H. Single-cell RNA sequencing of submandibular gland reveals collagen type XV-positive fibroblasts as a disease-characterizing cell population of IgG4-related disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:55. [PMID: 38378635 PMCID: PMC10877852 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology, affecting single/multiple organ(s). Pathological findings include the infiltration of IgG4-producing plasma cells, obliterative phlebitis, and storiform fibrosis. Although immunological studies have shed light on the dysregulation of lymphocytes in IgG4-RD pathogenesis, the role of non-immune cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the demographics and characteristics of non-immune cells in IgG4-RD and explore potential biomarkers derived from non-immune cells in the sera. METHODS We conducted single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) on non-immune cells isolated from submandibular glands of IgG4-RD patients. We focused on fibroblasts expressing collagen type XV and confirmed the presence of those fibroblasts using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we measured the levels of collagen type XV in the sera of IgG4-RD patients. RESULTS The scRNA-seq analysis revealed several distinct clusters consisting of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, ductal cells, and muscle cells. Differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of COL15A1 in IgG4-RD fibroblasts compared to control subjects. Notably, COL15A1-positive fibroblasts exhibited a distinct transcriptome compared to COL15A1-negative counterparts. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a significant presence of collagen type XV-positive fibroblasts in IgG4-RD patients. Furthermore, immune-suppressive therapy in active IgG4-RD patients resulted in decreased serum levels of collagen type XV. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that collagen type XV-producing fibroblasts may represent a disease-characterizing non-immune cell population in IgG4-RD and hold potential as a disease-monitoring marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Iinuma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sugiyama
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Ikeda
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Rheumatology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Mibu, 321 - 0293, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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He Y, Gang B, Zhang M, Bai Y, Wan Z, Pan J, Liu J, Liu G, Gu W. ACE2 improves endothelial cell function and reduces acute lung injury by downregulating FAK expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111535. [PMID: 38246001 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and increased adhesion of immune inflammatory cells to ECs crucially contribute to acute lung injury (ALI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an essential regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and exerts characteristic vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects. SARS-COV-2 infects the lungs by binding to ACE2, which can lead to dysregulation of ACE2 expression, further leading to ALI with predominantly vascular inflammation and eventually to more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, restoration of ACE2 expression represents a valuable therapeutic approach for SARS-COV-2-related ALI/ARDS. In this study, we used polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), a double-stranded RNA analog, to construct a mouse ALI model that mimics virus infection. After Poly(I:C) exposure, ACE2 was downregulated in mouse lung tissues and in cultured ECs. Treatment with DIZE, an ACE2-activating compound, upregulated ACE2 expression and relieved ALI in mice. DIZE also improved barrier function and reduced the number of THP-1 monocytes adhering to cultured ECs. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated FAK (p-FAK) levels were increased in lung tissues of ALI mice as well as in Poly(I:C)-treated ECs in vitro. Both DIZE and the FAK inhibitor PF562271 decreased FAK/p-FAK expression in both ALI models, attenuating ALI severity in vivo and increasing barrier function and reducing monocyte adhesion in cultured ECs. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using ANG 1-7 and the MAS inhibitor A779 corroborated that DIZE-mediated ACE2 activation stimulated the activity of the ANG 1-7/MAS axis, which inhibited FAK/p-FAK expression in the mouse lung. These findings provide further evidence that activation of ACE2 in ECs may be a valuable therapeutic strategy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Baocai Gang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Yuting Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Jiesong Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China.
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Li S, Zhao J, Han G, Zhang X, Li N, Zhang Z. Silicon dioxide-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress of alveolar macrophages and its role on the formation of silicosis fibrosis: a review article. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1024-1033. [PMID: 38145097 PMCID: PMC10734631 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a chronic lung inflammatory disease induced by long-term inhalation of high concentrations of silicon dioxide (SiO2), characterized by pulmonary fibrosis. Inhalation of silica invades alveolar macrophages (AMs) and changes the micro-environment of the cell, resulting in abnormal morphology and dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Once beyond the range of cell regulation, the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) will occur, which will lead to cell damage, necrosis, and apoptosis, eventually causing silicosis fibrosis through various mechanisms. This is a complex and delicate process accompanied by various macrophage-derived cytokines. Unfortunately, the details have not been systematically summarized yet. In this review, we systematically introduce the basic two processes: the process of inducing ERS by inhaling SiO2 and the process of inducing pulmonary fibrosis by ERS. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the above two sequential events is also be discussed. We conclude that the ERS of alveolar macrophages caused by silica dust are involved deeply in the pathogenesis of silicosis. Therefore, changing the states of SiO2-induced ERS of macrophage may be an attractive therapeutic target for silicosis fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road 45, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road 45, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Baotong west Street 7166, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guizhi Han
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road 45, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road 45, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
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Jin B, Wang J, Chen Y, Zuo W, Hong B, Li J, Huang F, Zhang M, Wang Y. Focal adhesion kinase induces cardiac remodeling through NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110280. [PMID: 37216798 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia-induced chronic inflammation is a crucial risk factor that causes undesirable cardiac alternations in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that primarily regulates cell adhesion and migration. Based on recent studies, FAK is involved in inflammatory signaling pathway activation in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we evaluated the possibility of FAK as a therapeutic target for DCM. METHODS A small molecular selective FAKinhibitor, PND-1186 (PND), was used to evaluate the effect of FAK on DCM in both high glucose-stimulated cardiomyocytes and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice. RESULTS Increased FAK phosphorylation was found in the hearts of STZ-induced T1DM mice. PND treatment significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic markers in cardiac specimens of diabetic mice. Notably, these reductions were correlated with improved cardiac systolic function. Furthermore, PND suppressed transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation in the hearts of diabetic mice. Cardiomyocytes were identified as the main contributor to FAK-mediated cardiac inflammation and the involvement of FAK in cultured primary mouse cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells was identified. Both FAK inhibition or FAK deficiency prevented hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses in cardiomyocytes owing to the inhibition of NF-κB. Herein, FAK activation was revealed to FAK directly binding to TAK1, leading to activation of TAK1 and downstream NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS FAK is a key regulator of diabetes-associated myocardial inflammatory injury by directly targeting to TAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengpei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Jääskeläinen I, Petäistö T, Mirzarazi Dahagi E, Mahmoodi M, Pihlajaniemi T, Kaartinen MT, Heljasvaara R. Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051412. [PMID: 37239083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Excess adipose tissue (AT) often leads to its malfunction and to a systemic metabolic dysfunction because, in addition to storing lipids, AT is an active endocrine system. Adipocytes are embedded in a unique extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to the cells as well as participating in the regulation of their functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. Adipocytes have a thin pericellular layer of a specialized ECM, referred to as the basement membrane (BM), which is an important functional unit that lies between cells and tissue stroma. Collagens form a major group of proteins in the ECM, and some of them, especially the BM-associated collagens, support AT functions and participate in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In pathological conditions such as obesity, AT often proceeds to fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of large collagen bundles, which disturbs the natural functions of the AT. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the vertebrate collagens that are important for AT development and function and include basic information on some other important ECM components, principally fibronectin, of the AT. We also briefly discuss the function of AT collagens in certain metabolic diseases in which they have been shown to play central roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Jääskeläinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi Dahagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Mahdokht Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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9
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IGFBP2 derived from PO-MSCs promote epithelial barrier destruction by activating FAK signaling in nasal polyps. iScience 2023; 26:106151. [PMID: 36866245 PMCID: PMC9972572 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal polyps (NPs) microenvironment comprises multiple cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) plays crucial roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and more. However, the role of NPs-derived MSCs (PO-MSCs) and IGFBP2 in NPs pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Herein, primary human nasal epithelial cells (pHNECs) and MSCs were extracted and cultured. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble proteins were isolated to investigate the role of PO-MSCs on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epithelial barrier function in NPs. Our data showed that IGFBP2, but not EVs from PO-MSCs (PO-MSCs-EVs), exhibited a crucial role in EMT and barrier destruction. Moreover, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway is necessary for IGFBP2 to exert its functions in human and mice nasal epithelial mucosa. Altogether, these findings may improve the current understanding of the role of PO-MSCs in NPs microenvironment and ultimately contribute to the prevention and treatment of NPs.
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10
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Zhang X, Jin X, Li Y, Xu M, Yao Y, Liu K, Ma C, Zhang Y, Ru J, He Y, Gao J. Macrophage-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling after fat grafting in nude mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22550. [PMID: 36098482 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200037r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical unpredictability and variability following fat grafting remain non-negligible problems due to the unknown mechanism of grafted fat retention. The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which renders cells with structural and biochemical support, has been ignored. This study aimed to clarify the ECM remodeling process, related cellular events, and the spatiotemporal relationship between ECM remodeling and adipocyte survival and adipogenesis after fat grafting. Labeled Coleman fat by the matrix-tracing technique was grafted in nude mice. The ECM remodeling process and cellular events were assessed in vivo. The related cytokines were evaluated by qRT-PCR. An in vitro cell migration assay was performed to verify the chemotactic effect of M2-like macrophages on fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that in the periphery, most of the adipocytes of the graft survived or regenerated, and the graft-derived ECM was gradually replaced by the newly-formed ECM. In the central parts, most adipocytes in the grafts died shortly after, and a small part of the graft-derived and newly-formed ECM was expressed with irregular morphology. Adipose ECM remodeling is associated with increased infiltration of macrophages and fibroblasts, as well as up-regulated expression of cytokines in the adipose tissue. To sum up, our results describe the various preservation mode of fat grafts after transplantation and underscore the importance of macrophage-mediated ECM remodeling in graft preservation after fat grafting. The appreciation and manipulation of underlying mechanisms that are operant in this setting stand to explore new therapeutic approaches and improve clinical outcomes of fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mimi Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chijuan Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangjiang Ru
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfan He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Translation from Microgravity Research to Earth Application. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910995. [PMID: 36232297 PMCID: PMC9569622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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CCN1/Integrin α 5β 1 Instigates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Hepatocyte Lipid Accumulation and Pyroptosis through NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183871. [PMID: 36145246 PMCID: PMC9505842 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia with high blood levels of free fatty acids (FFA) is the leading cause of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. CCN1 is a secreted matricellular protein that drives various cellular functions, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. However, its role in mediating FFA-induced pro-inflammatory cell death and its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that CCN1 was upregulated in the livers of obese mice. The increase in FFA-induced CCN1 was evaluated in vitro by treating hepatocytes with a combination of oleic acid and palmitic acid (2:1). Gene silencing using specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA) revealed that CCN1 participated in FFA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, caspase-1 activation, and hepatocyte pyroptosis. Next, we identified integrin α5β1 as a potential receptor of CCN1. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the binding between CCN1 and integrin α5β1 increased in hepatocytes upon FFA stimulation in the livers of obese mice. Similarly, the protein levels of integrin α5 and β1 were increased in vitro and in vivo. Experiments with specific siRNAs confirmed that integrin α5β1 played a part in FFA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis in hepatocytes. In conclusion, these results provide novel evidence that the CCN1/integrin α5β1 is a novel mediator that drives hepatic lipotoxicity via NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis.
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