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Hutchings C, Dawson CS, Krueger T, Lilley KS, Breckels LM. A Bioconductor workflow for processing, evaluating, and interpreting expression proteomics data. F1000Res 2023; 12:1402. [PMID: 38021401 PMCID: PMC10683783 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.139116.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Expression proteomics involves the global evaluation of protein abundances within a system. In turn, differential expression analysis can be used to investigate changes in protein abundance upon perturbation to such a system. Methods: Here, we provide a workflow for the processing, analysis and interpretation of quantitative mass spectrometry-based expression proteomics data. This workflow utilizes open-source R software packages from the Bioconductor project and guides users end-to-end and step-by-step through every stage of the analyses. As a use-case we generated expression proteomics data from HEK293 cells with and without a treatment. Of note, the experiment included cellular proteins labelled using tandem mass tag (TMT) technology and secreted proteins quantified using label-free quantitation (LFQ). Results: The workflow explains the software infrastructure before focusing on data import, pre-processing and quality control. This is done individually for TMT and LFQ datasets. The application of statistical differential expression analysis is demonstrated, followed by interpretation via gene ontology enrichment analysis. Conclusions: A comprehensive workflow for the processing, analysis and interpretation of expression proteomics is presented. The workflow is a valuable resource for the proteomics community and specifically beginners who are at least familiar with R who wish to understand and make data-driven decisions with regards to their analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hutchings
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Charlotte S. Dawson
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Thomas Krueger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Kathryn S. Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Lisa M. Breckels
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
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Arietta-García AG, Calzada F, Ramírez-Sánchez I, Bautista E, García-Hernandez N, Ordoñez-Razo RM. Advances in the Properties of Incomptine A: Cytotoxic Activity and Downregulation of Hexokinase II in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12406. [PMID: 37569780 PMCID: PMC10419048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatments are limited by the cancer subtype and its selectivity towards tumor cells, hence the importance of finding compounds that increase the survival of healthy cells and target any subtype. Incomptine A (IA) is a sesquiterpene lactone with demonstrated cytotoxic activity. In this study, through in vitro assays, it was observed that IA has similar cytotoxic activity between the subtypes triple negative, HER2+, and luminal A of the breast cancer cell lines. IA cytotoxic activity is higher in cancer than in nontumorigenic cells, and its selectivity index for cancer cells is more than that of the drug doxorubicin. Molecular docking and its in silico comparison with the 2-Deoxyglucose inhibitor suggest that IA could bind to Hexokinase II (HKII), decreasing its expression. Since we did not find changes in the expression of the glycolytic pathway, we suppose that IA could affect the antiapoptotic function of HKII in cancer cells. The IA-HKII union would activate the voltage-gated anion channel 1 (VDAC1), resuming apoptosis. Therefore, we suggest that IA could be used against almost any subtype and that its cytotoxic effect could be due to the reactivation of apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Giovanni Arietta-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría 2° Piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (A.G.A.-G.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Fernando Calzada
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, 2° Piso CORSE, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico;
| | - Israel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico;
| | - Elihú Bautista
- CONAHCYT—Consorcio de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para las Zonas Áridas, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí CP 78216, Mexico;
| | - Normand García-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría 2° Piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (A.G.A.-G.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Rosa María Ordoñez-Razo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría 2° Piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (A.G.A.-G.); (N.G.-H.)
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Skopek R, Palusińska M, Kaczor-Keller K, Pingwara R, Papierniak-Wyglądała A, Schenk T, Lewicki S, Zelent A, Szymański Ł. Choosing the Right Cell Line for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5377. [PMID: 36982453 PMCID: PMC10049680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immortalized cell lines are widely used in vitro tools in oncology and hematology research. While these cell lines represent artificial systems and may accumulate genetic aberrations with each passage, they are still considered valuable models for pilot, preliminary, and screening studies. Despite their limitations, cell lines are cost-effective and provide repeatable and comparable results. Choosing the appropriate cell line for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research is crucial for obtaining reliable and relevant results. Several factors should be considered when selecting a cell line for AML research, such as specific markers and genetic abnormalities associated with different subtypes of AML. It is also essential to evaluate the karyotype and mutational profile of the cell line, as these can influence the behavior and response to the treatment of the cells. In this review, we evaluate immortalized AML cell lines and discuss the issues surrounding them concerning the revised World Health Organization and the French-American-British classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Skopek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Palusińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczor-Keller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał Pingwara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tino Schenk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Zelent
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Kumar S, Verma PK, Shukla A, Singh RK, Patel AK, Yadav L, Kumar S, Kumar N, Acharya A. Moringa oleifera L. leaf extract induces cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis in Dalton's Lymphoma: An in vitro and in vivo study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115849. [PMID: 36306933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present work is based on a wide spectrum of evidences available from scientific literature which reflects nutritional and medicinal values of natural products such as plants and their extracts. Moringa oleifera is one such popular plant species amidst indigenous tribal communities which is frequently used to treat ailments such as piles, sore throat, eye and ear infections and even poisonous bites of tropical fauna such as insects or snakes. Furthermore decoction of leaf and bark was used to cure fever and cough. Evidences further reveal that Moringa oleifera L. (Family Moringaceae), is widely distributed not only over the Indian sub-continent, but also over Philippines, Central America, Saudi Arabia and the Caribbean Islands and have been traditionally used to treat cancers since ancient times. However, therapeutic effects of Moringa oleifera on Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) are yet to be established. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against murine NHL Non-Hodgkin cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS The pharmacologically active compounds of Moringa oleifera leaf extract were identified by GC-HRMS analysis. Tests of Moringa oleifera leaf extract's cytotoxicity against DL cells were carried out using the MTT assay. Chromatin condensation along with other morphological alterations were visualized through Fluorescence microscopy. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), the cell cycle, and apoptosis were analysed through flow cytometer. We tried to identify proteins involved in apoptosis and cell cycle through Western blotting using BALB/c mice as a model organism. RESULTS GC-HRMS study revealed that a methanol based leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (MOML) comprises of a variety of bioactive chemicals. Our results indicate that MOML successfully reduced the proliferation of DL cells by lowering ΔΨm, changing overall cell morphology. DL cells treated with MOML showed arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase and substantially up-regulated the expression of p53 and p21. Elevated levels of Bax, Cyt-c, and Caspase-3 and lowered expression levels of Bcl-2 protein suggested induction of apoptosis. Mechanistically, the anticancer efficacy of MOML is attributed to MEK/ERK-mediated pathway inactivation in DL cells. It is also interesting to note that MOML-mediated inhibition of DL growth was accompanied by apoptosis induction and improvement in hematological parameters in DL-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Our finding suggested that MOML induces apoptosis and abrogates the growth of Dalton's lymphoma both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Alok Shukla
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rishi Kant Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Anand Kumar Patel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Lokesh Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India.
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Understanding the Antilymphoma Activity of Annona macroprophyllata Donn and Its Acyclic Terpenoids: In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27207123. [PMID: 36296714 PMCID: PMC9607537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Annona macroprophyllata Donn (A. macroprophyllata) is used in traditional Mexican medicine for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and pain. In this work, we evaluated the antitumor activity of three acyclic terpenoids obtained from A. macroprophyllata to assess their potential as antilymphoma agents. We identified the terpenoids farnesyl acetate (FA), phytol (PT) and geranylgeraniol (Gg) using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and spectroscopic (1H, and 13C NMR) methods applied to petroleum ether extract of leaves from A. macroprophyllata (PEAm). We investigated antitumor potential in Balb/c mice inoculated with U-937 cells by assessing brine shrimp lethality (BSL), and cytotoxic activity in these cells. In addition, to assess the potential toxicity of PEAm, FA, PT and Gg in humans, we tested their acute oral toxicity in mice. Our results showed that the three terpenoids exhibited considerable antilymphoma and cytotoxic activity. In terms of lethality, we determined a median lethal dose (LD50) for thirteen isolated products of PEAm. Gg, PT and AF all exhibited a higher lethality with values of 1.41 ± 0.42, 3.03 ± 0.33 and 5.82 ± 0.58 µg mL-1, respectively. To assess cytotoxic activity against U-937 cells, we calculated the mean cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and found that FA and PT were closer in respect to the control drug methotrexate (MTX, 0.243 ± 0.007 µM). In terms of antilymphoma activity, we found that FA, PT and Gg considerably inhibited lymph node growth, with median effective doses (ED50) of 5.89 ± 0.39, 6.71 ± 0.31 and 7.22 ± 0.51 mg kg-1 in females and 5.09 ± 0.66, 5.83 ± 0.50 and 6.98 ± 0.57mg kg -1 in males, respectively. Regarding acute oral toxicity, we classified all three terpenoids as category IV, indicating a high safety margin for human administration. Finally, in a molecular docking study of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, we found binding of terpenoids to some amino acids of the catalytic site, suggesting an effect upon activity with a resulting decrease in the synthesis of intermediates involved in the prenylation of proteins involved in cancer progression. Our findings suggest that the acyclic terpenoids FA, PT, and Gg may serve as scaffolds for the development of new treatments for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Editorial to Special Issue "Theme Issue Honoring Prof. Dr. Ludger Wessjohann's 60th Birthday: Natural Products in Modern Drug Discovery". Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105835. [PMID: 35628644 PMCID: PMC9144344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Expanding the Study of the Cytotoxicity of Incomptines A and B against Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051687. [PMID: 35268788 PMCID: PMC8911839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heliangolide-type sesquiterpene lactones (HTSLs) are phytocompounds with several pharmacological activities including cytotoxic and antitumor activity. Both bioactivities are related to an α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety and an ester group on carbon C-8 in the sesquiterpene lactone (SL) structure. Two HTSLs, incomptines A (AI) and B (IB) isolated from Decachaeta incompta, were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on three leukemia cell lines: HL-60, K-562, and REH cells. Both compounds were subjected to a molecular docking study using target proteins associated with cancer such as topoisomerase IIα, topoisomerase IIβ, dihydrofolate reductase, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, and Bcl-2-related protein A1. Results show that IA and IB exhibit cytotoxic activity against all cell lines used. The CC50 value of IA was 2–4-fold less than etoposide and methotrexate, two anticancer drugs used as positive controls. The cytotoxic activity of IB was close to that of etoposide and methotrexate. The molecular docking analysis showed that IA and IB have important interaction on all targets used. These findings suggest that IA and IB may serve as scaffolds for the development of new treatments for different types of leukemia.
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Calzada F, Bautista E, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, García-Hernández N, Barbosa E, Velázquez C, Ordoñez-Razo RM, Arietta-García AG. Antilymphoma Effect of Incomptine A: In Vivo, In Silico, and Toxicological Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216646. [PMID: 34771055 PMCID: PMC8588555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomptine A (IA) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Decachaeta incompta that induces apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, and a differential protein expression on the U-937 (diffuse histiocytic lymphoma) cell line. In this work, the antitumor potential of IA was investigated on Balb/c mice inoculated with U-937 cells and through the brine shrimp lethality (BSL) test. Furthermore, IA was subjected to molecular docking study using as targets proteins associated with processes of cancer as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glycolytic metabolism. In addition to determining the potential toxicity of IA in human, its acute toxicity was performed in mice. Results reveals that IA showed high antilymphoma activity and BSL with an EC50 of 2.4 mg/kg and LC50 16.7 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking study revealed that IA has strong interaction on all targets used. In the acute oral toxicity, IA had a LD50 of 149 mg/kg. The results showed that the activities of IA including antilymphoma activity, BSL, acute toxicity, and in silico interactions were close to the methotrexate, an anticancer drug used as positive control. These findings suggest that IA may serve as a candidate for the development of a new drug to combat lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Calzada
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, 2º Piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Elihú Bautista
- CONACYT—Consorcio de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para las Zonas Áridas, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí CP 78216, Mexico; (E.B.); (S.H.-F.)
| | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- CONACYT—Consorcio de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para las Zonas Áridas, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí CP 78216, Mexico; (E.B.); (S.H.-F.)
| | - Normand García-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, UMAE Hospital Pediatría, 2º Piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (N.G.-H.); (R.M.O.-R.); (A.G.A.-G.)
| | - Elizabeth Barbosa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Velázquez
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Km 4.5, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Unidad Universitaria, Pachuca CP 42076, Mexico;
| | - Rosa María Ordoñez-Razo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, UMAE Hospital Pediatría, 2º Piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (N.G.-H.); (R.M.O.-R.); (A.G.A.-G.)
| | - Angel Giovanni Arietta-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, UMAE Hospital Pediatría, 2º Piso, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City CP 06725, Mexico; (N.G.-H.); (R.M.O.-R.); (A.G.A.-G.)
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