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Leveque M, Guittat M, Thivichon-Prince B, Reuzeau A, Eveillard M, Faure M, Farges JC, Richert R, Bekhouche M, Ducret M. Next generation antibacterial strategies for regenerative endodontic procedures: A scoping review. Int Endod J 2024; 57:804-814. [PMID: 37485747 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical results following regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) vary according to numerous parameters, including the presence of bacteria. This limitation reduces the indications for REPs and calls for the development of next generation antibacterial strategies (NGAS) providing alternatives to current antibacterial strategies (CAS) such as double or triple antibiotic paste (DAP/TAP) and (Ca(OH)2). OBJECTIVES The present scoping review aims to describe the current trends regarding the use of such strategies and highlight future perspectives. METHODS Four databases (PUBMed, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials and Science Direct) were searched until 1st May 2023. RESULTS A total of 918 records were identified, 133 were screened and assessed for eligibility, and 87 articles were included. The findings show that (1) clinical studies are only available for CAS, (2) although next generation strategies are the most studied approach since 2017, they are all at the pre-clinical stage, (3) most of the next generation strategies use galenic forms which offer cell support and colonization and which simultaneously contain antibacterial molecules as alternatives to CAS and to antibiotics in general, (4) standardization is required for future research, specifically regarding the bacterial strains studied, the use of biofilm studies and the cellular behaviour assessments. CONCLUSION Although NGAS are promising strategies to improve REPs in the context of infection, the current evidence is mostly limited to pre-clinical studies. Further methodological improvement is required to allow relevant comparisons between studies and to reduce the time from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Leveque
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Guittat
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Thivichon-Prince
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alicia Reuzeau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Eveillard
- Département de Biologie des Agents Infectieux, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, INCIT, Angers, France
| | - Marjorie Faure
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Raphaël Richert
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Des Contacts et Structures, CNRS/INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mourad Bekhouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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de Souza JR, Cardoso LM, de Toledo PTA, Rahimnejad M, Kito LT, Thim GP, Campos TMB, Borges ALS, Bottino MC. Biodegradable electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/polyethylene glycol/bioactive glass composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35406. [PMID: 38676957 PMCID: PMC11288622 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, driven by the pursuit of innovative solutions to address the challenges of bone regeneration. In this study, we developed an electrospun composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. The composite scaffold is made of a blend of poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), with the incorporation of calcined and lyophilized silicate-chlorinated bioactive glass (BG) particles. Our investigation involved a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, alongside an evaluation of its biological efficacy employing alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The incorporation of PEG and BG resulted in elevated swelling ratios, consequently enhancing hydrophilicity. Thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed the efficient incorporation of BG, with the scaffolds demonstrating thermal stability up to 250°C. Mechanical testing revealed enhanced tensile strength and Young's modulus in the presence of BG; however, the elongation at break decreased. Cell viability assays demonstrated improved cytocompatibility, especially in the PLCL/PEG+BG group. Alizarin red staining indicated enhanced osteoinductive potential, and fluorescence analysis confirmed increased cell adhesion in the PLCL/PEG+BG group. Our findings suggest that the PLCL/PEG/BG composite scaffold holds promise as an advanced biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce R. de Souza
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, SP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Lais M. Cardoso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, SP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila T. A. de Toledo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Letícia T. Kito
- Department of Materials Manufacture and Automation, Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), São José dos Campos, SP 12228-900, Brazil
| | - Gilmar P. Thim
- Department of Materials Manufacture and Automation, Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), São José dos Campos, SP 12228-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago M. B. Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre L. S. Borges
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, SP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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3
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Huang L, Chen X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Qiu X. GelMA-based hydrogel biomaterial scaffold: A versatile platform for regenerative endodontics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35412. [PMID: 38701383 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Endodontic therapy, while generally successful, is primarily limited to mature teeth, hence the pressing need to explore regenerative approaches. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have emerged as pivotal biomaterials, promising a bright future for dental pulp regeneration. Despite advancements in tissue engineering and biomaterials, achieving true pulp tissue regeneration remains a formidable task. GelMA stands out for its injectability, rapid gelation, and excellent biocompatibility, serving as the cornerstone of scaffold materials. In the pursuit of dental pulp regeneration, GelMA holds significant potential, facilitating the delivery of stem cells, growth factors, and other vital substances crucial for tissue repair. Presently, in the field of dental pulp regeneration, researchers have been diligently utilizing GelMA hydrogels as engineering scaffolds to transport various effective substances to promote pulp regeneration. However, existing research is relatively scattered and lacks comprehensive reviews and summaries. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to elucidate the application of GelMA hydrogels as regenerative scaffolds in this field, thereby providing clear direction for future researchers. Additionally, this article provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, and application of GelMA hydrogels in root canal therapy regeneration. Furthermore, it offers new application strategies and profound insights into future challenges, such as optimizing GelMA formulations to mimic the complex microenvironment of pulp tissue and enhancing its integration with host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoXia Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinchun Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Taboun A, Jovanovic M, Petrovic M, Stajcic I, Pesic I, Stojanovic DB, Radojevic V. Citric Acid Cross-Linked Gelatin-Based Composites with Improved Microhardness. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1077. [PMID: 38674996 PMCID: PMC11054669 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of cross-linking and reinforcements in gelatin on the physico-mechanical properties of obtained composites. The gelatin-based composites cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared: gelatin type B (GB) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and novel hybrid composite GB with β-TCP and hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles, and their structure, thermal, and mechanical properties were compared with pure gelatin B samples. FTIR analysis revealed that no chemical interaction between the reinforcements and gelatin matrix was established during the processing of hybrid composites by the solution casting method, proving the particles had no influence on GB cross-linking. The morphological investigation of hybrid composites revealed that cross-linking with CA improved the dispersion of particles, which further led to an increase in mechanical performance. The microindentation test showed that the hardness value was increased by up to 449%, which shows the high potential of β-TCP and HAp particle reinforcement combined with CA as a cross-linking agent. Furthermore, the reduced modulus of elasticity was increased by up to 288%. Results of the MTT assay on L929 cells have revealed that the hybrid composite GB-TCP-HA-CA was not cytotoxic. These results showed that GB cross-linked with CA and reinforced with different calcium phosphates presents a valuable novel material with potential applications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrraouf Taboun
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Marija Jovanovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Milos Petrovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Ivana Stajcic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pesic
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dusica B. Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Vesna Radojevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
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Guo X, Li J, Wu Y, Xu L. Recent advancements in hydrogels as novel tissue engineering scaffolds for dental pulp regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130708. [PMID: 38460622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Although conventional root canal treatment offers an effective therapeutic solution, it negatively affects the viability of the affected tooth. In recent years, pulp regeneration technology has emerged as a novel method for treating irreversible pulpitis due to its ability to maintain tooth vitality. The successful implementation of this technique depends on scaffolds and transplantation of exogenous stem cells or recruitment of endogenous stem cells. Accordingly, the three-dimensional structure and viscoelastic characteristics of hydrogel scaffolds, which parallel those of the extracellular matrix, have generated considerable interest. Furthermore, hydrogels support the controlled release of regenerative drugs and to load a wide variety of bioactive molecules. By integrating antibacterial agents into the hydrogel matrix and stimulating an immune response, root canal disinfection can be significantly improved and the rate of pulp regeneration can be accelerated. This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications of hydrogels that have been reported in the last 5 years, and offer a comprehensive summary of the different approaches that have been utilized for the optimization of hydrogel scaffolds for pulp regeneration. Advancements and challenges in pulp regeneration using hydrogels treating aged teeth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Guo
- Xiangya Shool of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Laijun Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China.
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Chen X, Liu Z, Ma R, Lu J, Zhang L. Electrospun nanofibers applications in caries lesions: prevention, treatment and regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1429-1445. [PMID: 38251708 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02616g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease primarily mediated by biofilm formation, resulting in a net loss of mineral content and degradation of organic matrix in dental hard tissues. Caries lesions of varying depths can result in demineralization of the superficial enamel, the formation of deep cavities extending into the dentin, and even pulp infection. Electrospun nanofibers (ESNs) exhibit an expansive specific surface area and a porous structure, closely mimicking the unique architecture of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). This unique topography caters to the transport of small molecules and facilitates localized therapeutic drug delivery, offering great potential in regulating cell behavior, and thereby attracting interest in ESNs' applications in the treatment of caries lesions and the reconditioning of the affected dental tissues. Thus, this review aims to consolidate the recent developments in ESNs' applications for caries lesions. This review begins with an introduction to the electrospinning technique and provides a comprehensive overview of the biological properties and modification methods of ESNs, followed by an introduction outlining the basic pathological processes, classification and treatment requirements of caries lesions. Finally, the review offers a detailed examination of the research progress on the ESNs' application in caries lesions and concludes by addressing the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junzhuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Han Y, Dal-Fabbro R, Mahmoud AH, Rahimnejad M, Xu J, Castilho M, Dissanayaka WL, Bottino MC. GelMA/TCP nanocomposite scaffold for vital pulp therapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 173:495-508. [PMID: 37939819 PMCID: PMC10964899 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulp capping is a necessary procedure for preserving the vitality and health of the dental pulp, playing a crucial role in preventing the need for root canal treatment or tooth extraction. Here, we developed an electrospun gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) fibrous scaffold incorporating beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles for pulp capping. A comprehensive morphological, physical-chemical, and mechanical characterization of the engineered fibrous scaffolds was performed. In vitro bioactivity, cell compatibility, and odontogenic differentiation potential of the scaffolds in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were also evaluated. A pre-clinical in vivo model was used to determine the therapeutic role of the GelMA/TCP scaffolds in promoting hard tissue formation. Morphological, chemical, and thermal analyses confirmed effective TCP incorporation in the GelMA nanofibers. The GelMA+20%TCP nanofibrous scaffold exhibited bead-free morphology and suitable mechanical and degradation properties. In vitro, GelMA+20%TCP scaffolds supported apatite-like formation, improved cell spreading, and increased deposition of mineralization nodules. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of ALPL, RUNX2, COL1A1, and DMP1 in the presence of TCP-laden scaffolds. In vivo, analyses showed mild inflammatory reaction upon scaffolds' contact while supporting mineralized tissue formation. Although the levels of Nestin and DMP1 proteins did not exceed those associated with the clinical reference treatment (i.e., mineral trioxide aggregate), the GelMA+20%TCP scaffold exhibited comparable levels, thus suggesting the emergence of differentiated odontoblast-like cells capable of dentin matrix secretion. Our innovative GelMA/TCP scaffold represents a simplified and efficient alternative to conventional pulp-capping biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Vital pulp therapy (VPT) aims to preserve dental pulp vitality and avoid root canal treatment. Biomaterials that bolster mineralized tissue regeneration with ease of use are still lacking. We successfully engineered gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) electrospun scaffolds incorporated with beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) for VPT. Notably, electrospun GelMA-based scaffolds containing 20% (w/v) of TCP exhibited favorable mechanical properties and degradation, cytocompatibility, and mineralization potential indicated by apatite-like structures in vitro and mineralized tissue deposition in vivo, although not surpassing those associated with the standard of care. Collectively, our innovative GelMA/TCP scaffold represents a simplified alternative to conventional pulp capping materials such as MTA and Biodentine™ since it is a ready-to-use biomaterial, requires no setting time, and is therapeutically effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Abdel H Mahmoud
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jinping Xu
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Waruna L Dissanayaka
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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8
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Atila D, Kumaravel V. Advances in antimicrobial hydrogels for dental tissue engineering: regenerative strategies for endodontics and periodontics. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6711-6747. [PMID: 37656064 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental tissue infections have been affecting millions of patients globally leading to pain, severe tissue damage, or even tooth loss. Commercial sterilizers may not be adequate to prevent frequent dental infections. Antimicrobial hydrogels have been introduced as an effective therapeutic strategy for endodontics and periodontics since they have the capability of imitating the native extracellular matrix of soft tissues. Hydrogel networks are considered excellent drug delivery platforms due to their high-water retention capacity. In this regard, drugs or nanoparticles can be incorporated into the hydrogels to endow antimicrobial properties as well as to improve their regenerative potential, once biocompatibility criteria are met avoiding high dosages. Herein, novel antimicrobial hydrogel formulations were discussed for the first time in the scope of endodontics and periodontics. Such hydrogels seem outstanding candidates especially when designed not only as simple volume fillers but also as smart biomaterials with condition-specific adaptability within the dynamic microenvironment of the defect site. Multifunctional hydrogels play a pivotal role against infections, inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. along the way of dental regeneration. Modern techniques (e.g., 3D and 4D-printing) hold promise to develop the next generation of antimicrobial hydrogels together with their limitations such as infeasibility of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Atila
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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Xu J, Zhang Z, Ren X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Lan X, Guo L. In situ photo-crosslinked hydrogel promotes oral mucosal wound healing through sustained delivery of ginsenoside Rg1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1252574. [PMID: 37840668 PMCID: PMC10569426 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1252574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosal wounds exhibit an increased susceptibility to inflammation as a consequence of their direct exposure to a diverse range of microorganisms. This causes pain, slow healing, and other complications that interfere with patients' daily activities like eating and speaking. Consequently, patients experience a significant decline in their overall quality of life. Therefore, the pursuit of novel treatment approaches is of great importance. In this study, ginsenoside Rg1, a natural active substance extracted from ginseng root, was chosen as a therapeutic agent. It was encapsulated in a screened photo-crosslinked hydrogel scaffold for the treatment of mucosal defects in the rat palate. The results demonstrated that Rg1-hydrogel possessed excellent physical and chemical properties, and that oral mucosa wounds treated with Rg1-hydrogel exhibited the greatest healing performance, as evidenced by more pronounced wound re-epithelialization, increased collagen deposition, and decreased inflammatory infiltration. Subsequent investigations in molecular biology confirmed that Rg1-hydrogel stimulated the secretion of repair-related factors and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors. This study demonstrated that the hydrogel containing ginsenoside Rg1 significantly promotes oral mucosal tissue healing in vivo. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the Rg1-hydrogel has promising prospects for the therapeutic management of oral mucosal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Yunan Zhang
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Lan
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
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10
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Leveque M, Bekhouche M, Farges JC, Aussel A, Sy K, Richert R, Ducret M. Bioactive Endodontic Hydrogels: From Parameters to Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14056. [PMID: 37762359 PMCID: PMC10531297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) aim at recreating dental pulp tissue using biomaterials such as hydrogels. Their bioactivity is mostly related to the nature of biomolecules or chemical compounds that compose the endodontic hydrogel. However, many other parameters, such as hydrogel concentration, bioactive molecules solubility, and apex size, were reported to influence the reciprocal host-biomaterial relationship and hydrogel behavior. The lack of knowledge regarding these various parameters, which should be considered, leads to the inability to predict the clinical outcome and suggests that the biological activity of endodontic hydrogel is impossible to anticipate and could hinder the bench-to-bedside transition. We describe, in this review, that most of these parameters could be identified, described, and studied. A second part of the review lists some challenges and perspectives, including development of future mathematical models that are able to explain, and eventually predict, the bioactivity of endodontic hydrogel used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Leveque
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
| | - Mourad Bekhouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Aussel
- BIOTIS—Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- UFR d’Odontologie, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kadiatou Sy
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Raphaël Richert
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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11
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Widbiller M, Galler KM. Engineering the Future of Dental Health: Exploring Molecular Advancements in Dental Pulp Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11453. [PMID: 37511210 PMCID: PMC10380375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protected by the surrounding mineralized barriers of enamel, dentin, and cementum, dental pulp is a functionally versatile tissue that fulfills multiple roles [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93093 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Mahmoud AH, Han Y, Dal-Fabbro R, Daghrery A, Xu J, Kaigler D, Bhaduri SB, Malda J, Bottino MC. Nanoscale β-TCP-Laden GelMA/PCL Composite Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:32121-32135. [PMID: 37364054 PMCID: PMC10982892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in the field of periodontal tissue engineering have favored the fabrication of biodegradable membranes with tunable physical and biological properties for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Herein, we engineered innovative nanoscale beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)-laden gelatin methacryloyl/polycaprolactone (GelMA/PCL-TCP) photocrosslinkable composite fibrous membranes via electrospinning. Chemo-morphological findings showed that the composite microfibers had a uniform porous network and β-TCP particles successfully integrated within the fibers. Compared with pure PCL and GelMA/PCL, GelMA/PCL-TCP membranes led to increased cell attachment, proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic gene expression in alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (aBMSCs). Moreover, our GelMA/PCL-TCP membrane was able to promote robust bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical-size defects, showing remarkable osteogenesis compared to PCL and GelMA/PCL groups. Altogether, the GelMA/PCL-TCP composite fibrous membrane promoted osteogenic differentiation of aBMSCs in vitro and pronounced bone formation in vivo. Our data confirmed that the electrospun GelMA/PCL-TCP composite has a strong potential as a promising membrane for guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel H Mahmoud
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Arwa Daghrery
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinping Xu
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Darnell Kaigler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sarit B Bhaduri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, United States
- EEC Division, Directorate of Engineering, The National Science Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, United States
| | - Jos Malda
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Ut Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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13
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Namazi SS, Mahmoud AH, Dal-Fabbro R, Han Y, Xu J, Sasaki H, Fenno JC, Bottino MC. Multifunctional and biodegradable methacrylated gelatin/Aloe vera nanofibers for endodontic disinfection and immunomodulation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 150:213427. [PMID: 37075551 PMCID: PMC11027083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently employed approaches and materials used for vital pulp therapies (VPTs) and regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) lack the efficacy to predictably achieve successful outcomes due to their inability to achieve adequate disinfection and/or lack of desired immune modulatory effects. Natural polymers and medicinal herbs are biocompatible, biodegradable, and present several therapeutic benefits and immune-modulatory properties; thus, standing out as a clinically viable approach capable of establishing a conducive environment devoid of bacteria and inflammation to support continued root development, dentinal bridge formation, and dental pulp tissue regeneration. However, the low stability and poor mechanical properties of the natural compounds have limited their application as potential biomaterials for endodontic procedures. In this study, Aloe vera (AV), as a natural antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, was incorporated into photocrosslinkable Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) nanofibers with the purpose of developing a highly biocompatible biomaterial capable of eradicating endodontic infection and modulating inflammation. Stable GelMA/AV nanofibers with optimal properties were obtained at the ratio of (70:30) by electrospinning. In addition to the pronounced antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis, the GelMA/AV (70:30) nanofibers also exhibited a sustained antibacterial activity over 14 days and significant biofilm reduction with minimal cytotoxicity, as well as anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects favoring healing. Our results indicate that the novel GelMA/AV (70:30) nanofibers hold great potential as a biomaterial strategy for endodontic infection eradication and enhanced healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon S Namazi
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abdel H Mahmoud
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jinping Xu
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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14
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Liu L, Wu D, Tu H, Cao M, Li M, Peng L, Yang J. Applications of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery for Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020146. [PMID: 36826316 PMCID: PMC9956178 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial diseases have an important impact on local function, facial appearance, and general health. As a multifunctional platform, hydrogels are widely used in the biomedical field due to their excellent physicochemical properties. In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted to adapt hydrogels to the complex oral and maxillofacial environment by modulating their pore size, swelling, degradability, stimulus-response properties, etc. Meanwhile, many studies have attempted to use hydrogels as drug delivery carriers to load drugs, cytokines, and stem cells for antibacterial, anticancer, and tissue regeneration applications in oral and maxillofacial regions. This paper reviews the application and research progress of hydrogel-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases such as caries, endodontic diseases, periodontal diseases, maxillofacial bone diseases, mucosal diseases, oral cancer, etc. The characteristics and applications of hydrogels and drug-delivery systems employed for the treatment of different diseases are discussed in order to provide a reference for further research on hydrogel drug-delivery systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Heng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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de Souza Araújo IJ, Patel T, Bukhari A, Sanz CK, Fenno JC, Ribeiro JS, Bottino MC. Natural monoterpenes-laden electrospun fibrous scaffolds for endodontic infection eradication. Odontology 2023; 111:78-84. [PMID: 35731305 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to synthesize poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA)-based fibrous scaffolds containing natural essential oils (i.e., linalool and citral) and determine their antimicrobial properties and cytocompatibility as a clinically viable cell-friendly disinfection strategy for regenerative endodontics. PLA-based fibrous scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning with different concentrations of linalool and citral. The micromorphology and average diameter of the fibers was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of the scaffolds was inferred by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Actinomyces naeslundii was also evaluated by agar diffusion and colony-forming units (CFU) assays. The scaffolds' cytocompatibility was determined using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Statistical analyses were performed and the significance level was set at α = 5%. Linalool and citral's incorporation in the PLA fibrous scaffolds was confirmed in the FTIR spectra. SEM images indicate no morphological changes upon inclusion of the essential oils, except the reduced diameter of 40% linalool-laden fibers (p < 0.05). Importantly, significant antimicrobial properties were reported for citral-containing scaffolds for CFU/mL counts (p < 0.05), while only 20% and 40% linalool-laden scaffolds reduced CFU/mL (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the inhibition halos were verified in a concentration-dependent manner for all monoterpenes-laden scaffolds. Citral- and linalool-laden PLA-based fibrous scaffolds showed acceptable cytocompatibility. The incorporation of natural monoterpenes did not alter the scaffolds' fibrous morphology, promoted antimicrobial action against endodontic pathogens, and preserved DPSCs viability. Linalool- and citral-laden electrospun scaffolds hold promise as naturally derived antimicrobial therapeutics for applications in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J de Souza Araújo
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tamannaben Patel
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amal Bukhari
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carolina K Sanz
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Program-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juliana S Ribeiro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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