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Romanet P, Charnay T, Sahakian N, Cuny T, Castinetti F, Barlier A. Challenges in molecular diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1445633. [PMID: 39398337 PMCID: PMC11466760 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1445633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is a group of rare genetic diseases characterized by the occurrence of multiple tumors of the endocrine system in the same patient. The first MEN described was MEN1, followed by MEN2A, and MEN2B. The identification of the genes responsible for these syndromes led to the introduction of family genetic screening programs. More than twenty years later, not all cases of MENs have been resolved from a genetic point of view, and new clinicogenetic entities have been described. In this review, we will discuss the strategies and difficulties of genetic screening for classic and newly described MENs in a clinical setting, from limitations in sequencing, to problems in classifying variants, to the identification of new candidate genes. In the era of genomic medicine, characterization of new candidate genes and their specific tumor risk is essential for inclusion of patients in personalized medicine programs as well as to permit accurate genetic counseling to be proposed for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Romanet
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, La Timone University Hospital, Laboratory of Molecular Biology GEnOPé, BIOGENOPOLE, Marseille, France
| | - Théo Charnay
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, La Timone University Hospital, Laboratory of Molecular Biology GEnOPé, BIOGENOPOLE, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Sahakian
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, La Conception University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Cuny
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, La Conception University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Castinetti
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, La Conception University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, La Timone University Hospital, Laboratory of Molecular Biology GEnOPé, BIOGENOPOLE, Marseille, France
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Panova AV, Klementieva NV, Sycheva AV, Korobko EV, Sosnovtseva AO, Krasnova TS, Karpova MR, Rubtsov PM, Tikhonovich YV, Tiulpakov AN, Kiselev SL. Aberrant Splicing of INS Impairs Beta-Cell Differentiation and Proliferation by ER Stress in the Isogenic iPSC Model of Neonatal Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8824. [PMID: 35955956 PMCID: PMC9369396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the causes of diabetes in infants is the defect of the insulin gene (INS). Gene mutations can lead to proinsulin misfolding, an increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and possible beta-cell apoptosis. In humans, the mechanisms underlying beta-cell failure remain unclear. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient diagnosed with neonatal diabetes mellitus carrying the INS mutation in the 2nd intron (c.188-31G>A) and engineered isogenic CRISPR/Cas9 mutation-corrected cell lines. Differentiation into beta-like cells demonstrated that mutation led to the emergence of an ectopic splice site within the INS and appearance of the abnormal RNA transcript. Isogenic iPSC lines differentiated into beta-like cells showed a clear difference in formation of organoids at pancreatic progenitor stage of differentiation. Moreover, MIN6 insulinoma cell line expressing mutated cDNA demonstrated significant decrease in proliferation capacity and activation of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR)-associated genes. These findings shed light on the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of monogenic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Panova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Klementieva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena V. Korobko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana S. Krasnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria R. Karpova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr M. Rubtsov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey L. Kiselev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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A Novel Cell-Based Model for a Rare Disease: The Tks4-KO Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line as a Frank-Ter Haar Syndrome Model System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158803. [PMID: 35955935 PMCID: PMC9369304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase substrate with four SH3 domains (Tks4) scaffold protein plays roles in cell migration and podosome formation and regulates systemic mechanisms such as adult bone homeostasis and adipogenesis. Mutations in the Tks4 gene (SH3PXD2b) cause a rare developmental disorder called Frank-Ter Haar syndrome (FTHS), which leads to heart abnormalities, bone tissue defects, and reduced adiposity. We aimed to produce a human stem cell-based in vitro FTHS model system to study the effects of the loss of the Tks4 protein in different cell lineages and the accompanying effects on the cell signalome. To this end, we used CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas9)) to knock out the SH3PXD2b gene in the HUES9 human embryonic stem cell line (hESC), and we obtained stable homo- and heterozygous knock out clones for use in studying the potential regulatory roles of Tks4 protein in embryonic stem cell biology. Based on pluripotency marker measurements and spontaneous differentiation capacity assays, we concluded that the newly generated Tks4-KO HUES9 cells retained their embryonic stem cell characteristics. We propose that the Tks4-KO HUES9 cells could serve as a tool for further cell differentiation studies to investigate the involvement of Tks4 in the complex disorder FTHS. Moreover, we successfully differentiated all of the clones into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The derived MSC cultures showed mesenchymal morphology and expressed MSC markers, although the expression levels of mesodermal and osteogenic marker genes were reduced, and several EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition)-related features were altered in the Tks4-KO MSCs. Our results suggest that the loss of Tks4 leads to FTHS by altering cell lineage differentiation and cell maturation processes, rather than by regulating embryonic stem cell potential.
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