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Guignard S, Saifeddine M, Mihara K, Motahhary M, Savignac M, Guiraud L, Sagnat D, Sebbag M, Khou S, Rolland C, Edir A, Bournet B, Buscail L, Buscail E, Alric L, Camare C, Ambli M, Vergnolle N, Hollenberg MD, Deraison C, Bonnart C. Chymotrypsin activity signals to intestinal epithelium by protease-activated receptor-dependent mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2725-2749. [PMID: 38637276 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic protease secreted into the lumen of the small intestine to digest food proteins. We hypothesized that chymotrypsin activity may be found close to epithelial cells and that chymotrypsin signals to them via protease-activated receptors (PARs). We deciphered molecular pharmacological mechanisms and gene expression regulation for chymotrypsin signalling in intestinal epithelial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The presence and activity of chymotrypsin were evaluated by Western blot and enzymatic activity tests in the luminal and mucosal compartments of murine and human gut samples. The ability of chymotrypsin to cleave the extracellular domain of PAR1 or PAR2 was assessed using cell lines expressing N-terminally tagged receptors. The cleavage site of chymotrypsin on PAR1 and PAR2 was determined by HPLC-MS analysis. The chymotrypsin signalling mechanism was investigated in CMT93 intestinal epithelial cells by calcium mobilization assays and Western blot analyses of (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. The transcriptional consequences of chymotrypsin signalling were analysed on colonic organoids. KEY RESULTS We found that chymotrypsin was present and active in the vicinity of the colonic epithelium. Molecular pharmacological studies have shown that chymotrypsin cleaves both PAR1 and PAR2 receptors. Chymotrypsin activated calcium and ERK1/2 signalling pathways through PAR2, and this pathway promoted interleukin-10 (IL-10) up-regulation in colonic organoids. In contrast, chymotrypsin disarmed PAR1, preventing further activation by its canonical agonist, thrombin. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results highlight the ability of chymotrypsin to signal to intestinal epithelial cells via PARs, which may have important physiological consequences in gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guignard
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Mahmoud Saifeddine
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Koichiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid Motahhary
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Magali Savignac
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5051, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Mireille Sebbag
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Sokchea Khou
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Buscail
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Rangueil, Toulouse III University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Camare
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1297, INSERM/Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Mouna Ambli
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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Zhou QM, Zheng L. Research progress on the relationship between Paneth cells-susceptibility genes, intestinal microecology and inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8111-8125. [PMID: 38130785 PMCID: PMC10731169 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i34.8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder of the immune system and intestinal microecosystem caused by environmental factors in genetically susceptible people. Paneth cells (PCs) play a central role in IBD pathogenesis, especially in Crohn's disease development, and their morphology, number and function are regulated by susceptibility genes. In the intestine, PCs participate in the formation of the stem cell microenvironment by secreting antibacterial particles and play a role in helping maintain the intestinal microecology and intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Moreover, PC proliferation and maturation depend on symbiotic flora in the intestine. This paper describes the interactions among susceptibility genes, PCs and intestinal microecology and their effects on IBD occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanxi 321100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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Su T, Hollas MAR, Fellers RT, Kelleher NL. Identification of Splice Variants and Isoforms in Transcriptomics and Proteomics. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2023; 6:357-376. [PMID: 37561601 PMCID: PMC10840079 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-020722-044021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is pivotal to the regulation of gene expression and protein diversity in eukaryotic cells. The detection of alternative splicing events requires specific omics technologies. Although short-read RNA sequencing has successfully supported a plethora of investigations on alternative splicing, the emerging technologies of long-read RNA sequencing and top-down mass spectrometry open new opportunities to identify alternative splicing and protein isoforms with less ambiguity. Here, we summarize improvements in short-read RNA sequencing for alternative splicing analysis, including percent splicing index estimation and differential analysis. We also review the computational methods used in top-down proteomics analysis regarding proteoform identification, including the construction of databases of protein isoforms and statistical analyses of search results. While many improvements in sequencing and computational methods will result from emerging technologies, there should be future endeavors to increase the effectiveness, integration, and proteome coverage of alternative splicing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojunfeng Su
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA;
| | - Michael A R Hollas
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan T Fellers
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA;
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Ceuleers H, Hanning N, De Bruyn M, De Man JG, De Schepper HU, Li Q, Liu L, Abrams S, Smet A, Joossens J, Augustyns K, De Meester I, Pasricha PJ, De Winter BY. The Effect of Serine Protease Inhibitors on Visceral Pain in Different Rodent Models With an Intestinal Insult. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:765744. [PMID: 35721192 PMCID: PMC9201642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.765744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serine proteases are believed to play a key role in the origin of abdominal pain in IBD and IBS. We previously demonstrated a reduction of visceral pain in a post-inflammatory IBS rat model after a single intraperitoneal or intracolonic administration of a serine protease inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of serine protease inhibition on visceral pain in two different animal models involving a colonic insult based either on acute inflammation or on neonatal irritation. Moreover, protease profiling was explored in the acute colitis model. Methods: An acute 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis rat model and a chronic neonatal acetic acid mouse model were used in this study. Visceral sensitivity was quantified by visceromotor responses (VMRs) to colorectal distension, 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of the serine protease inhibitors nafamostat, UAMC-00050 or their vehicles. Colonic samples from acute colitis rats were used to quantify the mRNA expression of a panel of serine proteases and mast cell tryptase by immunohistochemistry. Finally, proteolytic activities in colonic and fecal samples were characterized using fluorogenic substrates. Key Results: We showed a significant and pressure-dependent increase in visceral hypersensitivity in acute colitis and neonatal acetic acid models. UAMC-00050 and nafamostat significantly reduced VMRs in both animal models. In acute colitis rats, the administration of a serine protease inhibitor did not affect the inflammatory parameters. Protease profiling of these acute colitis animals revealed an increased tryptase immunoreactivity and a downregulation of matriptase at the mRNA level after inflammation. The administration of UAMC-00050 resulted in a decreased elastase-like activity in the colon associated with a significantly increased elastase-like activity in fecal samples of acute colitis animals. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that serine proteases play an important role in visceral hypersensitivity in an acute TNBS colitis model in rats and a neonatal acetic acid model in mice. Moreover, we hypothesize a potential mechanism of action of UAMC-00050 via the alteration of elastase-like proteolytic activity in acute inflammation. Taken together, we provided fundamental evidence for serine protease inhibitors as a promising new therapeutic strategy for abdominal pain in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michelle De Bruyn
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heiko U De Schepper
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liansheng Liu
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven Abrams
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Data Science Institute, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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