1
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, Nageeb AM, Ghannam IAY. Diphenyl urea-benzylidene acetohydrazide hybrids as fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 inhibitors and anticancer agents. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22249. [PMID: 39180323 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular hybridization between diphenyl urea and benzylidene acetohydrazide was adopted for the design of a new series of FGFR-1 targeting cancer. The designed series was synthesized and submitted to NCI-USA to be screened for their growth inhibitory activity on NCI cancer cell lines. Some of the synthesized hybrids displayed promising growth inhibitory activity on NCI cancer cell lines with a mean GI% between 70.39% and a lethal effect. Compounds 9a, 9i, 9j, and 9n-p were further selected for a five-dose assay and all the tested candidates showed promising antiproliferative activity with GI50 reaching the submicromolar range. Encouraged by the potent activity of 9a on colon cancer on the one hand and the well-known overexpression of FGFR-1 in it on the other hand, it was further selected as a representative example to be evaluated for its mechanism on the cell cycle and apoptosis of HCT116 cell line. Interestingly, 9a was found to pause the cell cycle of the HCT116 cell line at the G1 phase and induced late apoptosis. In parallel, all the synthesized hybrids 9a-p were examined for their potential to inhibit FGFR-1 at 10 µM. Compounds 9a, 9g, 9h, and 9p were found to have potent inhibitory activity with % inhibition = 63.04%, 58.31%, 60.87% and 79.84%, respectively. Molecular docking simulation of 9a in the binding pocket of FGFR-1 confirms its capability to achieve the characteristic interactions of the type II FGFR-1 inhibitors. Exploration of the ADME properties of 9a-p by SwissADME web tool proved their satisfactory physicochemical properties for the discovery of new anticancer hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M Nageeb
- High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Technology Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Hassan RM, Ali IH, El Kerdawy AM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Ghannam IAY. Novel benzenesulfonamides as dual VEGFR2/FGFR1 inhibitors targeting breast cancer: Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107728. [PMID: 39178704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a new series of benzenesulfonamides 6a-r was designed and synthesized as dual VEGFR-2 and FGFR1 kinase inhibitors with anti-cancer activity. The 4-trifluoromethyl benzenesulfonamide 6l exhibited the highest dual VEGFR-2/FGFR1 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.025 and 0.026 µM, respectively. It showed a higher activity than sorafenib and staurosporine by 1.8- and 1.3-fold, respectively. Furthermore, compound 6l was further tested on EGFR and PDGFR-β kinases showing IC50 values of 0.106 and 0.077 µM, respectively. The target compounds were tested for their anticancer activity against NCI-60 panel of cancer cell lines at 10 µM concentration, where compound 6l displayed the highest mean growth inhibition percent % (GI%) of 60.38%. Compounds 6a, 6b, 6e, 6f, 6h-l, and 6n-r revealed promising GI% on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T-47D, and MDA-MB-231), and were subjected to IC50 determination on these cell lines. The tested compounds showed a higher activity on T-47D and MCF-7 cell lines over MDA-MB-231 cell line compared to the used reference standard; sorafenib. Compounds 6e, 6h-j, 6l and 6o revealed IC50 values ≤ 20 µM against T-47D cell line, furthermore, they were found to be non-cytotoxic on Vero normal cell line. Furthermore, the effect of the most active compounds 6i, and 6l in T-47D cells on cell cycle analysis progression, cell apoptosis, and apoptosis markers was investigated. Both compounds arrested cell cycle progression at G1 phase, furthermore, they enhanced early and late apoptosis, as well as necrosis. The capability of compounds 6i, and 6l to induce apoptosis was further confirmed by their ability to raise BAX/BCl-2 ratio and caspase-3 level in the treated cells. Cell migration assay revealed that both compounds 6i and 6l have anti-migratory effects compared to control T-47D cells after 24, and 48 h. Molecular docking studies for compounds 6a-r on VEGFR-2 and FGFR1 binding sites showed that they exhibit an analogous binding mode in both target kinases which agrees with that of type II kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam H Ali
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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3
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, Syam YM, Abd El-Ghany MS, Abd El-Karim SS. Benzimidazole-oxindole hybrids: A novel class of selective dual CDK2 and GSK-3β inhibitors of potent anticancer activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2300721. [PMID: 39041665 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A new series of benzimidazole-oxindole hybrids 8a-x was discovered as dual cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2) and glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3β) inhibitors with potent anticancer activity. The synthesized hits displayed potent anticancer activity against national cancer institute cancer cell lines in single-dose and five-dose assays. Moreover, the derivatives 8k, 8l, 8n, 8o, and 8p demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against PANC-1 cells with IC50 = 1.88-2.79 µM. In addition, the hybrids 8l, 8n, 8o, and 8p displayed potent antiproliferative activity on the MG-63 cell line (IC50 = 0.99-1.90 µM). Concurrently, the benzimidazole-oxindole hybrid 8v exhibited potent dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.04 and 0.021 µM, respectively. In addition, 8v displayed more than 10-fold higher selectivity toward CDK2 and GSK-3 β over CDK1, CDK5, GSK-3α, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, and B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma. Screening of the effect of 8n and 8v on the cell cycle and apoptosis of PANC-1 and MG-63 cells displayed their ability to arrest their cell cycle at the G2-M phase and to potentiate the apoptosis of both cell lines. In silico docking of the benzimidazole-oxindole hybrid 8v into the catalytic pocket of both CDK2 and GSK-3β revealed its perfect fitting through the formation of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the key amino acids in the binding sites. In addition, in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion studies proved that 8a-x exhibit satisfactory drug-likeness properties for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Syam
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Somaia S Abd El-Karim
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Hagar FF, Abbas SH, Atef E, Abdelhamid D, Abdel-Aziz M. Benzimidazole scaffold as a potent anticancer agent with different mechanisms of action (2016-2023). Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10907-8. [PMID: 39031290 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Benzimidazole scaffolds have potent anticancer activity due to their structure similarity to nucleoside. In addition, benzimidazoles could function as hydrogen donors or acceptors and bind to different drug targets that participate in cancer progression. The literature had many anticancer agents containing benzimidazole cores that gained much interest. Provoked by our endless interest in benzimidazoles as anticancer agents, we summarized the successful trials of the benzimidazole scaffolds in this concern. Moreover, we discuss the substantial opportunities in cancer treatment using benzimidazole-based drugs that may direct medicinal chemists for a compelling future design of more active chemotherapeutic agents with potential clinical applications. The uniqueness of this work lies in the highlighted benzimidazole scaffold hybridization with different molecules and benzimidazole-metal complexes, detailed mechanisms of action, and the IC50 of the developed compounds determined by different laboratories after 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Fouad Hagar
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Eman Atef
- College of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
- Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ohio, USA.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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5
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Zahran SS, Ragab FA, Soliman AM, El-Gazzar MG, Mahmoud WR, Ghorab MM. Utility of sulfachloropyridazine in the synthesis of novel anticancer agents as antiangiogenic and apoptotic inducers. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107411. [PMID: 38733747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In a search for new anticancer agents with better activity and selectivity, the present work described the synthesis of several new series of sulfachloropyridazine hybrids with thiocarbamates 3a-e, thioureids 4a-h, 5a-e and 4-substituted sulfachloropyridazines 6a, b, 7a, b and 8. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines in one dose assay. The most potent derivatives 3a, 3c, 4c, 4d, 5e, 7a and 7b were tested for their antiangiogenic activity by measuring their ability to inhibit VEGFR-2. The most potent compounds in VEGFR-2 inhibitory assay were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit PDGFR. In addition, the ability of 4c compound to inhibit cell migration on HUVEC cells and cell cycle effect on UO-31 cells has been studied. The pro-apoptotic effect of compound 4c was studied by the evaluation of caspase-3, Bax and BCl-2. Alternatively, the IC50 of compounds 3a, 3c, 4c, 5e, 7a and 7b against certain human cancer cell lines were determined. Re-evaluation in combination with γ-radiation was carried out for compounds 4c, 5e and 7b to study the possible synergistic effect on cytotoxicity. Docking studies of the most active compounds were performed to give insights into the binding mode within VEGFR-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally S Zahran
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Ragab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
| | - Marwa G El-Gazzar
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
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6
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Zhang P, Shi C, Dong T, Song J, Du G. The anticancer therapeutic potential of pyrimidine-sulfonamide hybrids. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:905-924. [PMID: 38624011 PMCID: PMC11249161 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer as a devastating malignancy, seriously threatens human life and health, but most chemotherapeutics have long been criticized for unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy due to drug resistance and severe off-target toxicity. Pyrimidines, including fused pyrimidines, are privileged scaffolds for various biological cancer targets and are the most important class of metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Pyrimidine-sulfonamide hybrids can act on different targets in cancer cells simultaneously and possess potent activity against various cancers, revealing that hybridization of pyrimidine with sulfonamide is a promising approach to generate novel effective anticancer candidates. This review aims to summarize the recent progress of pyrimidine-sulfonamide hybrids with anticancer potential, covering papers published from 2020 to present, to facilitate further rational design of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Emergency Intensive Care Medicine Department, Zibo 148 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255000, PR China
| | - Congcong Shi
- Zibo Vocational Institute College of Medical Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255000, PR China
| | - Tongbao Dong
- Zibo Vocational Institute College of Medical Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255000, PR China
| | - Juntao Song
- Hematology & Oncology Department, Zibo 148 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255000, PR China
| | - Gang Du
- Emergency Intensive Care Medicine Department, Zibo 148 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd, Zibo, Shandong Province, 255000, PR China
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7
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Hassan RM, Abd El-Maksoud MS, Ghannam IAY, El-Azzouny AAS, Aboul-Enein MN. Synthetic non-toxic anti-biofilm agents as a strategy in combating bacterial resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115867. [PMID: 37866335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous increase in the bacterial resistance to the available antibiotics is a serious problem for the treatment of various infections. Biofilm formation in bacteria significantly contributes to the bacterial survival in host cells, and is considered as an crucial factor, responsible for bacterial resistance. The response of the bacterial cells in the biofilm to antibiotics is completely different from that of the free floating planktonic cells of the same strain. The anti-biofilm agents that could inhibit the biofilm production without affecting the bacterial growth, apply less selective pressure over the bacterial strains than the traditional antibiotics; thus the development of bacterial resistance would be of low incidence. Many attempts have been performed to discover novel agents capable of interfering with the bacterial biofilm life cycle, and several compounds have shown promising activities in suppressing the biofilm production or in dispersing mature existing biofilms. This review describes the different chemical classes that have anti-biofilm effects against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria without affecting the bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mohamed Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Samir Abd El-Maksoud
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman Ahmed Youssef Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Aida Abdel-Sattar El-Azzouny
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabil Aboul-Enein
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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8
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Al-Sanea MM, Abdel-Maksoud MS, El-Behairy MF, Hamdi A, Ur Rahman H, Parambi DGT, Elbargisy RM, Mohamed AAB. Anti-inflammatory effect of 3-fluorophenyl pyrimidinylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as p38α inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106716. [PMID: 37459825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the anti-inflammatory effect of 30 compounds containing 3-fluorophenyl pyrimidinylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole was investigated. All final target compounds showed significant Inhibitory effect on p38α. P38α is considered one of the key kinases in the inflammatory process due to its regulatory effect on pro-inflammatory mediators. The final target compounds divided into four group based on the type of terminal moiety (amide and sulfonamide) and the linker between pyrimidine ring and terminal moiety (ethyl and propyl). Most compounds with terminal sulfonamide moiety and propyl linker between the sulfonamide and pyrimidine ring were the most potent among all synthesized final target compounds with sub-micromolar IC50s. Compound 24g (with p-Cl benzene sulfonamide and propyl linker) exhibited the highest activity over P38α with IC50 0.68 µM. All final target compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide release and prostaglandin E2 production. Compounds having amide terminal moiety with ethyl linker showed higher inhibitory activity for nitric oxide release and compound 21d exhibited the highest activity for nitric oxide release with IC50 1.21 µM. Compounds with terminal sulfonamide moiety and propyl linker showed the highest activity for inhibiting PGE2 production and compounds 24i and 24g had the lowest IC50s with value 0.87 and 0.89 µM, respectively. Compounds 21d, 22d and 24g were tested for their ability to inhibit over expression of iNOS, COX1, and COX2. In addition the ability of compounds 21d, 22d and 24g to inhibit inflammatory cytokines were determined. Finally molecular docking of the three compounds were performed on P38α crystal structure to expect their mode of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Farrag El-Behairy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufiya 32897, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Hamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hidayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Della G T Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab M Elbargisy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A B Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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9
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Maji L, Teli G, Raghavendra NM, Sengupta S, Pal R, Ghara A, Matada GSP. An updated literature on BRAF inhibitors (2018-2023). Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10699-3. [PMID: 37470921 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BRAF is the most common serine-threonine protein kinase and regulates signal transduction from RAS to MEK inside the cell. The BRAF is a highly active isoform of RAF kinase. BRAF has two domains such as regulatory and kinase domains. The BRAF inhibitors bind in the c-terminus of the kinase domain and inhibit the downstream pathways. The mutation occurs mainly in the A-loop of the kinase domain. The mutation occurs due to a conversion of valine to glutamate/lysine/arginine/aspartic acid at 600th position. Among the diverse mutations, BRAFV600E is the most common and responsible for numerous cancer such as melanoma, colorectal, ovarian, and thyroid cancer. Due to mutations in RAC1, loss of PTEN, NF1, CCND1, USP28-FBW7 complex, COT overexpression, and CCND1 amplification, the BRAF kinase enzyme developed resistance over the commercially available BRAF inhibitors. There is still unmute urgence for the development of BRAF inhibitors to overcome the persistent limitation such as resistance, mutation, and adverse effects of drugs. In the current study, we described the structure, activation, downstream signaling pathway, and mutation of BRAF. Our group also provided a detailed review of BRAF inhibitors from the last five years (2018-2023) highlighting the structure-activity relationship, mechanistic study, and molecular docking studies. We hope that the current analysis will be a useful resource for researchers and provide chemists a glimpse into the future as design and development of more effective and secure BRAF kinase inhibitors. The development of BRAF inhibitors to overcome the persistent limitation such as resistance, mutation, and adverse effects of drugs. In depth description about different heterocyclic scaffolds (quinoline, imidazole, pyridine, triazole, pyrrole etc.) as BRAF inhibitors from the last five years (2018-2023) highlighting the structure-activity relationship, mechanistic study, and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ghanshyam Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Ghara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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10
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Abdelgawad MA, Bukhari SNA, Musa A, Elmowafy M, Nayl AA, El-Ghorab AH, Sadek Abdel-Bakky M, Omar HA, Hadal Alotaibi N, Hassan HM, Ghoneim MM, Bakr RB. Phthalazone tethered 1,2,3-triazole conjugates: In silico molecular docking studies, synthesis, in vitro antiproliferative, and kinase inhibitory activities. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106404. [PMID: 36812829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
New phthalazone tethered 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 12-21 were synthesized utilizing the Cu(I)-catalyzed click reactions of alkyne-functionalized phthalazone 1 with functionalized azides 2-11. The new phthalazone-1,2,3-triazoles structures 12-21 were confirmed by different spectroscopic tools, like IR; 1H, 13C, 2D HMBC and 2D ROESY NMR; EI MS, and elemental analysis. The antiproliferative efficacy of the molecular hybrids 12-21 against four cancer cell lines was evaluated, including colorectal cancer, hepatoblastoma, prostate cancer, breast adenocarcinoma, and the normal cell line WI38. The antiproliferative assessment of derivatives 12-21 showed potent activity of compounds 16, 18, and 21 compared to the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Compound 16 showed selectivity (SI) towardthe tested cell lines ranging from 3.35 to 8.84 when compared to Dox., that showed SI ranged from 0.75 to 1.61. Derivatives 16, 18 and 21 were assessed towards VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity and result in that derivative 16 showed the potent activity (IC50 = 0.123 µM) in comparison with sorafenib (IC50 = 0.116 µM). Compound 16 caused an interference with the cell cycle distribution of MCF7 and increased the percentage of cells in S phase by 1.37-fold. In silico molecular docking of the effective derivatives 16, 18, and 21 against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) confirmed the formation of stable protein-ligand interactions within the pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, college of pharmacy, Jouf university, sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, college of pharmacy, Jouf university, sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdElAziz A Nayl
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H El-Ghorab
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany A Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania B Bakr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
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11
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Singh AK, Novak J, Kumar A, Singh H, Thareja S, Pathak P, Grishina M, Verma A, Yadav JP, Khalilullah H, Pathania V, Nandanwar H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Gaussian field-based 3D-QSAR and molecular simulation studies to design potent pyrimidine-sulfonamide hybrids as selective BRAF V600E inhibitors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30181-30200. [PMID: 36329938 PMCID: PMC9585928 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05751d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The "RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK" pathway is an important signaling pathway in melanoma. BRAFV600E (70-90%) is the most common mutation in this pathway. BRAF inhibitors have four types of conformers: type I (αC-IN/DFG-IN), type II (αC-IN/DFG-OUT), type I1/2 (αC-OUT/DFG-IN), and type I/II (αC-OUT/DFG-OUT). First- and second-generation BRAF inhibitors show resistance to BRAFV600E and are ineffective against malignancies induced by dimer BRAF mutants causing 'paradoxical' activation. In the present study, we performed molecular modeling of pyrimidine-sulfonamide hybrids inhibitors using 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Previous reports reveal the importance of pyrimidine and sulfonamide moieties in the development of BRAFV600E inhibitors. Analysis of 3D-QSAR models provided novel pyrimidine sulfonamide hybrid BRAFV600E inhibitors. The designed compounds share similarities with several structural moieties present in first- and second-generation BRAF inhibitors. A total library of 88 designed compounds was generated and molecular docking studies were performed with them. Four molecules (T109, T183, T160, and T126) were identified as hits and selected for detailed studies. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed at 900 ns and binding was calculated. Based on molecular docking and simulation studies, it was found that the designed compounds have better interactions with the core active site [the nucleotide (ADP or ATP) binding site, DFG motif, and the phospho-acceptor site (activation segment) of BRAFV600E protein than previous inhibitors. Similar to the FDA-approved BRAFV600E inhibitors the developed compounds have [αC-OUT/DFG-IN] conformation. Compounds T126, T160 and T183 interacted with DIF (Leu505), making them potentially useful against BRAFV600E resistance and malignancies induced by dimer BRAF mutants. The synthesis and biological evaluation of the designed molecules is in progress, which may lead to some potent BRAFV600E selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabGhuddaBathinda151401India
| | - Jurica Novak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of RijekaRijeka51000Croatia,Center for Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity, University of RijekaRijeka51000Croatia,Scientific and Educational Center ‘Biomedical Technologies’ School of Medical Biology, South Ural State UniversityChelyabinskRU-454080Russia
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabGhuddaBathinda151401India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabGhuddaBathinda151401India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabGhuddaBathinda151401India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State UniversityChelyabinsk454008Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State UniversityChelyabinsk454008Russia
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and SciencesPrayagraj211007India
| | - Jagat Pal Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and SciencesPrayagraj211007India,Department of Pharmacology, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and TechnologyFaridipurSultanpur228118India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim UniversityUnayzah51911Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Pathania
- Clinical Microbiology & Bioactive Screening Laboratory, Council of Scientifc & Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial TechnologySector-39AChandigarh160036India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology & Bioactive Screening Laboratory, Council of Scientifc & Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial TechnologySector-39AChandigarh160036India
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabGhuddaBathinda151401India
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Kozyra P, Krasowska D, Pitucha M. New Potential Agents for Malignant Melanoma Treatment-Most Recent Studies 2020-2022. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6084. [PMID: 35682764 PMCID: PMC9180979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most lethal skin cancer. Despite a 4% reduction in mortality over the past few years, an increasing number of new diagnosed cases appear each year. Long-term therapy and the development of resistance to the drugs used drive the search for more and more new agents with anti-melanoma activity. This review focuses on the most recent synthesized anti-melanoma agents from 2020-2022. For selected agents, apart from the analysis of biological activity, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) is also discussed. To the best of our knowledge, the following literature review delivers the latest achievements in the field of new anti-melanoma agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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13
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Feng LS, Su WQ, Cheng JB, Xiao T, Li HZ, Chen DA, Zhang ZL. Benzimidazole hybrids as anticancer drugs: An updated review on anticancer properties, structure-activity relationship, and mechanisms of action (2019-2021). Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200051. [PMID: 35385159 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, characterized by a deregulation of the cell cycle which mainly results in a progressive loss of cellular differentiation and uncontrolled cellular growth, remains a prominent cause of death across the world. Almost all currently available anticancer agents used in clinical practice have developed multidrug resistance, creating an urgent need to develop novel chemotherapeutics. Benzimidazole derivatives could exert anticancer properties through diverse mechanisms, inclusive of the disruption of microtubule polymerization, the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle (G2/M) arrest, antiangiogenesis, and blockage of glucose transport. Moreover, several benzimidazole-based agents have already been approved for the treatment of cancers. Hence, benzimidazole derivatives are useful scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. In particular, benzimidazole hybrids could exert dual or multiple antiproliferative activities and had the potential to overcome drug resistance, demonstrating the potential of benzimidazole hybrids as potential prototypes for clinical deployment in the control and eradication of cancers. The purpose of the present review article is to provide a comprehensive landscape of benzimidazole hybrids as potential anticancer agents, and the structure-activity relationship as well as mechanisms of action are also discussed to facilitate the further rational design of more effective candidates, covering articles published from 2019 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Shun Feng
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Su
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bo Cheng
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xiao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ze Li
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - De-An Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Liu Zhang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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