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Xu Y, Bai Z, Lan T, Fu C, Cheng P. CD44 and its implication in neoplastic diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e554. [PMID: 38783892 PMCID: PMC11112461 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44, a nonkinase single span transmembrane glycoprotein, is a major cell surface receptor for many other extracellular matrix components as well as classic markers of cancer stem cells and immune cells. Through alternative splicing of CD44 gene, CD44 is divided into two isoforms, the standard isoform of CD44 (CD44s) and the variant isoform of CD44 (CD44v). Different isoforms of CD44 participate in regulating various signaling pathways, modulating cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, with its aberrant expression and dysregulation contributing to tumor initiation and progression. However, CD44s and CD44v play overlapping or contradictory roles in tumor initiation and progression, which is not fully understood. Herein, we discuss the present understanding of the functional and structural roles of CD44 in the pathogenic mechanism of multiple cancers. The regulation functions of CD44 in cancers-associated signaling pathways is summarized. Moreover, we provide an overview of the anticancer therapeutic strategies that targeting CD44 and preclinical and clinical trials evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and drug-related toxicity about CD44-targeted therapies. This review provides up-to-date information about the roles of CD44 in neoplastic diseases, which may open new perspectives in the field of cancer treatment through targeting CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ziyi Bai
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chenying Fu
- Laboratory of Aging and Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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2
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Ziranu P, Pretta A, Aimola V, Cau F, Mariani S, D’Agata AP, Codipietro C, Rizzo D, Dell’Utri V, Sanna G, Moledda G, Cadoni A, Lai E, Puzzoni M, Pusceddu V, Castagnola M, Scartozzi M, Faa G. CD44: A New Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1569. [PMID: 38672650 PMCID: PMC11048923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a non-kinase cell surface glycoprotein. It is overexpressed in several cell types, including cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cells overexpressing CD44 exhibit several CSC traits, such as self-renewal, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) capability, and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The role of CD44 in maintaining stemness and the CSC function in tumor progression is accomplished by binding to its main ligand, hyaluronan (HA). The HA-CD44 complex activates several signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. The CD44 gene regularly undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in the standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) isoforms. The different functional roles of CD44s and specific CD44v isoforms still need to be fully understood. The clinicopathological impact of CD44 and its isoforms in promoting tumorigenesis suggests that CD44 could be a molecular target for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the recent association observed between CD44 and KRAS-dependent carcinomas and the potential correlations between CD44 and tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) open new research scenarios for developing new strategies in cancer treatment. This review summarises current research regarding the different CD44 isoform structures, their roles, and functions in supporting tumorigenesis and discusses its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Valentina Aimola
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (V.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Flaviana Cau
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (V.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandra Pia D’Agata
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Codipietro
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Daiana Rizzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Veronica Dell’Utri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Giorgia Sanna
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Giusy Moledda
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Cadoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00013 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.); (C.C.); (D.R.); (V.D.); (G.S.); (G.M.); (A.C.); (E.L.); (M.P.); (V.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Frascogna C, Mottareale R, La Verde G, Arrichiello C, Muto P, Netti PA, Pugliese M, Panzetta V. Role of the mechanical microenvironment on CD-44 expression of breast adenocarcinoma in response to radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38172135 PMCID: PMC10764959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of ionizing radiation are exploited in the clinical practice of radiotherapy to destroy tumour cells while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. While most of the radiotherapy research focused on DNA damage and repair, recently a great attention is going to cells' interactions with the mechanical microenvironment of both malignant and healthy tissues after exposure. In fact, the stiffness of the extracellular matrix can modify cells' motility and spreading through the modulation of transmembrane proteins and surface receptors' expression, such as CD-44. CD-44 receptor has held much interest also in targeted-therapy due to its affinity with hyaluronic acid, which can be used to functionalize biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with chemotherapy drugs for targeted therapy. We evaluated changes in CD-44 expression in two mammary carcinoma cell lines (MCF10A and MDA-MB-231) after exposure to X-ray (2 or 10 Gy). To explore the role of the mechanical microenvironment, we mimicked tissues' stiffness with polyacrylamide's substrates producing two different elastic modulus values (0.5 and 15 kPa). We measured a dose dependent increase in CD-44 relative expression in tumour cells cultured in a stiffer microenvironment. These findings highlight a crucial connection between the mechanical properties of the cell's surroundings and the post-radiotherapy expression of surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo Frascogna
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Mottareale
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Verde
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia Ed. 6, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arrichiello
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre On Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagabriella Pugliese
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia Ed. 6, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre On Biomaterials CRIB, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy
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Jagasia S, Tasci E, Zhuge Y, Camphausen K, Krauze AV. Identifying patients suitable for targeted adjuvant therapy: advances in the field of developing biomarkers for tumor recurrence following irradiation. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2023; 8:33-42. [PMID: 37982134 PMCID: PMC10655913 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2023.2276927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used to treat cancer in conjunction with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Despite the effectiveness of RT, tumor recurrence due to treatment resistance still lead to treatment failure. RT-specific biomarkers are currently lacking and remain challenging to investigate with existing data since, for many common malignancies, standard of care (SOC) paradigms involve the administration of RT in conjunction with other agents. Areas Covered Established clinically relevant biomarkers are used in surveillance, as prognostic indicators, and sometimes for treatment planning; however, the inability to intercept early recurrence or predict upfront resistance to treatment remains a significant challenge that limits the selection of patients for adjuvant therapy. We discuss attempts at intercepting early failure. We examine biomarkers that have made it into the clinic where they are used for treatment monitoring and management alteration, and novel biomarkers that lead the field with targeted adjuvant therapy seeking to harness these. Expert Opinion Given the growth of data correlating interventions with omic analysis toward identifying biomarkers of radiation resistance, more robust markers of recurrence that link to biology will increasingly be leveraged toward targeted adjuvant therapy to make a successful transition to the clinic in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jagasia
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - E Tasci
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ying Zhuge
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - K Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A V Krauze
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Igarashi T, Mazevet M, Yasuhara T, Yano K, Mochizuki A, Nishino M, Yoshida T, Yoshida Y, Takamatsu N, Yoshimi A, Shiraishi K, Horinouchi H, Kohno T, Hamamoto R, Adachi J, Zou L, Shiotani B. An ATR-PrimPol pathway confers tolerance to oncogenic KRAS-induced and heterochromatin-associated replication stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4991. [PMID: 37591859 PMCID: PMC10435487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the KRAS oncogene is a source of replication stress, but how this stress is generated and how it is tolerated by cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that induction of KRASG12V expression in untransformed cells triggers H3K27me3 and HP1-associated chromatin compaction in an RNA transcription dependent manner, resulting in replication fork slowing and cell death. Furthermore, elevated ATR expression is necessary and sufficient for tolerance of KRASG12V-induced replication stress to expand replication stress-tolerant cells (RSTCs). PrimPol is phosphorylated at Ser255, a potential Chk1 substrate site, under KRASG12V-induced replication stress and promotes repriming to maintain fork progression and cell survival in an ATR/Chk1-dependent manner. However, ssDNA gaps are generated at heterochromatin by PrimPol-dependent repriming, leading to genomic instability. These results reveal a role of ATR-PrimPol in enabling precancerous cells to survive KRAS-induced replication stress and expand clonally with accumulation of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Igarashi
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Marianne Mazevet
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yasuhara
- Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Yano
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mochizuki
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishino
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Takamatsu
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hidehito Horinouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Medical AI Research and Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Bunsyo Shiotani
- Laboratory of Genome Stress Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Krauze AV, Sierk M, Nguyen T, Chen Q, Yan C, Hu Y, Jiang W, Tasci E, Zgela TC, Sproull M, Mackey M, Shankavaram U, Meerzaman D, Camphausen K. Glioblastoma survival is associated with distinct proteomic alteration signatures post chemoirradiation in a large-scale proteomic panel. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1127645. [PMID: 37637066 PMCID: PMC10448824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1127645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastomas (GBM) are rapidly progressive, nearly uniformly fatal brain tumors. Proteomic analysis represents an opportunity for noninvasive GBM classification and biological understanding of treatment response. Purpose We analyzed differential proteomic expression pre vs. post completion of concurrent chemoirradiation (CRT) in patient serum samples to explore proteomic alterations and classify GBM by integrating clinical and proteomic parameters. Materials and methods 82 patients with GBM were clinically annotated and serum samples obtained pre- and post-CRT. Serum samples were then screened using the aptamer-based SOMAScan® proteomic assay. Significant traits from uni- and multivariate Cox models for overall survival (OS) were designated independent prognostic factors and principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out. Differential expression of protein signals was calculated using paired t-tests, with KOBAS used to identify associated KEGG pathways. GSEA pre-ranked analysis was employed on the overall list of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) against the MSigDB Hallmark, GO Biological Process, and Reactome databases with weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and Enrichr used to validate pathway hits internally. Results 3 clinical clusters of patients with differential survival were identified. 389 significantly DEPs pre vs. post-treatment were identified, including 284 upregulated and 105 downregulated, representing several pathways relevant to cancer metabolism and progression. The lowest survival group (median OS 13.2 months) was associated with DEPs affiliated with proliferative pathways and exhibiting distinct oppositional response including with respect to radiation therapy related pathways, as compared to better-performing groups (intermediate, median OS 22.4 months; highest, median OS 28.7 months). Opposite signaling patterns across multiple analyses in several pathways (notably fatty acid metabolism, NOTCH, TNFα via NF-κB, Myc target V1 signaling, UV response, unfolded protein response, peroxisome, and interferon response) were distinct between clinical survival groups and supported by WGCNA. 23 proteins were statistically signficant for OS with 5 (NETO2, CST7, SEMA6D, CBLN4, NPS) supported by KM. Conclusion Distinct proteomic alterations with hallmarks of cancer, including progression, resistance, stemness, and invasion, were identified in serum samples obtained from GBM patients pre vs. post CRT and corresponded with clinical survival. The proteome can potentially be employed for glioma classification and biological interrogation of cancer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Valentina Krauze
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Sierk
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Trinh Nguyen
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ying Hu
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - William Jiang
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erdal Tasci
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Theresa Cooley Zgela
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Megan Mackey
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Gupta K, Jones JC, Farias VDA, Mackeyev Y, Singh PK, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Krishnan S. Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations to Target KRAS-Driven Chemoradioresistant Cancers Utilizing Tumoroid Models of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Recurrent Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840241. [PMID: 35664781 PMCID: PMC9158132 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistance is observed in all advanced cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) presenting as colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Multimodality treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies with selective utilization of immunotherapy and radiation therapy. Despite the early success of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapy, treatment resistance is common and often driven by mutations in APC, KRAS, RAF, and PI3K/mTOR and positive feedback between activated KRAS and WNT effectors. Challenges in the direct targeting of WNT regulators and KRAS have caused alternative actionable targets to gain recent attention. Utilizing an unbiased drug screen, we identified combinatorial targeting of DDR1/BCR-ABL signaling axis with small-molecule inhibitors of EGFR-ERBB2 to be potentially cytotoxic against multicellular spheroids obtained from WNT-activated and KRAS-mutant COAD lines (HCT116, DLD1, and SW480) independent of their KRAS mutation type. Based on the data-driven approach using available patient datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)), we constructed transcriptomic correlations between gene DDR1, with an expression of genes for EGFR, ERBB2-4, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway intermediates, BCR, and ABL and genes for cancer stem cell reactivation, cell polarity, and adhesion; we identified a positive association of DDR1 with EGFR, ERBB2, BRAF, SOX9, and VANGL2 in Pan-Cancer. The evaluation of the pathway network using the STRING database and Pathway Commons database revealed DDR1 protein to relay its signaling via adaptor proteins (SHC1, GRB2, and SOS1) and BCR axis to contribute to the KRAS-PI3K-AKT signaling cascade, which was confirmed by Western blotting. We further confirmed the cytotoxic potential of our lead combination involving EGFR/ERBB2 inhibitor (lapatinib) with DDR1/BCR-ABL inhibitor (nilotinib) in radioresistant spheroids of HCT116 (COAD) and, in an additional devastating primary cancer model, glioblastoma (GBM). GBMs overexpress DDR1 and share some common genomic features with COAD like EGFR amplification and WNT activation. Moreover, genetic alterations in genes like NF1 make GBMs have an intrinsically high KRAS activity. We show the combination of nilotinib plus lapatinib to exhibit more potent cytotoxic efficacy than either of the drugs administered alone in tumoroids of patient-derived recurrent GBMs. Collectively, our findings suggest that combinatorial targeting of DDR1/BCR-ABL with EGFR-ERBB2 signaling may offer a therapeutic strategy against stem-like KRAS-driven chemoradioresistant tumors of COAD and GBM, widening the window for its applications in mainstream cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Gupta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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Ahmed EA, Rajendran P, Scherthan H. The microRNA-202 as a Diagnostic Biomarker and a Potential Tumor Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115870. [PMID: 35682549 PMCID: PMC9180238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-202 (miR-202) is a member of the highly conserved let-7 family that was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and recently reported to be involved in cell differentiation and tumor biology. In humans, miR-202 was initially identified in the testis where it was suggested to play a role in spermatogenesis. Subsequent research showed that miR-202 is one of the micro-RNAs that are dysregulated in different types of cancer. During the last decade, a large number of investigations has fortified a role for miR-202 in cancer. However, its functions can be double-edged, depending on context they may be tumor suppressive or oncogenic. In this review, we highlight miR-202 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and as a suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis in several types of tumors. We link miR-202 expression levels in tumor types to its involved upstream and downstream signaling molecules and highlight its potential roles in carcinogenesis. Three well-known upstream long non-coding-RNAs (lncRNAs); MALAT1, NORAD, and NEAT1 target miR-202 and inhibit its tumor suppressive function thus fueling cancer progression. Studies on the downstream targets of miR-202 revealed PTEN, AKT, and various oncogenes such as metadherin (MTDH), MYCN, Forkhead box protein R2 (FOXR2) and Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS). Interestingly, an upregulated level of miR-202 was shown by most of the studies that estimated its expression level in blood or serum of cancer patients, especially in breast cancer. Reduced expression levels of miR-202 in tumor tissues were found to be associated with progression of different types of cancer. It seems likely that miR-202 is embedded in a complex regulatory network related to the nature and the sensitivity of the tumor type and therapeutic (pre)treatments. Its variable roles in tumorigenesis are mediated in part thought its oncogene effectors. However, the currently available data suggest that the involved signaling pathways determine the anti- or pro-tumorigenic outcomes of miR-202’s dysregulation and its value as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A. Ahmed
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-6568331887
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany;
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