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Lerdsittikul V, Apiratwarrasakul S, Atithep T, Withatanung P, Indrawattana N, Pumirat P, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Thongdee M. Isolation and characterisation of a novel Silviavirus bacteriophage promising antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9251. [PMID: 38649443 PMCID: PMC11035597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emphasises the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents as alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy is one of the most promising antimicrobial strategies. Here, we isolated and comprehensively characterized a novel Staphylococcus phage, vB_SauM_VL10 (VL10), from urban sewage. The VL10 genome displays 141,746 bp of linear double-stranded DNA, containing 193 open reading frames and lacking tRNA, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis categorizes VL10 as a novel species within the Silviavirus genus, Twortvirinae subfamily. VL10 exhibits lytic behaviour characterized by efficient adsorption, a short latent period, and substantial burst size, with environmental stability. It demonstrates lytic activity against 79.06% of tested S. aureus strains, highlighting its species specificity. Additionally, VL10 effectively targets MRSA biofilms, reducing biomass and viable cells. In MRSA-infected G. mellonella larvae, VL10 enhances survival rates, supporting its potential for phage therapy applications. Moreover, the emergence of VL10-resistant S. aureus strains associated with fitness trade-offs, including reduced growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. Altogether, these findings emphasize VL10 as a promising candidate for developing therapeutic agents against MRSA infections, providing insights into phage biology and resistance dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varintip Lerdsittikul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Sukanya Apiratwarrasakul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thassanant Atithep
- Frontier Research Center, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Patoo Withatanung
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research and Excellence in Allergy and Immunology (SiALL), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Jiang Z, Li J, Wang J, Pan Y, Liang S, Hu Y, Wang L. Multifunctional fucoidan-loaded Zn-MOF-encapsulated microneedles for MRSA-infected wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:152. [PMID: 38575979 PMCID: PMC10996189 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Infected wound healing remains a challenging task in clinical practice due to several factors: (I) drug-resistant infections caused by various pathogens, (II) persistent inflammation that hinders tissue regeneration and (III) the ability of pathogens to persist intracellularly and evade antibiotic treatment. Microneedle patches (MNs), recognized for their effecacious and painless subcutaneous drug delivery, could greatly enhance wound healing if integrated with antibacterial functionality and tissue regenerative potential. A multifunctional agent with subcellular targeting capability and contained novel antibacterial components, upon loading onto MNs, could yield excellent therapeutic effects on wound infections. In this study, we sythesised a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs) loaded with low molecular weight fucoidan (Fu) and further coating by hyaluronic acid (HA), obtained a multifunctional HAZ@Fu NPs, which could hinders Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth and promotes M2 polarization in macrophages. We mixed HAZ@Fu NPs with photocrosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and loaded it into the tips of the MNs (HAZ@Fu MNs), administered to mice model with MRSA-infected full-thickness cutaneous wounds. MNs are able to penetrate the skin barrier, delivering HAZ@Fu NPs into the dermal layer. Since cells within infected tissues extensively express the HA receptor CD44, we also confirmed the HA endows the nanoparticles with the ability to target MRSA in subcellular level. In vitro and in vivo murine studies have demonstrated that MNs are capable of delivering HAZ@Fu NPs deep into the dermal layers. And facilitated by the HA coating, HAZ@Fu NPs could target MRSA surviving at the subcellular level. The effective components, such as zinc ions, Fu, and hyaluronic acid could sustainably released, which contributes to antibacterial activity, mitigates inflammation, promotes epithelial regeneration and fosters neovascularization. Through the RNA sequencing of macrophages post co-culture with HAZ@Fu, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis reveals that the biological functionalities associated with wound healing could potentially be facilitated through the PI3K-Akt pathway. The results indicate that the synergistic application of HAZ@Fu NPs with biodegradable MNs may serve as a significant adjunct in the treatment of infected wounds. The intricate mechanisms driving its biological effects merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- University Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- University Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- University Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixiao Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- University Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuailong Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- University Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- University Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Molecular Aspects of the Functioning of Pathogenic Bacteria Biofilm Based on Quorum Sensing (QS) Signal-Response System and Innovative Non-Antibiotic Strategies for Their Elimination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2655. [PMID: 38473900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the key mechanisms enabling bacterial cells to create biofilms and regulate crucial life functions in a global and highly synchronized way is a bacterial communication system called quorum sensing (QS). QS is a bacterial cell-to-cell communication process that depends on the bacterial population density and is mediated by small signalling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). In bacteria, QS controls the biofilm formation through the global regulation of gene expression involved in the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) synthesis, virulence factor production, stress tolerance and metabolic adaptation. Forming biofilm is one of the crucial mechanisms of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A common feature of human pathogens is the ability to form biofilm, which poses a serious medical issue due to their high susceptibility to traditional antibiotics. Because QS is associated with virulence and biofilm formation, there is a belief that inhibition of QS activity called quorum quenching (QQ) may provide alternative therapeutic methods for treating microbial infections. This review summarises recent progress in biofilm research, focusing on the mechanisms by which biofilms, especially those formed by pathogenic bacteria, become resistant to antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, a potential alternative approach to QS inhibition highlighting innovative non-antibiotic strategies to control AMR and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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Fortaleza JAG, Ong CJN, De Jesus R. Efficacy and clinical potential of phage therapy in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: A review. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2024; 14:13-25. [PMID: 38305804 PMCID: PMC10895361 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2023.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections have already presented a substantial public health challenge, encompassing different clinical manifestations, ranging from bacteremia to sepsis and multi-organ failures. Among these infections, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is particularly alarming due to its well-documented resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, contributing significantly to global mortality rates. Consequently, the urgent need for effective treatment options has prompted a growing interest in exploring phage therapy as a potential non-antibiotic treatment against MRSA infections. Phages represent a class of highly specific bacterial viruses known for their ability to infect certain bacterial strains. This review paper explores the clinical potential of phages as a treatment for MRSA infections due to their low toxicity and auto-dosing capabilities. The paper also discusses the synergistic effect of phage-antibiotic combination (PAC) and the promising results from in vitro and animal model studies, which could lead to extensive human clinical trials. However, clinicians need to establish and adhere to standard protocols governing phage administration and implementation. Prominent clinical trials are needed to develop and advance phage therapy as a non-antibiotic therapy intervention, meeting regulatory guidelines, logistical requirements, and ethical considerations, potentially revolutionizing the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Allen G Fortaleza
- 1Senior High School Department, NU Fairview Incorporated, Quezon City, 1118, Philippines
- 2National University, Philippines, Sampaloc, Manila, 1008, Philippines
| | | | - Rener De Jesus
- 4Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Gliźniewicz M, Miłek D, Olszewska P, Czajkowski A, Serwin N, Cecerska-Heryć E, Dołęgowska B, Grygorcewicz B. Advances in bacteriophage-mediated strategies for combating polymicrobial biofilms. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1320345. [PMID: 38249486 PMCID: PMC10797108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1320345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi tend to coexist within biofilms instead of in planktonic states. Usually, such communities include cross-kingdom microorganisms, which make them harder to remove from abiotic surfaces or infection sites. Additionally, the produced biofilm matrix protects embedded microorganisms from antibiotics, disinfectants, or the host immune system. Therefore, classic therapies based on antibiotics might be ineffective, especially when multidrug-resistant bacteria are causative factors. The complexities surrounding the eradication of biofilms from diverse surfaces and the human body have spurred the exploration of alternative therapeutic modalities. Among these options, bacteriophages and their enzymatic counterparts have emerged as promising candidates, either employed independently or in synergy with antibiotics and other agents. Phages are natural bacteria killers because of mechanisms of action that differ from antibiotics, phages might answer worldwide problems with bacterial infections. In this review, we report the attempts to use bacteriophages in combating polymicrobial biofilms in in vitro studies, using different models, including the therapeutical use of phages. In addition, we sum up the advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gliźniewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Miłek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Olszewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Czajkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection Processes, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
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Blasco L, Tomás M. Use of Galleria mellonella as an Animal Model for Studying the Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteriophages with Potential Use in Phage Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2734:171-180. [PMID: 38066369 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3523-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Interest in phage therapy has increased in the last decade, and animal models have become essential in this field. The larval stage of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, represents an easy-to-handle model. The larvae have an innate immune response and survive at 37 °C, which is ideal for infection and antimicrobial studies with bacteriophages. In this chapter, we describe the procedures used to study the antimicrobial activity of bacteriophages in a G. mellonella infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Blasco
- Traslational and Multidisciplinary Microbiology (MicroTM), Biomedical Research Institute A Coruña (INIBIC), Microbiology Department, Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Study Group on Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to Antimicrobials (GEMARA), Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tomás
- Traslational and Multidisciplinary Microbiology (MicroTM), Biomedical Research Institute A Coruña (INIBIC), Microbiology Department, Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.
- Study Group on Mechanisms of Action and Resistance to Antimicrobials (GEMARA), Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), Madrid, Spain.
- MePRAM, Proyecto de Medicina de Precisión contra las resistencias Antimicrobianas, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Topka G, Mantej J, Grabowski Ł, Necel A, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Propagation, Purification, and Characterization of Bacteriophages for Phage Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2738:357-400. [PMID: 37966610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3549-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Phage therapy is an alternative approach to combat bacterial infections. In this approach, bacteriophages are used as antimicrobial agents due to their properties to infect specific bacterial cells, to propagate inside their hosts, and to lyse host cell to release progeny phages. However, to introduce bacteriophages to clinical or veterinary practice, it is necessary to construct a large library of precisely characterized phages. Therefore, in this chapter, methods for propagation, purification, and microbiological characterization of bacteriophages are presented in the light of their potential use in phage therapy. Isolation of newly discovered bacteriophages from different habitats is also described as it is a preliminary assessment of their efficacy in combating bacterial biofilms and in the treatment of bacterial infections in a simple insect model-Galleria mellonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Necel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Phage Therapy Laboratory, University Center for Applied and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Plumet L, Morsli M, Ahmad-Mansour N, Clavijo-Coppens F, Berry L, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, Costechareyre D, Molle V. Isolation and Characterization of New Bacteriophages against Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates from Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Viruses 2023; 15:2287. [PMID: 38140529 PMCID: PMC10747802 DOI: 10.3390/v15122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus sp. is the most common bacterial genus in infections related to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria places a serious burden on public health systems. Phage therapy is an alternative treatment to antibiotics, overcoming the issue of antibiotic resistance. In this study, six phages (SAVM01 to SAVM06) were isolated from effluents and were used against a panel of staphylococcal clinical samples isolated from DFUs. A genomic analysis revealed that the phages belonged to the Herelleviridae family, with sequences similar to those of the Kayvirus genus. No lysogeny-associated genes, known virulence or drug resistance genes were identified in the phage genomes. The phages displayed a strong lytic and antibiofilm activity against DFU clinical isolates, as well as against opportunistic pathogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci. The results presented here suggest that these phages could be effective biocontrol agents against staphylococcal clinical isolates from DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Plumet
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
| | - Madjid Morsli
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Nour Ahmad-Mansour
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
| | | | - Laurence Berry
- Laboratory of Pathogen and Host Immunity, CNRS UMR5294, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Albert Sotto
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France;
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | | | - Virginie Molle
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
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Grygorcewicz B, Gliźniewicz M, Olszewska P, Miłek D, Czajkowski A, Serwin N, Cecerska-Heryć E, Rakoczy R. Response Surface Methodology Application for Bacteriophage-Antibiotic Antibiofilm Activity Optimization. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2352. [PMID: 37764196 PMCID: PMC10536537 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage-antibiotic combination-based protocols are presently under heightened investigation. This paradigm extends to engagements with bacterial biofilms, necessitating novel computational approaches to comprehensively characterize and optimize the outcomes achievable via these combinations. This study aimed to explore the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in optimizing the antibiofilm activity of bacteriophage-antibiotic combinations. We employ a combination of antibiotics (gentamicin, meropenem, amikacin, ceftazidime, fosfomycin, imipenem, and colistin) alongside the bacteriophage vB_AbaP_AGC01 to combat Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm. Based on the conducted biofilm challenge assays analyzed using the RSM, the optimal points of antibiofilm activity efficacy were effectively selected by applying this methodology, enabling the quantifiable mathematical representations. Subsequent optimization showed the synergistic potential of the anti-biofilm that arises when antibiotics are judiciously combined with the AGC01 bacteriophage, reducing biofilm biomass by up to 80% depending on the antibiotic used. The data suggest that the phage-imipenem combination demonstrates the highest efficacy, with an 88.74% reduction. Notably, the lower concentrations characterized by a high maximum reduction in biofilm biomass were observed in the phage-amikacin combination at cA = 0.00195 and cP = 0.38 as the option that required minimum resources. It is worth noting that only gentamicin antagonism between the phage and the antibiotic was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marta Gliźniewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Patrycja Olszewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Dominika Miłek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Artur Czajkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (P.O.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (N.S.); (E.C.-H.)
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
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Jo SJ, Kwon J, Kim SG, Lee SJ. The Biotechnological Application of Bacteriophages: What to Do and Where to Go in the Middle of the Post-Antibiotic Era. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2311. [PMID: 37764155 PMCID: PMC10534921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amid the escalating challenges of antibiotic resistance, bacterial infections have emerged as a global threat. Bacteriophages (phages), viral entities capable of selectively infecting bacteria, are gaining momentum as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Their distinctive attributes, including host specificity, inherent self-amplification, and potential synergy with antibiotics, render them compelling candidates. Phage engineering, a burgeoning discipline, involves the strategic modification of bacteriophages to enhance their therapeutic potential and broaden their applications. The integration of CRISPR-Cas systems facilitates precise genetic modifications, enabling phages to serve as carriers of functional genes/proteins, thereby enhancing diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapy. Phage engineering holds promise in transforming precision medicine, addressing antibiotic resistance, and advancing diverse applications. Emphasizing the profound therapeutic potential of phages, this review underscores their pivotal role in combatting bacterial diseases and highlights their significance in the post-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan City 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseoro, Seowon-gu, Cheong-ju City 28674, Republic of Korea
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Marshall K, Marsella R. Topical Bacteriophage Therapy for Staphylococcal Superficial Pyoderma in Horses: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:828. [PMID: 37375518 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophages, which are benign viruses that kill bacteria, are promising. We studied the efficacy of topical bacteriophages for treating equine staphylococcal superficial pyodermas. Eight Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested against a bacteriophage bank, and a cocktail consisting of two bacteriophages was prepared. Twenty horses with clinical and cytological evidence of superficial pyoderma and confirmed S. aureus infection based on swabbed culture were enrolled in the study. Each horse received both the bacteriophage cocktail and the placebo at two different infection sites, once daily for four weeks. Clinical lesions and cytology were evaluated weekly by an investigator who was unaware of the treatment sites. All infection sites were swabbed and cultured at the end of the study. A linear mixed model showed no significant differences between the placebo and treatment sites in terms of clinical signs, cytological scores of inflammation, and bacterial counts at the end of the study. It is possible that the bacteriophage cocktail killed S. aureus, but cytology scores did not change as new populations of cocci took over. The study limitations included a small sample size and inconsistent control of the underlying causes of pyodermas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalie Marshall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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12
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Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Stasiłojć M, Stasiłojć G, Kaźmierczak N, Piechowicz L. The Influence of Bacteriophages on the Metabolic Condition of Human Fibroblasts in Light of the Safety of Phage Therapy in Staphylococcal Skin Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065961. [PMID: 36983034 PMCID: PMC10055722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has been successfully used as an experimental therapy in the treatment of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA)-caused skin infections and is seen as the most promising alternative to antibiotics. However, in recent years a number of reports indicating that phages can interact with eukaryotic cells emerged. Therefore, there is a need to re-evaluate phage therapy in light of safety. It is important to analyze not only the cytotoxicity of phages alone but also the impact their lytic activity against bacteria may have on human cells. As progeny virions rupture the cell wall, lipoteichoic acids are released in high quantities. It has been shown that they act as inflammatory agents and their presence could lead to the worsening of the patient's condition and influence their recovery. In our work, we have tested if the treatment of normal human fibroblasts with staphylococcal phages will influence the metabolic state of the cell and the integrity of cell membranes. We have also analyzed the effectiveness of bacteriophages in reducing the number of MDRSA attached to human fibroblasts and the influence of the lytic activity of phages on cell viability. We observed that, out of three tested anti-Staphylococcal phages-vB_SauM-A, vB_SauM-C and vB_SauM-D-high concentrations (109 PFU/mL) of two, vB_SauM-A and vB_SauM-D, showed a negative impact on the viability of human fibroblasts. However, a dose of 107 PFU/mL had no effect on the metabolic activity or membrane integrity of the cells. We also observed that the addition of phages alleviated the negative effect of the MDRSA infection on fibroblasts' viability, as phages were able to effectively reduce the number of bacteria in the co-culture. We believe that these results will contribute to a better understanding of the influence of phage therapy on human cells and encourage even more studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stasiłojć
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kaźmierczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
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Levy E, Marcil V, Tagharist Ép Baumel S, Dahan N, Delvin E, Spahis S. Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Lactoferrin–Osteopontin Complex: A Critical Look on Their Role in Perinatal Period and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061394. [PMID: 36986124 PMCID: PMC10052990 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived bioactive proteins have increasingly gained attention and consideration throughout the world due to their high-quality amino acids and multiple health-promoting attributes. Apparently, being at the forefront of functional foods, these bioactive proteins are also suggested as potential alternatives for the management of various complex diseases. In this review, we will focus on lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN), two multifunctional dairy proteins, as well as to their naturally occurring bioactive LF–OPN complex. While describing their wide variety of physiological, biochemical, and nutritional functionalities, we will emphasize their specific roles in the perinatal period. Afterwards, we will evaluate their ability to control oxidative stress, inflammation, gut mucosal barrier, and intestinal microbiota in link with cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) and associated complications (diabetes and atherosclerosis). This review will not only attempt to highlight the mechanisms of action, but it will critically discuss the potential therapeutic applications of the underlined bioactive proteins in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Sarah Tagharist Ép Baumel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Noam Dahan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4832
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Sadrati N, Zerroug A, Demirel R, Harzallah D. Anti-multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and anti-dermatophyte activities of secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungus Penicillium brevicompactum ANT13 associated with the Algerian endemic plant Abies numidica. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:110. [PMID: 36884139 PMCID: PMC9994407 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to identify and assess the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi found in the endemic plant Abies numidica. Among all isolates, the ANT13 isolate demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity in the preliminary screening, particularly Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Candida albicans ATCC 1024, with inhibition zones of 22 and 21.5 mm, respectively. Based on its morphological and molecular features, this isolate was identified as Penicillium brevicompactum. The maximum activity was observed in the ethyl acetate extract, followed by the dichloromethane extract; however, the n-hexane extract exhibited no activity. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated very significant activity against the five strains of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus used, with average zones of inhibition ranging from 21 to 26 mm, in contrast to more resistant Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49452 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876. The ethyl acetate extract was also very active against dermatophytes, where the zones of inhibition for Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum were 23.5, 31, 43, 47, and 53.5 mm, respectively. The MIC values for dermatophytes ranged between 100 and 3200 µg/mL. The wild isolate of Penicillium brevicompactum ANT13 discovered as an endophyte in Abies numidica may be a distinctive source of novel compounds and drug discovery to trait dermatophytes and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouari Sadrati
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria.
- Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences and the Universes, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, 34000, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria.
| | - Amina Zerroug
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
- Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences and the Universes, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, 34000, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
| | - Rasime Demirel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Daoud Harzallah
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
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15
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Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Lytic Phage DCp1 against Clostridium perfringens Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044191. [PMID: 36835606 PMCID: PMC9965233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is one of the foremost pathogens responsible for diarrhea in foals. As antibiotic resistance increases, phages that specifically lyse bacteria are of great interest to us with regard to C. perfringens. In this study, a novel C. perfringens phage DCp1 was isolated from the sewage of a donkey farm. Phage DCp1 had a non-contractile short tail (40 nm in length) and a regular icosahedral head (46 nm in diameter). Whole-genome sequencing indicated that phage DCp1 had a linear double-stranded DNA genome with a total length of 18,555 bp and a G + C content of 28.2%. A total of 25 ORFs were identified in the genome, 6 of which had been assigned to functional genes, others were annotated to encode hypothetical proteins. The genome of phage DCp1 lacked any tRNA, virulence gene, drug resistance gene, or lysogenic gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that phage DCp1 belonged to the family Guelinviridae, Susfortunavirus. Biofilm assay showed that phage DCp1 was effective in inhibiting the formation of C. perfringens D22 biofilms. Phage DCp1 could completely degrade the biofilm after 5 h of interaction. The current study provides some basic information for further research on phage DCp1 and its application.
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16
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Panda SK, Buroni S, Swain SS, Bonacorsi A, da Fonseca Amorim EA, Kulshrestha M, da Silva LCN, Tiwari V. Recent advances to combat ESKAPE pathogens with special reference to essential oils. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1029098. [PMID: 36560948 PMCID: PMC9763703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacteria, especially ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), are a serious challenge worldwide. Due to the lack of discovery of novel antibiotics, in the past two decades, it has become necessary to search for new antibiotics or to study synergy with the existing antibiotics so as to counter life-threatening infections. Nature-derived compounds/based products are more efficient than the chemically synthesized ones with less resistance and lower side effects. In this descriptive review, we discuss the most promising therapeutics for the treatment of ESKAPE-related biofilms. The first aspect includes different types of natural agents [botanical drugs, essential oils (EOs), antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and endolysins] effective against ESKAPE pathogens. The second part of the review deals with special references to EOs/essential oil components (EOCs) (with some exclusive examples), mode of action (via interfering in the quorum-sensing pathways, disruption of biofilm and their inhibitory concentrations, expression of genes that are involved, other virulence factors), existing in literature so far. Moreover, different essential oils and their major constituents were critically discussed using in vivo models to target ESKAPE pathogens along with the studies involving existing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Centre of Environment Studies, Climate Change and Public Health, RUSA 2.0, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Silvia Buroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shasank Sekhar Swain
- Division of Microbiology and Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)–Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Andrea Bonacorsi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mukta Kulshrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Vishvanath Tiwari,
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17
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Qamar H, Owais M, Hussain T. Nano-microbial based technology employing polyvalent phage conjugate: A next generation weapon for antimicrobial resistance lurking behind wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114079. [PMID: 36030912 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, due to a dearth of innovative interventions, new forms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are being discovered every day in clinical and environmental settings. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these contaminants directly or indirectly from the environment. Nanomicrobial-based technology employing nanomaterials with microbes is a new paradigm that finds a place in the antimicrobial crisis. Microbial entities such as phages can be used to treat antimicrobial resistance, but phage resistance is challenging and limits its applicability. Similarly, nanotechnology will not be able to selectively remove resistant strains from the environment individually. Therefore, we employ nanomicrobial-based technology that aims to fill these gaps. In the present study, polyvalent phages were isolated from wastewater with an easy-to-use modified multi-host sequential approach, characterized and conjugated with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with the modified formulation to form nanomicrobial conjugates (NMCs). These NMCs were subjected to characterization and in vitro antibacterial studies. The results indicated a significant polyvalency of phages in the order of Caudovirales. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles formed by the co-precipitation method showed a particle size of 30 ± 5 nm and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern indicates a single-phase crystalline structure. To form NMCs, isolated phages (105 PFU/mL) were immobilized onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Further, surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles enables the covalent association of phages. Biosurfactant-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNMCs) were found to have higher phage loading capacity, with a significant value of p < 0.0127 and a zeta potential of -22.2 mV. TEM studies and in vitro biofilm assay showed that NMCs exhibit promising antibacterial activity against various resistant bacterial strains. Pilot studies showed that NMCs can selectively eliminate up to 98.3% of AMR in wastewater. Thus, these findings indicate a synergistic effect of both phage and nanomaterial and this technology is expected to be a new lead in wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qamar
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
| | - Mohd Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Touseef Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Kaźmierczak N, Piechowicz L. Activity of Phage–Lactoferrin Mixture against Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091256. [PMID: 36140035 PMCID: PMC9495459 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex bacterial structures composed of bacterial cells embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) consisting of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. As a result, biofilms are difficult to eradicate using both mechanical methods, i.e., scraping, and chemical methods such as disinfectants or antibiotics. Bacteriophages are shown to be able to act as anti-biofilm agents, with the ability to penetrate through the matrix and reach the bacterial cells. However, they also seem to have their limitations. After several hours of treatment with phages, the biofilm tends to grow back and phage-resistant bacteria emerge. Therefore, it is now recommended to use a mixture of phages and other antibacterial agents in order to increase treatment efficiency. In our work we have paired staphylococcal phages with lactoferrin, a protein with proven anti-biofilm proprieties. By analyzing the biofilm biomass and metabolic activity, we have observed that the addition of lactoferrin to phage lysate accelerated the anti-biofilm effect of phages and also prevented biofilm re-growth. Therefore, this combination might have a potential use in biofilm eradication procedures in medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kaźmierczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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