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Zhang J, Jiang T, Zhang Y, Yang K, Zhao Y, Zhou Q, Yang Z, Yang R, Ning R, Liu T, Deng L, Xi X, Xu X, Jiang M. Phillygenin prevents osteoclast differentiation and bone loss by targeting RhoA. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1863-1881. [PMID: 38358766 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Forsythia suspensa tea is a popular traditional Chinese medicine decoction for its healthy and therapeutic benefits. However, its effects in bone metabolism were not clear. In recent study, we uncovered anti-osteoclastogenesis property of Phillygenin (Phi), a compound abundant in Forsythia suspensa leaves, and aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Phi on bone metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Lipopolysaccharides-induced murine calvaria osteolysis and ovariectomy-induced bone loss animal models were used to identify the bone-protective effect of Phi in vivo and micro-CT, pQCT, and TRAP staining were applied. We used CCK8, TUNEL, BrdU, and TRAP staining to evaluate the efficacy of Phi on the proliferation and formation of OCs in primary mBMMs. RNA sequence, activity-based protein profiling, molecular docking, G-LISA, and WB were used to inspect the target and underlying mechanism of Phi's actions in mBMMs. We found Phi significantly inhibited bone resorption in vivo and inhibited mBMMs osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) was identified as the direct target of Phi. It counteracted the effects of RhoA activator and acted as a RhoA inhibitor. By targeting RhoA, Phi modulated Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) activity and regulated its downstream NF-κB/NFATc1/c-fos pathway. Furthermore, Phi depressed the disassembling of F-actin ring through cofilin and myosin1a. Our findings provided Phi as a potential option for treating bone loss diseases by targeting RhoA and highlighted the importance of F. suspensa as a preventive approach in bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Carter JK, Tsai MC, Venturini N, Hu J, Lemasters JJ, Torres Martin M, Sia D, Wang S, Lee YA, Friedman SL. Stellate cell-specific adhesion molecule protocadherin 7 regulates sinusoidal contraction. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00755. [PMID: 38373106 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sustained inflammation and hepatocyte injury in chronic liver disease activate HSCs to transdifferentiate into fibrogenic, contractile myofibroblasts. We investigated the role of protocadherin 7 (PCDH7), a cadherin family member not previously characterized in the liver, whose expression is restricted to HSCs. APPROACH AND RESULTS We created a PCDH7 fl/fl mouse line, which was crossed to lecithin retinol acyltransferase-Cre mice to generate HSC-specific PCDH7 knockout animals. HSC contraction in vivo was tested in response to the HSC-selective vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 using intravital multiphoton microscopy. To establish a PCDH7 null HSC line, cells were isolated from PCDH7 fl/fl mice and infected with adenovirus-expressing Cre. Hepatic expression of PCDH7 was strictly restricted to HSCs. Knockout of PCDH7 in vivo abrogated HSC-mediated sinusoidal contraction in response to endothelin-1. In cultured HSCs, loss of PCDH7 markedly attenuated contractility within collagen gels and led to altered gene expression in pathways governing adhesion and vasoregulation. Loss of contractility in PCDH7 knockout cells was impaired Rho-GTPase signaling, as demonstrated by altered gene expression, reduced assembly of F-actin fibers, and loss of focal adhesions. CONCLUSIONS The stellate cell-specific cadherin, PCDH7, is a novel regulator of HSC contractility whose loss leads to cytoskeletal remodeling and sinusoidal relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Carter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ming-Chao Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nicholas Venturini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiangting Hu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Miguel Torres Martin
- Genetics Department, Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Sia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Youngmin A Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Takegahara N, Kim H, Choi Y. Unraveling the intricacies of osteoclast differentiation and maturation: insight into novel therapeutic strategies for bone-destructive diseases. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:264-272. [PMID: 38297158 PMCID: PMC10907717 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the principal cells that efficiently resorb bone. Numerous studies have attempted to reveal the molecular pathways leading to the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts to improve the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and other bone-destructive diseases. While the cumulative knowledge of osteoclast regulatory molecules, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), contributes to the understanding of the developmental progression of osteoclasts, little is known about how the discrete steps of osteoclastogenesis modify osteoclast status but not the absolute number of osteoclasts. The regulatory mechanisms involved in osteoclast maturation but not those involved in differentiation deserve special attention due to their potential use in establishing a more effective treatment strategy: targeting late-phase differentiation while preserving coupled bone formation. Recent studies have shed light on the molecules that govern late-phase osteoclast differentiation and maturation, as well as the metabolic changes needed to adapt to shifting metabolic demands. This review outlines the current understanding of the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, as well as osteoclast metabolic adaptation as a differentiation control mechanism. Additionally, this review introduces molecules that regulate the late-phase osteoclast differentiation and thus minimally impact coupled bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Morel A, Douat C, Blangy A, Vives V. Bone resorption by osteoclasts involves fine tuning of RHOA activity by its microtubule-associated exchange factor GEF-H1. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1342024. [PMID: 38312316 PMCID: PMC10834693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1342024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is controlled by the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and degradation by osteoclasts. A disequilibrium in favor of bone resorption leads to osteolytic diseases characterized by decreased bone density. Osteoclastic resorption is dependent on the assembly of an adhesion structure: the actin ring, also called podosome belt or sealing zone, which is composed of a unique patterning of podosomes stabilized by microtubules. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between actin cytoskeleton and microtubules network is key to find new treatments to inhibit bone resorption. Evidence points to the importance of the fine tuning of the activity of the small GTPase RHOA for the formation and maintenance of the actin ring, but the underlying mechanism is not known. We report here that actin ring disorganization upon microtubule depolymerization is mediated by the activation of the RHOA-ROCK signaling pathway. We next show the involvement of GEF-H1, one of RHOA guanine exchange factor highly expressed in osteoclasts, which has the particularity of being negatively regulated by sequestration on microtubules. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GEF-H1 knock-down osteoclast model, we demonstrate that RHOA activation upon microtubule depolymerization is mediated by GEF-H1 release. Interestingly, although lower levels of GEF-H1 did not impact sealing zone formation in the presence of an intact microtubule network, sealing zone was smaller leading to impaired resorption. Altogether, these results suggest that a fine tuning of GEF-H1 through its association with microtubules, and consequently of RHOA activity, is essential for osteoclast sealing zone stability and resorption function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Morel
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Douat
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
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Kim H, Takegahara N, Choi Y. PP2A-Mediated GSK3β Dephosphorylation Is Required for Protocadherin-7-Dependent Regulation of Small GTPase RhoA in Osteoclasts. Cells 2023; 12:1967. [PMID: 37566044 PMCID: PMC10417323 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocadherin-7 (Pcdh7) is a member of the non-clustered protocadherin δ1 subgroup of the cadherin superfamily. Pcdh7 has been revealed to control osteoclast differentiation by regulating Rho-family small GTPases, RhoA and Rac1, through its intracellular SET binding domain. However, the mechanisms by which small GTPases are regulated downstream of Pcdh7 remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-mediated dephosphorylation of Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is required for Pcdh7-dependent activation of RhoA during osteoclast differentiation. Pcdh7-deficient (Pcdh7-/-) cells showed impaired PP2A activity, despite their normal expression of PP2A. GSK3β, whose activity is regulated by its inhibitory phosphorylation at Ser9, was dephosphorylated during osteoclast differentiation in a Pcdh7-dependent manner. Inhibition of protein phosphatase by okadaic acid reduced dephosphorylation of GSK3β in Pcdh7+/+ cells, while activation of PP2A by DT-061 rescued impaired dephosphorylation of GSK3β in Pcdh7-/- cells. Inhibition of GSK3β by AR-A014418 inhibited RANKL-induced RhoA activation and osteoclast differentiation in Pcdh7+/+ cells. On the other hand, DT-061 treatment rescued impaired RhoA activation and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in Pcdh7-/- cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PP2A dephosphorylates GSK3β and thereby activates it in a Pcdh7-dependent manner, which is required for activation of small GTPase RhoA and proper osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.K.); (N.T.)
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Ozkan Kucuk NE, Yigit BN, Degirmenci BS, Qureshi MH, Yapici GN, Kamacıoglu A, Bavili N, Kiraz A, Ozlu N. Cell cycle-dependent palmitoylation of protocadherin 7 by ZDHHC5 promotes successful cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:297268. [PMID: 36762613 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division requires dramatic reorganization of the cell cortex, which is primarily driven by the actomyosin network. We previously reported that protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) gets enriched at the cell surface during mitosis, which is required to build up the full mitotic rounding pressure. Here, we report that PCDH7 interacts with and is palmitoylated by the palmitoyltransferase, ZDHHC5. PCDH7 and ZDHHC5 colocalize at the mitotic cell surface and translocate to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. The localization of PCDH7 depends on the palmitoylation activity of ZDHHC5. Silencing PCDH7 increases the percentage of multinucleated cells and the duration of mitosis. Loss of PCDH7 expression correlates with reduced levels of active RhoA and phospho-myosin at the cleavage furrow. This work uncovers a palmitoylation-dependent translocation mechanism for PCDH7, which contributes to the reorganization of the cortical cytoskeleton during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Ezgi Ozkan Kucuk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Berfu Nur Yigit
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | | | - Gamze Nur Yapici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Altuğ Kamacıoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nima Bavili
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Alper Kiraz
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nurhan Ozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Türkiye
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