1
|
Zhou W, Yang F, Zhang X. Roles of M1 Macrophages and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:1428. [PMID: 39273000 PMCID: PMC11394047 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are inflammatory cells that are important components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs are functionally heterogeneous and divided into two main subpopulations with distinct and opposite functions: M1 and M2 macrophages. The secretory function of TAMs is essential for combating infections, regulating immune responses, and promoting tissue repair. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are secreted by cells. They play a crucial role in mediating intercellular information transfer between cells. EVs can be secreted by almost all types of cells, and they contain proteins, microRNAs, mRNAs, and even long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been retained from the parental cell through the process of biogenesis. EVs can influence the function and behavior of target cells by delivering their contents, thus reflecting, to some extent, the characteristics of their parental cells. Here, we provide an overview of the role of M1 macrophages and their EVs in cancer therapy by exploring the impact of M1 macrophage-derived EVs (M1-EVs) on tumors by transferring small microRNAs. Additionally, we discuss the potential of M1-EVs as drug carriers and the possibility of reprogramming M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages for disease treatment. We propose that M1-EVs play a crucial role in cancer therapy by transferring microRNAs and loading them with drugs. Reprogramming M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages holds great promise in the treatment of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Fengtang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Yue T, Feng J, Zhang Y, Hou J, Wang Y. Recent progress in lactate oxidase-based drug delivery systems for enhanced cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8739-8758. [PMID: 38602362 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Lactate oxidase (LOX) is a natural enzyme that efficiently consumes lactate. In the presence of oxygen, LOX can catalyse the formation of pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from lactate. This process led to acidity alleviation, hypoxia, and a further increase in oxidative stress, alleviating the immunosuppressive state of the tumour microenvironment (TME). However, the high cost of LOX preparation and purification, poor stability, and systemic toxicity limited its application in tumour therapy. Therefore, the rational application of drug delivery systems can protect LOX from the organism's environment and maintain its catalytic activity. This paper reviews various LOX-based drug-carrying systems, including inorganic nanocarriers, organic nanocarriers, and inorganic-organic hybrid nanocarriers, as well as other non-nanocarriers, which have been used for tumour therapy in recent years. In addition, this area's challenges and potential for the future are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tian Yue
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jun Hou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruzanova VS, Kirikovich SS, Levites EV, Proskurina AS, Dolgova EV, Ritter GS, Efremov YR, Dubatolova TD, Sysoev AV, Koleno DI, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Bogachev SS. The Macrophage Activator GcMAF-RF Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Karanahan Technology through Induction of M2-M1 Macrophage Reprogramming. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:7484490. [PMID: 38455363 PMCID: PMC10919980 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7484490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the immune cells of high-immunological plasticity, which can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as repolarize their phenotype to the opposite or neutral one. In this regard, M2 macrophages of the tumor-associated stroma (TAS) are a promising therapeutic target in treating malignant neoplasms. Using FACS assay, we have estimated the CD11b+/Ly-6G+/Ly-6C+ fraction of macrophages from the peritoneum and TAS in intact healthy mice and those with developed Lewis carcinoma, both untreated and treated according to Karanahan technology in combination with group-specific macrophage activator (GcMAF-RF). As well, the pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in different groups of experimental and tumor-bearing animals was assessed. It was found that: (i) exposure of intact mice to GcMAF-RF results in the increased number of CD11b+/Ly-6C+ peritoneal macrophages and, at the same time, the expression pattern of cytokines in peritoneal macrophages switches from that characteristic of the mixed M1/M2 phenotype to that characteristic of the neutral M0 one; (ii) combination of Karanahan technology and GcMAF-RF treatment results in M0/M1 repolarization of TAS macrophages; (iii) in tumor-bearing mice, the response of peritoneal macrophages to such a treatment is associated with the induction of anti-inflammatory reaction, which is opposite to that in TAS macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera S. Ruzanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Levites
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Genrikh S. Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana D. Dubatolova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Sysoev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil I. Koleno
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr A. Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R. Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lan HR, Chen M, Yao SY, Chen JX, Jin KT. Novel immunotherapies for breast cancer: Focus on 2023 findings. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111549. [PMID: 38266449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach in cancer therapy, and recent advancements hold significant promise for breast cancer (BCa) management. Employing the patient's immune system to combat BCa has become a focal point in immunotherapeutic investigations. Strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) have disclosed encouraging clinical outcomes. ICIs, particularly programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors, exhibit efficacy in specific BCa subtypes, including triple-negative BCa (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancers. ACT approaches, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, showed promising clinical outcomes in enhancing tumor recognition and elimination. Targeting the TME through immune agonists and oncolytic viruses signifies a burgeoning field of research. While challenges persist in patient selection, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapy optimization, these novel immunotherapies hold transformative potential for BCa treatment. Continued research and clinical trials are imperative to refine and implement these innovative approaches, paving the way for improved outcomes and revolutionizing the management of BCa. This review provides a concise overview of the latest immunotherapies (2023 studies) in BCa, highlighting their potential and current status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Shi-Ya Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ou DL, Liao ZX, Kempson IM, Li L, Yang PC, Tseng SJ. Nano-modified viruses prime the tumor microenvironment and promote the photodynamic virotherapy in liver cancer. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:1. [PMID: 38163894 PMCID: PMC10759334 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As of 2020, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a form of liver cancer, stood as the third most prominent contributor to global cancer-related mortality. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) with other therapies has shown promising results for treating unresectable HCC, offering new opportunities. Recombinant adeno-associated viral type 2 (AAV2) virotherapy has been approved for clinical use but it efficacy is stifled through systemic administration. On the other hand, iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) can be cleared via the liver and enhance macrophage polarization, promoting infiltration of CD8+ T cells and creating a more favorable tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy. METHODS To enhance the efficacy of virotherapy and promote macrophage polarization towards the M1-type in the liver, ION-AAV2 were prepared through the coupling of ION-carboxyl and AAV2-amine using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS). Efficacy after systemic delivery of ION-AAV2 in an orthotopic HCC model was evaluated. RESULTS After 28 days, the tumor weight in mice treated with ION-AAV2 was significantly reduced by 0.56-fold compared to the control group. The ION-AAV2 treatment led to an approximate 1.80-fold increase in the level of tumor associated M1-type macrophages, while the number of M2-type macrophages was reduced by 0.88-fold. Moreover, a proinflammatory response increased the population of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in the ION-AAV2 group. This transformation converted cold tumors into hot tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the conjugation of ION with AAV2 could be utilized in virotherapy while simultaneously exploiting macrophage-modulating cancer immunotherapies to effectively suppress HCC growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Liang Ou
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Xian Liao
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ivan M Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - S-Ja Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
- National Taiwan University YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
- Program in Precision Health and Intelligent Medicine, Graduate School of Advanced Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang S, Chen X, Lin J, Huang P. Lactate-Oxidase-Instructed Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207951. [PMID: 36353879 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lactate oxidase (LOx) has attracted extensive interest in cancer diagnosis and therapy in recent years owing to its specific catalysis on l-lactate; its catalytic process consumes oxygen (O2 ) and generates a large amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and pyruvate. Given high levels of lactate in tumor tissues and its tight correlation with tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence, LOx-based biosensors including H2 O2 -based, O2 -based, pH-sensitive, and electrochemical have been designed for cancer diagnosis, and various LOx-based cancer therapy strategies including lactate-depletion-based metabolic cancer therapy/immunotherapy, hypoxia-activated chemotherapy, H2 O2 -based chemodynamic therapy, and multimodal synergistic cancer therapy have also been developed. In this review, the lactate-specific catalytic properties of LOx are introduced, and the recent advances on LOx-instructed cancer diagnostic or therapeutic platforms and corresponding biological applications are summarized. Additionally, the challenges and potential of LOx-based nanomedicines are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Cui M, Xu Y, Liu T, Gu Y, Wang P, Tang H. Multifaceted Elevation of ROS Generation for Effective Cancer Suppression. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3150. [PMID: 36144938 PMCID: PMC9502709 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The in situ lactate oxidase (LOx) catalysis is highly efficient in reducing oxygen to H2O2 due to the abundant lactate substrate in the hypoxia tumor microenvironment. Dynamic therapy, including chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and enzyme dynamic therapy (EDT), could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) including ·OH and 1O2 through the disproportionate or cascade biocatalytic reaction of H2O2 in the tumor region. Here, we demonstrate a ROS-based tumor therapy by integrating LOx and the antiglycolytic drug Mito-LND into Fe3O4/g-C3N4 nanoparticles coated with CaCO3 (denoted as FGLMC). The LOx can catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2, which decomposes cascades into ·OH and 1O2 through Fenton reaction-induced CDT and photo-triggered PDT. Meanwhile, the released Mito-LND contributes to metabolic therapy by cutting off the source of lactate and increasing ROS generation in mitochondria for further improvement in CDT and PDT. The results showed that the FGLMC nanoplatform can multifacetedly elevate ROS generation and cause fatal damage to cancer cells, leading to effective cancer suppression. This multidirectional ROS regulation strategy has therapeutic potential for different types of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhe Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengyuan Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanqi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hsieh CC, Hsieh MJ, Wang YH, Liao ZX. Macrophage Distribution Affected by Virus-Encoded Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Combined with Lactate Oxidase. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24020-24026. [PMID: 35847295 PMCID: PMC9281315 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy was approved as a localized treatment for advanced melanoma by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) encoded by clinical virus-infected tumor cells, acting as a pro-inflammatory cytokine or growth factor, increases tumor antigen presentation, leading to the activation of macrophages and T cells. Notably, tumor-secreted lactate can promote the suppressive functions of M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages and subsequently promote tumor growth. Furthermore, the consumption of tumor-secreted lactate has been implicated in the beneficial polarization of macrophages. Here, we report that GM-CSF-encoded recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV2-GM-CSF) infection in B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells combined with lactate oxidase (LOX) leads to the recruitment of M1 macrophages for the inhibition of cancer cell growth. This study suggests that GM-CSF combined with LOX has potential as cancer virotherapy.
Collapse
|