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Cioc RC, Harsevoort E, Lutz M, Bruijnincx PCA. Efficient synthesis of fully renewable, furfural-derived building blocks via formal Diels-Alder cycloaddition of atypical addends. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2023; 25:9689-9694. [PMID: 38028818 PMCID: PMC10680129 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc02357e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition of furanics is emerging as a key transformation in circular chemistry, providing access to highly versatile, biobased platform molecules. Further development of this technology into viable industrial applications faces major challenges, a notorious one being the lack of reactivity of the most readily available furans, i.e. the furfural derivatives. Herein we describe the remarkably-facile intramolecular DA reaction of allyl acetals of different furfurals to efficiently afford formal DA adducts with the atypical, unreactive dienophile allyl alcohol. Our methodology gives access to unprecedented oxanorbornene derivatives in high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity, which can be readily diversified into valuable products. This offers the potential of scalable production of renewable chemical building blocks from cheap, bioderived platform molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C Cioc
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Eva Harsevoort
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Dr M. Lutz, Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C A Bruijnincx
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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2
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Yadav S, Misra N, Mansi, Khanna P, Jain M, Khanna L. A DFT study on substituents, solvent, and temperature effect and mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction of hexafluoro-2-butyne with furan. J Mol Model 2023; 29:387. [PMID: 38008793 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Furan and its derivatives constitute a vital class of heterocyclic chemistry used widely in organic synthesis via Diels-Alder reactions. As fluorine incorporation has been of great interest due to the limited possible pathways, the present study on [4 + 2] cycloaddition Diels-Alder reaction, between hexafluoro-2-butyne and 2-substituted (NH2, OCH3, OTMS, NHBoc) furans, uses the reaction as a likely route. The computational study revealed that that the reaction is feasible in all conditions and is most favorable for NH2 substituent in furan. The study of the effect of temperature has depicted that low temperature favors the formation of adducts, while the rise in temperature prefers ring opening to form 4-substituted-2,3-di(trifluoromethyl)phenol derivatives. The feasibility of a reaction has been determined by Gibbs energy change. The transition state study has been performed to find the activation energy, C-C single bond formation and global electron density transfer (GEDT) involved in the adduct formation. MEP plots have been used to understand the region of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity character. Furthermore, the mechanism for the formation of phenol products has been discussed. The decomposition of the NHBoc group at higher temperatures has been proved via a proposed mechanism and compared with experimental results. METHODS The reaction was theoretically investigated using B3LYP hybrid functional with 6-311 + G(d,p) basis sets, in gas phase and under different solvent conditions like water, acetonitrile, and THF. The transition state structures of the adduct were optimized at the lower basis set B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) as well as at the higher basis set B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level. The changes in Gibbs energy (∆G) for the formation of products at different temperatures and in various solvents have been calculated at B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Yadav
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Neeti Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Mansi
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Pankaj Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Manisha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Leena Khanna
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
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3
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Ratier A, Moulandou-Koumba RD, Anizan M, Behloul S, Guegan F, Frapper G, Remaury QB, De Oliveira Vigier K, Zheng J, Jérôme F. Catalytic synthesis of renewable phenol derivatives from biobased furanic derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30369-30377. [PMID: 37849695 PMCID: PMC10578459 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we study a sequence Diels-Alder/aromatization reaction between biobased furanic derivatives and alkynes, paving the way to renewable phenols. Guided by DFT calculations, we revealed that, in the case of dimethylfuran, the methyl group can migrate during the aromatization step, making this substrate also eligible to access renewable phenols. This reaction has been then successfully transposed to furfural and furfuryl alcohol, allowing molecular diversity and complexity to be created on phenol ring starting from two cheap biobased furanic derivatives available on large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Ratier
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Richail D Moulandou-Koumba
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Mélanie Anizan
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Sarah Behloul
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Fréderic Guegan
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Gilles Frapper
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Quentin Blancart Remaury
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Karine De Oliveira Vigier
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
| | - Jianxia Zheng
- Eco-Efficient Products and Process Laboratory SOLVAY/CNRS 3966 Jin Du Rd., Xin Zhuang Industrial Zone Shanghai 201108 China
| | - François Jérôme
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 1 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
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4
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Chang H, Chang DH, Stamoulis AG, Huber GW, Lynn DM, Palecek SP, Dumesic JA. Controlling the toxicity of biomass-derived difunctional molecules as potential pharmaceutical ingredients for specific activity toward microorganisms and mammalian cells. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2023; 25:5416-5427. [PMID: 38223356 PMCID: PMC10786631 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A biomass-derived difuran compound, denoted as HAH (HMF-Acetone-HMF), synthesized by aldol-condensation of 5-hydroxyfurfural (HMF) and acetone, can be partially hydrogenated to provide an electron-rich difuran compound (PHAH) for Diels-Alder reactions with maleimide derivatives. The nitrogen (N) site in the maleimide can be substituted by imidation with amine-containing compounds to control the hydrophobicity of the maleimide moiety in adducts of furans and maleimide by Diels-Alder reaction, denoted as norcantharimides (Diels-Alder adducts). The structural effects on the toxicity of various biomass-derived small molecules synthesized in this manner to regulate biological processes, defined as low molecular weight (≤ 1000 g/mol) organic compounds, were investigated against diverse microbial and mammalian cell types. The biological toxicity increased when hydrophobic N-substitutions and C=C bonds were introduced into the molecular structure. Among the synthesized norcantharamide derivatives, some compounds demonstrated pH-dependent toxicities against specific cell types. Reaction kinetics analyses of the norcantharimides in biological conditions suggest that this pH-dependent toxicity of norcantharimides could arise from retro Diels-Alder reactions in the presence of a Brϕnsted acid that catalyzes the release of an N-substituted maleimide, which has higher toxicity against fungal cells than the toxicity of the Diels-Alder adduct. These synthetic approaches can be used to design biologically-active small molecules that exhibit selective toxicity against various cell types (e.g., fungal, cancer cells) and provide a sustainable platform for production of prodrugs that could actively or passively affect the viability of infectious cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hochan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Douglas H. Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - George W. Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James A. Dumesic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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5
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van der Loo CHM, Schim van der Loeff R, Martín A, Gomez-Sal P, Borst MLG, Pouwer K, Minnaard AJ. π-Facial selectivity in the Diels-Alder reaction of glucosamine-based chiral furans and maleimides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1888-1894. [PMID: 36607338 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Furans derived from carbohydrate feedstocks are a versatile class of bio-renewable building blocks and have been used extensively to access 7-oxanorbornenes via Diels-Alder reactions. Due to their substitution patterns these furans typically have two different π-faces and therefore furnish racemates in [4 + 2]-cycloadditions. We report the use of an enantiopure glucosamine derived furan that under kinetic conditions predominantly affords the exo-product with a high π-face selectivity of 6.5 : 1. The structure of the product has been resolved unequivocally by X-ray crystallography, and a multi-gram synthesis (2.8 g, 58% yield) confirms the facile accessibility of this multifunctional enantiopure building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis H M van der Loo
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rutger Schim van der Loeff
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Avelino Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andres M. Del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gomez-Sal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andres M. Del Rio" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark L G Borst
- Symeres B.V., Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Pouwer
- Symeres B.V., Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Bio-Derived Furanic Compounds with Natural Metabolism: New Sustainable Possibilities for Selective Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043997. [PMID: 36835429 PMCID: PMC9966152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived C6-furanic compounds have become the cornerstone of sustainable technologies. The key feature of this field of chemistry is the involvement of the natural process only in the first step, i.e., the production of biomass by photosynthesis. Biomass-to-HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) conversion and further transformations are carried out externally with the involvement of processes with poor environmental factors (E-factors) and the generation of chemical wastes. Due to widespread interest, the chemical conversion of biomass to furanic platform chemicals and related transformations are thoroughly studied and well-reviewed in the current literature. In contrast, a novel opportunity is based on an alternative approach to consider the synthesis of C6-furanics inside living cells using natural metabolism, as well as further transformations to a variety of functionalized products. In the present article, we review naturally occurring substances containing C6-furanic cores and focus on the diversity of C6-furanic derivatives, occurrence, properties and synthesis. From the practical point of view, organic synthesis involving natural metabolism is advantageous in terms of sustainability (sunlight-driven as the only energy source) and green nature (no eco-persisted chemical wastes).
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7
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:836-862. [PMID: 36562482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossil resources are rapidly depleting, forcing researchers in various fields of chemistry and materials science to switch to the use of renewable sources and the development of corresponding technologies. In this regard, the field of sustainable materials science is experiencing an extraordinary surge of interest in recent times due to the significant advances made in the development of new polymers with desired and controllable properties. This review summarizes important scientific reports in recent times dedicated to the synthesis, construction and computational studies of novel sustainable polymeric materials containing unchanged (pseudo)aromatic furan cores in their structure. Linear polymers for thermoplastics, branched polymers for thermosets and other crosslinked materials are emerging materials to highlight. Various polymer blends and composites based on sustainable polyfurans are also considered as pathways to achieve high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, Tula, 300012, Russia.,Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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8
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Dynamic materials derived from biobased furans: towards the ‘sleeping giant’ awakening. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Yue X, Queneau Y. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Furfural Chemistry Toward Biobased Surfactants. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102660. [PMID: 35015340 PMCID: PMC9401606 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, and furan as scaffolds for designing alternative surfactants is a rapidly developing research area. This Review gathers recent examples highlighting the variety of methods for grafting the necessary polar and non-polar appendages, exploiting the specific chemical reactivity of each of these platform molecules. While the furan (or tetrahydrofuran) backbone is maintained in some targeted amphiphiles, alternatives using rearranged HMF or furfural such as cyclopentanols or furanones have also been reported. This topic is an illustration of the diversification of the use of HMF and other biobased furanic platform molecules in the field of fine and specialty chemicals. The surfactants sector, which concerns some of the most largely consumed chemicals in everyday life, and still mostly produced from fossil resources, will benefit from such alternatives enabling increased renewable carbon content and structural innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yue
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Univ Lyon ICBMS, UMR 5246, CNRS, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon Bât. Lederer1 rue Victor Grignard69622Villeurbanne CedexFrance
| | - Yves Queneau
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Univ Lyon ICBMS, UMR 5246, CNRS, UCBL, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon Bât. Lederer1 rue Victor Grignard69622Villeurbanne CedexFrance
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10
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Cioc RC, Crockatt M, van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx PCA. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels-Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114720. [PMID: 35014138 PMCID: PMC9304315 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomass‐derived furanic platform molecules have emerged as promising building blocks for renewable chemicals and functional materials. To this aim, the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition stands out as a versatile strategy to convert these renewable resources in highly atom‐efficient ways. Despite nearly a century worth of examples of furan DA chemistry, clear structure–reactivity–stability relationships are still to be established. Detailed understanding of the intricate interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics in these very particular [4+2] cycloadditions is essential to push further development and truly expand the scope beyond the ubiquitous addend combinations of electron‐rich furans and electron‐deficient olefins. Herein, we provide pertinent examples of DA chemistry, taken from various fields, to highlight trends, establish correlations and answer open questions in the field with the aim to support future efforts in the sustainable chemicals and materials production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C Cioc
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Crockatt
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNO, Leeghwaterstraat 44, 2628, CA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C van der Waal
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNO, Leeghwaterstraat 44, 2628, CA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C A Bruijnincx
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Palà M, Woods SE, Hatton FL, Lligadas G. RDRP (Meth)acrylic Homo and Block Polymers from Lignocellulosic Sugar Derivatives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Palà
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Sarah E. Woods
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Fiona L. Hatton
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
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12
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Cioc R, Crockatt M, Van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx P. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels‐Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Cioc
- Utrecht University: Universiteit Utrecht Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Marc Crockatt
- TNO Sustainable Process and Energy Systems NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Pieter Bruijnincx
- Utrecht University Chemistry Universiteitsweg99Netherlands 3584 CG Utrecht NETHERLANDS
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Diels–Alder Cycloadditions of Bio-Derived Furans with Maleimides as a Sustainable «Click» Approach towards Molecular, Macromolecular and Hybrid Systems. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review highlights the recent research trends in designing organic or organic-inorganic hybrid molecular, biomolecular and macromolecular systems employing intermolecular Diels–Alder cycloadditions of biobased, furan-containing substrates and maleimide dienophiles. The furan/maleimide Diels–Alder reaction is a well-known process that may proceed with high efficiency under non-catalytic and solvent-free conditions. Due to the simplicity, 100% atom economy and biobased nature of many furanic substrates, this type of [4+2]-cycloaddition may be recognized as a sustainable “click” approach with high potential for application in many fields, such as fine organic synthesis, bioorganic chemistry, material sciences and smart polymers development.
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