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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Li B, Tian J. Phloretin prolongs lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via inhibition of NDUFS1 and NDUFS6 at mitochondrial complex Ⅰ. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:283-295. [PMID: 38705496 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Phloretin has been widely perceived as an antioxidant. However, the bioavailability of phloretin in vivo is generally far too low to elicit a direct antioxidant effect by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we showed that administration of phloretin of apple polyphenols extended lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and promoted fitness. Specially phloretin enhanced the survival rates of nematodes under oxidants in an inverted U-shaped dose-response manner. The lifespan-extending effects of phloretin were mediated by ROS via mitochondrial complex I inhibition. The increase of ROS stimulated p38 MAPK/PMK-1 as well as transcription factors of NRF2/SKN-1 and FOXO/DAF-16. Consistent with the involvement of NRF2/SKN-1 and FOXO/DAF-16 in lifespan-extending effects, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by phloretin. The exogenous application of antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and N-acetylcysteine abolished the increase of ROS, the enhancement of SOD and CAT activities, and the lifespan extending effects of phloretin. Meanwhile, with the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, ATP was instantly decreased. Both energy sensors of AMPK/AAK-2 and SIRT1/SIR-2.1 were involved in the lifespan extension by phloretin. Transcriptomic, real-time qPCR and molecular docking analyses demonstrated that the binding of phloretin at complex I located at NDUFS1/NUO-5, NDUFS2/GAS-1, and NDUFS6/NDUF-6. The molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energy calculations showed that phloretin had high binding affinities towards NDUFS1 (-7.21 kcal/mol) and NDUFS6 (-7.02 kcal/mol). Collectively, our findings suggested phloretin had effects of life expectancy enhancement and fitness promotion via redox regulations in vivo. NDUFS1/NUO-5 and NDUFS6/NDUF-6 might be new targets in the lifespan and wellness regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China; Functional Food Engineering & Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, China; Functional Food Engineering & Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Gallegos-Saucedo R, Barrios-García T, Valdez-Morales EE, Cabañas-García E, Barajas-Espinosa A, Gómez-Aguirre YA, Guerrero-Alba R. Cytotoxic Activity of Lepidium virginicum L. Methanolic Extract on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells, Caco-2, through p53-Mediated Apoptosis. Molecules 2024; 29:3920. [PMID: 39202999 PMCID: PMC11357562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Its treatment options have had a limited impact on cancer remission prognosis. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to discover novel anti-cancer agents. Medicinal plants have gained recognition as a source of anti-cancer bioactive compounds. Recently, ethanolic extract of L. virginicum stems ameliorated dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis by modulating the intestinal immune response. However, no scientific study has demonstrated this potential cytotoxic impact on colon cancer cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of L. virginicum (ELv) on a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) and to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds present in ELv extracts by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The cytotoxic activity was assessed using cell viability assays by reduction in the compound 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). MTT and LDH assays revealed that the ELv decreases cell viability in the Caco-2 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell death was a result of DNA fragmentation and p53-mediated apoptosis. Eight phenolic acids and five flavonoids were identified and quantified in the stems. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the extract of L. virginicum possesses cytotoxic properties on Caco-2 cell line, suggesting that it could be a potential source of new drugs against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gallegos-Saucedo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (R.G.-S.); (T.B.-G.); (E.E.V.-M.)
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (R.G.-S.); (T.B.-G.); (E.E.V.-M.)
| | - Eduardo E. Valdez-Morales
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (R.G.-S.); (T.B.-G.); (E.E.V.-M.)
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCyT), Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico;
| | - Emmanuel Cabañas-García
- Centro de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos No. 18, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Bote 202 Cerro del Gato Ejido La Escondida, Col. Ciudad Administrativa, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico;
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo 43000, Mexico;
| | - Yenny Adriana Gómez-Aguirre
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCyT), Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico;
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico; (R.G.-S.); (T.B.-G.); (E.E.V.-M.)
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3
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Pyo Y, Kwon KH, Jung YJ. Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: Their Role in Cancer Prevention and Health Benefits. Foods 2024; 13:2253. [PMID: 39063337 PMCID: PMC11276387 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "flavonoid" encompasses a group of plant compounds, predominantly flavonoids, present in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods. These compounds deliver significant health benefits, including potent antioxidant properties that protect cells from free radicals, thereby mitigating aging and disease. We assessed study quality and bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Inclusion criteria specified that the studies must examine a natural flavonoid from fruits, must involve animal or human trials, must be original studies, and must be English articles on the flavonoid's health and cancer-prevention effects, excluding conference abstracts and single-case studies. We conducted a comprehensive search of major databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar, reviewing six clinical trials with total sample sizes of over 50 to 1500 participants. The results indicate that consuming flavonoid-rich fruits can aid in cancer prevention by targeting angiogenic and cancer-protective pathways. We specifically selected tomatoes, mulberries, Amazon grapes, apples, and citrus fruits due to their well-documented high levels of flavonoids and the robust clinical evidence supporting their physiological effects. In particular, citrus fruits contain additional beneficial phytochemicals that complement the action of flavonoids, enhancing their overall health effects. The anti-cancer mechanisms of flavonoids are not well-defined in the scientific literature, suggesting a gap that this study aims to address. Our study provides novel contributions by demonstrating how flavonoid supplementation induces anti-cancer effects through angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory actions, antioxidant-induced apoptosis, and modulation of pathways like PI3K/Akt and MAPK. These effects were particularly notable in the prevention and progression of breast, colon, liver, and lung cancers, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). By elucidating specific mechanisms and pathways, this study contributes to the understanding of flavonoids' role in cancer prevention and underscores the potential for developing natural anti-cancer therapeutics through the inclusion of flavonoid-rich fruits in the diet. Future research should focus on randomized controlled trials assessing long-term effects of flavonoid supplementation in diverse populations, exploring optimal dosages, and understanding interactions with conventional cancer therapies to provide comprehensive evidence for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Pyo
- Department of Beauty Cosmetics, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeon Ja Jung
- Department of Beauty Cosmetics, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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Sabiha S, Hasan K, Lima K, Malmir M, Serrano R, Moreira da Silva I, Rocha J, Islam N, Silva O. Quality Studies on Cynometra iripa Leaf and Bark as Herbal Medicines. Molecules 2024; 29:2629. [PMID: 38893505 PMCID: PMC11173719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cynometra iripa Kostel. is a Fabaceae species of mangrove used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for treating inflammatory conditions. The present study aims to establish monographic botanical and chemical quality criteria for C. iripa leaf and bark as herbal substances and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant potential. Macroscopic and microscopic qualitative and quantitative analyses, chemical LC-UV/DAD-ESI/MS profiling, and the quantification of key chemical classes were performed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays. Macroscopically, the leaf is asymmetrical with an emarginated apex and cuneate base. Microscopically, it shows features such as two-layered adaxial palisade parenchyma, vascular bundles surrounded by 3-6 layers of sclerenchyma, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals (5.89 ± 1.32 μm) along the fibers, paracytic stomata only on the abaxial epidermis (stomatal index-20.15), and non-glandular trichomes only on petiolules. The microscopic features of the bark include a broad cortex with large lignified sclereids, prismatic calcium oxalate crystals (8.24 ± 1.57 μm), and secondary phloem with distinct 2-5 seriated medullary rays without crystals. Chemical profile analysis revealed that phenolic derivatives, mainly condensed tannins and flavonoids, are the main classes identified. A total of 22 marker compounds were tentatively identified in both plant parts. The major compounds identified in the leaf were quercetin-3-O-glucoside and taxifolin pentoside and in the bark were B-type dimeric proanthocyanidins and taxifolin 3-O-rhamnoside. The total phenolics content was higher in the leaf (1521 ± 4.71 mg GAE/g dry weight), while the total flavonoids and condensed tannins content were higher in the bark (82 ± 0.58 mg CE/g and 1021 ± 5.51 mg CCE/g dry weight, respectively). A total of 70% of the hydroethanolic extracts of leaf and bark showed higher antioxidant activity than the ascorbic acid and concentration-dependent scavenging activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 23.95 ± 0.93 and 23.63 ± 1.37 µg/mL, respectively). A positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the phenol content and antioxidant activity was found. The results obtained will provide important clues for the quality control criteria of C. iripa leaf and bark, as well as for the knowledge of their pharmacological potential as possible anti-inflammatory agents with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Sabiha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.S.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (I.M.d.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Kamrul Hasan
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.S.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (I.M.d.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Katelene Lima
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.S.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (I.M.d.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Maryam Malmir
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.S.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (I.M.d.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Rita Serrano
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.S.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (I.M.d.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Isabel Moreira da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.S.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (I.M.d.S.); (J.R.)
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.S.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (I.M.d.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Nurul Islam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Olga Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.S.); (K.H.); (K.L.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (I.M.d.S.); (J.R.)
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5
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Alex AM, Subburaman S, Chauhan S, Ahuja V, Abdi G, Tarighat MA. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle prepared with Ocimum species and assessment of anticancer potential. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11707. [PMID: 38777818 PMCID: PMC11111742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained much attention due to their unique physical, and chemical properties. Integration of phytochemicals in nanoformulation might have higher applicability in healthcare. Current work demonstrates the synthesis of green AgNPs with O. gratissimum (gr-AgNPs) O. tenuiflorum (te-AgNPs) and O. americanum (am-AgNPs) followed by an evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. SEM analysis revealed spherical-shaped particles with average particle sizes of 69.0 ± 5 nm for te-AgNPs, 46.9 ± 9 nm for gr-AgNPs, and 58.5 ± 18.7 nm for am-AgNPs with a polydispersity index below 0.4. The synthesized am-AgNPs effectively inhibited Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans with 23 ± 1.58 mm, 20 ± 1.68 mm, 22 ± 1.80 mm, 26 ± 1.85 mm, and 22 ± 1.40 nm of zone of inhibition respectively. Synthesized AgNPs also induced apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 in concentration-dependent manner. IC50 values for am-AgNPs, te-AgNPs, and gr-AgNPs were 14.78 ± 0.89 µg, 18.04 ± 0.63 and 15.41 ± 0.37 µg respectively which suggested that am-AgNPs were the most effective against cancer. At higher dose size (20 µg) AgNPs were equally effective to commercial standard Doxorubicin (DOX). In comparison to te-AgNPs and gr-AgNPs, am-AgNPs have higher in vitro anticancer and antimicrobial effects. The work reported Ocimum americanum for its anticancer properties with chemical profile (GCMS) and compared it with earlier reported species. The activity against microbial pathogens and selected cancer cells clearly depicted that these species have distinct variations in activity. The results have also emphasized on higher potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles in healthcare but before formulation of commercial products, detailed analysis is required with human and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Monica Alex
- Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's College, (Autonomous) affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shikha Chauhan
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University Mohali (Punjab), Gharuan, India
| | - Vishal Ahuja
- University Institute of Biotechnology and University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Mohali (Punjab), Gharuan, India.
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Maryam Abbasi Tarighat
- Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
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Tang E, Hu T, Jiang Z, Shen X, Lin H, Xian H, Wu X. Isoquercitrin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in mice by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and intestinal flora. Food Funct 2024; 15:295-309. [PMID: 38084034 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal barrier damage is closely associated with the development of several intestinal inflammatory diseases. Isoquercitrin (IQ) is a natural flavonoid compound derived from plants, which exhibits high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with minimal side effects in humans. Therefore, it shows great potential for preventing and treating intestinal mucosal barrier damage. This study aims to investigate the ameliorative effect and mechanism of IQ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in mice. The mice were treated with IQ for 7 days and then injected with LPS to induce intestinal mucosal barrier damage. The results revealed that IQ treatment alleviated LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in mice, which can be evidenced by the improvements in intestinal morphology and the promotion of expression in intestinal tight junctions (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin), as well as MUC2 mucin. IQ also attenuated intestinal inflammatory responses by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the expression and plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, IQ significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Dubosiella, Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibaculum rodentium, while suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria such as Mucispirillum schaedleri in the intestinal flora of mice. Consequently, IQ can alleviate the LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and modulating the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Tang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Tong Hu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Zhaokang Jiang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Huan Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Haiyan Xian
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Xinlan Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Staszowska-Karkut M, Chilczuk B, Materska M, Kontek R, Marciniak B. Phenolic Compounds in Fractionated Blackcurrant Leaf Extracts in Relation to the Biological Activity of the Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:7459. [PMID: 38005180 PMCID: PMC10673464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between antioxidant and anticancer properties of extracts from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves and their fractions and chemical contents. Dried ethanolic extract was divided into three fractions using solid phase extraction: aqueous (F1), 40% MeOH (F2), and 70% MeOH (F3). Both the extract and the fractions were analyzed in terms of antiradical activity (DPPH• and ABTS+•), total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids. The antitumor potential of the fractions was evaluated in vitro on human colorectal (HCT 116) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells. Phenolics were identified using HPLC-QTOF-MS, and twelve compounds were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Finally, principal component analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between the tested factors. The results confirmed that blackcurrant leaves are a rich source of phenolics with high antioxidant activity and anticancer properties. It was demonstrated that the F2 fraction had the highest content of phenolics and the highest antiradical activity. Additionally, only this fraction showed cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cells. It was confirmed that both the blackcurrant leaf extract and its fractions are a promising source of condensed active compounds and can be used as natural functional food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Staszowska-Karkut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.-K.); (M.M.)
| | - Barbara Chilczuk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.-K.); (M.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Materska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.-K.); (M.M.)
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (R.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Beata Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (R.K.); (B.M.)
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Fuentes Y, Giovagnoli-Vicuña C, Faúndez M, Giordano A. Microencapsulation of Chilean Papaya Waste Extract and Its Impact on Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1900. [PMID: 37891979 PMCID: PMC10604294 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microencapsulation of bioactive extracts of Chilean papaya waste, including both seeds and skin, was investigated. Papaya waste extract microcapsules utilizing maltodextrin at 10% (MD10), 20% (MD20), and 30% (MD30) (w/v) as the wall material through the freeze-drying process were obtained, and subsequently their physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The TPC efficiency and yield values achieved were more than 60% for the microencapsulated seed and skin extracts, respectively. The best results for phenolic and antioxidant compounds were found in the microencapsulated seed extract with MD20, with a value of 44.20 ± 3.32 EAG/g DW for total phenols and an antioxidant capacity of 12.0 ± 0.32 mol ET/g DW for the DPPH and 236.3 ± 4.1 mol ET/g DW for the FRAP assay. In addition, the seed and skin samples reduced ROS generation in H2O2-treated Hek293 cells. In terms of antimicrobial activity, values ranging from 7 to 15 mm of inhibitory halos were found, with the maximum value corresponding to the inhibition of S. aureus, for both microencapsulated extracts. Therefore, the successful microencapsulation of the waste bioactive extracts (seed and skin) with the demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties highlight the bioactivity from Chilean papaya waste resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihajara Fuentes
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul 7820436, Chile;
| | - Claudia Giovagnoli-Vicuña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul 7820436, Chile;
| | - Mario Faúndez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul 7820436, Chile;
| | - Ady Giordano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul 7820436, Chile;
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9
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Zhang Y, Zeng M, Zhang X, Yu Q, Zeng W, Yu B, Gan J, Zhang S, Jiang X. Does an apple a day keep away diseases? Evidence and mechanism of action. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4926-4947. [PMID: 37701204 PMCID: PMC10494637 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apples and their products exemplify the recently reemphasized link between dietary fruit intake and the alleviation of human disease. Their consumption does indeed improve human health due to their high phytochemical content. To identify potentially relevant articles from clinical trials, some epidemiological studies and meta-analyses, and in vitro and in vivo studies (cell cultures and animal models), PubMed was searched from January 1, 2012, to May 15, 2022. This review summarized the potential effects of apple and apple products (juices, puree, pomace, dried apples, extracts rich in apple bioactives and single apple bioactives) on health. Apples and apple products have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, as well as mild cognitive impairment and promote hair growth, healing of burn wounds, improve the oral environment, prevent niacin-induced skin flushing, promote the relief of UV-induced skin pigmentation, and improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis as well as cedar hay fever among others. These effects are associated with various mechanisms, such as vascular endothelial protection, blood lipids lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-invasion, and antimetastatic effects. Meanwhile, it has provided an important reference for the application and development of medicine, nutrition, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Qun Yu
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
| | - Bin Yu
- School of International EducationTianjin University of Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
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10
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Chengolova Z, Ivanov Y, Godjevargova T. Comparison of Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Skins and Seeds of Four Grape Varieties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104061. [PMID: 37241801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and quantify polyphenolic compounds in skin extracts from four Bulgarian grape varieties and compare them to those of seed extracts. The values of total phenolic contents, flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins and an ascorbic acid in grape skin extracts were determined. The antioxidant capacities of skin extracts were evaluated using four different methods. The total phenolic content of skin extracts was 2-3 times lower than those of seed extracts. The significant difference between total parameter values of individual grape varieties were also found. According to the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of skin extracts, the different grape varieties were arranged in the following order: Marselan ≥ Pinot Noir ˃ Cabernet Sauvignon ˃ Tamyanka. The individual compounds in the grape skin extracts were determined using RP-HPLC and compared with those of the seed extracts. The determined composition of skin extracts was significantly different from the seed extracts' composition. Quantitative evaluation of the procyanidins and catechins in the skins was carried out. A correlation between phenolic contents, individual compounds and antioxidant capacity of different extracts was found. The studied grape extracts have a potential to be applied as natural antioxidants in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatina Chengolova
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Ivanov
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Tzonka Godjevargova
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
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11
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Nile A, Shin J, Shin J, Park GS, Lee S, Lee JH, Lee KW, Kim BG, Han SG, Saini RK, Oh JW. Cinnamaldehyde-Rich Cinnamon Extract Induces Cell Death in Colon Cancer Cell Lines HCT 116 and HT-29. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098191. [PMID: 37175897 PMCID: PMC10178958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon is a natural spice with a wide range of pharmacological functions, including anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde-rich cinnamon extract (CRCE) on the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT 116 and HT-29. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of a lipophilic extract of cinnamon revealed the dominance of trans-cinnamaldehyde. Cells treated with CRCE (10-60 µg/mL) showed significantly decreased cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We also observed that cell proliferation and migration capacity were inhibited in CRCE-treated cells. In addition, a remarkable increase in the number of sub-G1-phase cells was observed with arrest at the G2 phase by CRCE treatment. CRCE also induced mitochondrial stress, and finally, CRCE treatment resulted in activation of apoptotic proteins Caspase-3, -9, and PARP and decreased levels of mu-2-related death-inducing gene protein expression with BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Seok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hobbi P, Okoro OV, Hajiabbas M, Hamidi M, Nie L, Megalizzi V, Musonge P, Dodi G, Shavandi A. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Cytocompatibility of Polyphenolic Compounds Extracted from Food Industry Apple Waste: Potential in Biomedical Application. Molecules 2023; 28:675. [PMID: 36677733 PMCID: PMC9864418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple pomace (AP) from the food industry is a mixture of different fractions containing bioactive polyphenolic compounds. This study provides a systematic approach toward the recovery and evaluation of the physiochemical and biological properties of polyphenolic compounds from AP. We studied subcritical water extraction (SCW) and solvent extraction with ethanol from four different AP fractions of pulp, peel, seed, core, and stem (A), peel (B), seed and core (C), and pulp and peel (D). The subcritical water method at the optimum condition resulted in total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) of 39.08 ± 1.10 mg GAE per g of AP on a dry basis compared to the ethanol extraction with TPC content of 10.78 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g db. Phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin were the main identified polyphenolics in the AP fractions using HPLC. DPPH radical scavenging activity of fraction B and subcritical water (SW) extracts showed comparable activity to ascorbic acid while all ethanolic extracts were cytocompatible toward human fibroblast (3T3-L1) and salivary gland acinar cells (NS-SV-AC). Our results indicated that AP is a rich source of polyphenolics with the potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Hobbi
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryam Hajiabbas
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Masoud Hamidi
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41887-94755, Iran
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University (XYNU), Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Véronique Megalizzi
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis & Drug Discovery Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Musonge
- Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Faculty of Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Gianina Dodi
- Advanced Centre for Research-Development in Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Amin Shavandi
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Exploiting Polyphenol-Mediated Redox Reorientation in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121540. [PMID: 36558995 PMCID: PMC9787032 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol, one of the major components that exert the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), comprises several categories, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes, and has long been studied in oncology due to its significant efficacy against cancers in vitro and in vivo. Recent evidence has linked this antitumor activity to the role of polyphenols in the modulation of redox homeostasis (e.g., pro/antioxidative effect) in cancer cells. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis could lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress, which is essential for many aspects of tumors, such as tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance. Thus, investigating the ROS-mediated anticancer properties of polyphenols is beneficial for the discovery and development of novel pharmacologic agents. In this review, we summarized these extensively studied polyphenols and discussed the regulatory mechanisms related to the modulation of redox homeostasis that are involved in their antitumor property. In addition, we discussed novel technologies and strategies that could promote the development of CHM-derived polyphenols to improve their versatile anticancer properties, including the development of novel delivery systems, chemical modification, and combination with other agents.
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14
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Miclea I. Secondary Metabolites with Biomedical Applications from Plants of the Sarraceniaceae Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9877. [PMID: 36077275 PMCID: PMC9456395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants have fascinated researchers and hobbyists for centuries because of their mode of nutrition which is unlike that of other plants. They are able to produce bioactive compounds used to attract, capture and digest prey but also as a defense mechanism against microorganisms and free radicals. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites with significant biological activity found in the Sarraceniaceae family. The review also underlines the necessity of future studies for the biochemical characterization of the less investigated species. Darlingtonia, Heliamphora and Sarracenia plants are rich in compounds with potential pharmaceutical and medical uses. These belong to several classes such as flavonoids, with flavonol glycosides being the most abundant, monoterpenes, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, alkaloids and others. Some of them are well characterized in terms of chemical properties and biological activity and have widespread commercial applications. The review also discusses biological activity of whole extracts and commercially available products derived from Sarraceniaceae plants. In conclusion, this review underscores that Sarraceniaceae species contain numerous substances with the potential to advance health. Future perspectives should focus on the discovery of new molecules and increasing the production of known compounds using biotechnological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Miclea
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Tridax procumbens Plant Extract and Screening of Its Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9671594. [PMID: 35795854 PMCID: PMC9252769 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9671594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (TNP), which acts as the source of the reducing and capping agent. The distinctive absorption at 370 nm suggested synthesis of TNPs, which was confirmed by TEM, with a size in the range of 11.1 nm to 45.4 nm and a spherical shape, having a face-centered cubic structure, analyzed by XRD, and a Zeta potential of -20.7 mV, which indicated a moderate stability of TNP. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of amines and hydroxyl groups with fluoro compounds over the TNPs. The HRLC-MS analysis of TNPs suggested the presence of a major capping agent such as fosinopril and reducing agents such as peptides (Gln Gly Ala, Ser Pro Asn, and Leu Met), terpenoids (lupanyl acid, tiamulin), polyphenol (peucenin), and alkaloids (8′,10′-dihydroxydihydroergotamine, carteolol). The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida tropicalis) and had anticancer activity against A459 (IC50 42.70 μg/ml). The extraction of partially purified aqueous leaf extracts by silica gel column chromatography followed by HPLC to synthesize silver nanoparticles (TNP11) and analyzed by HRLC-MS suggested that dipeptides were involved in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. Overall, the results showed that the green silver nanoparticles of T. procumbens could be safe, as they are endowed with potential antimicrobial activity against MDR clinical isolates and human lung carcinoma cells.
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16
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Song IH, Yeom GS, Kuwar A, Nimse SB. Elimination Reaction-Based Benzimidazole Probe for Cysteine Detection and Its Application in Serum Sample Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040224. [PMID: 35448284 PMCID: PMC9031725 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-based compound 2-(p-tolyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (3) and its derivative probe A-B have been synthesized for the highly selective detection and quantification of Cys in human serum. The photophysical properties of A-B and compound 3 were evaluated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. A-B showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Cys among tested analytes, including amino acids, anions, and cations. A-B selectively reacts with Cys and results in compound 3 with fluorescence turn-on effect. A-B did not show any interference from the components in the serum matrix for Cys detection in the human serum sample. A-B detects Cys in serum samples with 2.3-5.4-fold better LOD than reported methods. The detection limit of 86 nM and 43 nM in HEPES buffer using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively, makes A-B an excellent chemosensor for Cys detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Song
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Gyu Seong Yeom
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Anil Kuwar
- School of Chemical Sciences, KBC-North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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