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Li Y, Tang X, Wang B, Chen M, Zheng J, Chang K. Current landscape of exosomal non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer: Modulators and biomarkers. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1351-1362. [PMID: 39247145 PMCID: PMC11380467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has the highest frequency of diagnosis among solid tumors and ranks second as the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, frequently exhibit dysregulation and substantially impact the biological behavior of PCa. Compared with circulating ncRNAs, ncRNAs loaded into exosomes are more stable because of protection by the lipid bilayer. Furthermore, exosomal ncRNAs facilitate the intercellular transfer of molecules and information. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomal ncRNAs hold promising potential in the progression, diagnosis and prognosis of PCa. This review aims to discuss the functions of exosomal ncRNAs in PCa, evaluate their possible applications as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and provide a comprehensive overview of the ncRNAs regulatory network in PCa. We also identified ncRNAs that can be utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, grading and prognosis assessment in PCa. This review offers researchers a fresh perspective on the functions of exosomal ncRNAs in PCa and provides additional options for its diagnosis, progression monitoring, and prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, PR China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Binpan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, PR China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
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2
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Wurm AA, Brilloff S, Kolovich S, Schäfer S, Rahimian E, Kufrin V, Bill M, Carrero ZI, Drukewitz S, Krüger A, Hüther M, Uhrig S, Oster S, Westphal D, Meier F, Pfütze K, Hübschmann D, Horak P, Kreutzfeldt S, Richter D, Schröck E, Baretton G, Heining C, Möhrmann L, Fröhling S, Ball CR, Glimm H. Signaling-induced systematic repression of miRNAs uncovers cancer vulnerabilities and targeted therapy sensitivity. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101200. [PMID: 37734378 PMCID: PMC10591033 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies are effective in treating cancer, but success depends on identifying cancer vulnerabilities. In our study, we utilize small RNA sequencing to examine the impact of pathway activation on microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns. Interestingly, we discover that miRNAs capable of inhibiting key members of activated pathways are frequently diminished. Building on this observation, we develop an approach that integrates a low-miRNA-expression signature to identify druggable target genes in cancer. We train and validate our approach in colorectal cancer cells and extend it to diverse cancer models using patient-derived in vitro and in vivo systems. Finally, we demonstrate its additional value to support genomic and transcriptomic-based drug prediction strategies in a pan-cancer patient cohort from the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)/German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Molecularly Aided Stratification for Tumor Eradication (MASTER) precision oncology trial. In conclusion, our strategy can predict cancer vulnerabilities with high sensitivity and accuracy and might be suitable for future therapy recommendations in a variety of cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Wurm
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Silke Brilloff
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sofia Kolovich
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Schäfer
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Elahe Rahimian
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Vida Kufrin
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Bill
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zunamys I Carrero
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Drukewitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany; Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Krüger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany; Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Hüther
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Uhrig
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Oster
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany; Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Dana Westphal
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Centre Dresden and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Pfütze
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Sample Processing Laboratory, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hübschmann
- Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Horak
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Kreutzfeldt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Richter
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany; Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; ERN GENTURIS, Hereditary Cancer Syndrome Center Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany; Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Heining
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Lino Möhrmann
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, a partnership between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Lv T, Li Z, Wang D, Guo X, Zhang X, Cao J, Wang Z. Role of exosomes in prostate cancer bone metastasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 748:109784. [PMID: 37816420 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a preferred metastatic site of prostate cancer (PCa), and most patients with PCa metastases develop osteogenic bone metastasis, which manifests as disturbed bone structure and poor bone quality. However, the underlying mechanisms of PCa bone metastasis remain unclear. In recent years, increasing evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, in PCa bone metastasis. Exosomes are 30-150 nm in diameter, enclosing a cargo of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. Exosomes play a functional role in intercellular communication, modulate the functions of recipient cells, and potentially modulate bone microenvironment changes, thereby influencing the development of PCa bone metastasis. This review summarizes the involvement of exosomes in the imbalance between bone resorption and formation, and establishing a pre-metastatic niche in bone marrow, as well as potential clinical applications of exosomes in therapeutic strategies for treating patients with advanced PCa with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lv
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Dehua Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Guo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Xiaokuan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China.
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4
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Silvestri R, Nicolì V, Gangadharannambiar P, Crea F, Bootman MD. Calcium signalling pathways in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:524-543. [PMID: 36964408 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells proliferate, differentiate and migrate by repurposing physiological signalling mechanisms. In particular, altered calcium signalling is emerging as one of the most widespread adaptations in cancer cells. Remodelling of calcium signalling promotes the development of several malignancies, including prostate cancer. Gene expression data from in vitro, in vivo and bioinformatics studies using patient samples and xenografts have shown considerable changes in the expression of various components of the calcium signalling toolkit during the development of prostate cancer. Moreover, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that altered calcium signalling is a crucial component of the molecular re-programming that drives prostate cancer progression. Evidence points to calcium signalling re-modelling, commonly involving crosstalk between calcium and other cellular signalling pathways, underpinning the onset and temporal progression of this disease. Discrete alterations in calcium signalling have been implicated in hormone-sensitive, castration-resistant and aggressive variant forms of prostate cancer. Hence, modulation of calcium signals and downstream effector molecules is a plausible therapeutic strategy for both early and late stages of prostate cancer. Based on this premise, clinical trials have been undertaken to establish the feasibility of targeting calcium signalling specifically for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Martin D Bootman
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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5
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Prigol AN, Rode MP, da Luz Efe F, Saleh NA, Creczynski-Pasa TB. The Bone Microenvironment Soil in Prostate Cancer Metastasis: An miRNA Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4027. [PMID: 37627055 PMCID: PMC10452124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a high risk of mortality. Changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs seem to be related to early aspects of prostate cancer, as well as its establishment and proliferation, including the necessary steps for metastasis. Here we compiled, for the first time, the important roles of miRNAs in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of bone metastasis, focusing on recent in vivo and in vitro studies. PCa exosomes are proven to promote metastasis-related events, such as osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and proliferation. Aberrant miRNA expression in PCa may induce abnormal bone remodeling and support tumor development. Furthermore, miRNAs are capable of binding to multiple mRNA targets, a dynamic property that can be harnessed for the development of treatment tools, such as antagomiRs and miRNA mimics, which have emerged as promising candidates in PCa treatment. Finally, miRNAs may serve as noninvasive biomarkers, as they can be detected in tissue and bodily fluids, are highly stable, and show differential expression between nonmetastatic PCa and bone metastatic samples. Taken together, the findings underscore the importance of miRNA expression profiles and miRNA-based tools as rational technologies to increase the quality of life and longevity of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina State, Brazil; (A.N.P.); (M.P.R.); (F.d.L.E.); (N.A.S.)
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6
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Doghish AS, Elballal MS, Elazazy O, Elesawy AE, Shahin RK, Midan HM, Sallam AAM, Elbadry AM, Mohamed AK, Ishak NW, Hassan KA, Ayoub AM, Shalaby RE, Elrebehy MA. miRNAs as potential game-changers in bone diseases: Future medicinal and clinical uses. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154440. [PMID: 37031531 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short, highly conserved non-coding RNA, influence gene expression by sequential mechanisms such as mRNA breakdown or translational repression. Many biological processes depend on these regulating substances, thus changes in their expression have an impact on the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and result in the emergence of a variety of diseases. Relevant studies have shown in recent years that miRNAs are involved in many stages of bone development and growth. Additionally, abnormal production of miRNA in bone tissues has been closely associated with the development of numerous bone disorders, such as osteonecrosis, bone cancer, and bone metastases. Many pathological processes, including bone loss, metastasis, the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, are under the control of miRNAs. By bringing together the most up-to-date information on the clinical relevance of miRNAs in such diseases, this study hopes to further the study of the biological features of miRNAs in bone disorders and explore their potential as a therapeutic target.
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7
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Ying M, Mao J, Sheng L, Wu H, Bai G, Zhong Z, Pan Z. Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Detection and Prediction. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050705. [PMID: 37240875 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) causes deaths worldwide, ranking second after lung cancer. Bone metastasis (BM) frequently results from advanced PCa, affecting approximately 90% of patients, and it also often results in severe skeletal-related events. Traditional diagnostic methods for bone metastases, such as tissue biopsies and imaging, have substantial drawbacks. This article summarizes the significance of biomarkers in PCa accompanied with BM, including (1) bone formation markers like osteopontin (OPN), pro-collagen type I C-terminal pro-peptide (PICP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), pro-collagen type I N-terminal pro-peptide (PINP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC); (2) bone resorption markers, including C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), bone sialoprotein (BSP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), deoxypyridinoline (D-PYD), pyridoxine (PYD), and C-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP); (3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA); (4) neuroendocrine markers, such as chromogranin A (CgA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP); (5) liquid biopsy markers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), microRNA (miRNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and exosomes. In summary, some of these markers are already in widespread clinical use, while others still require further laboratory or clinical studies to validate their value for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuai Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Jianshui Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Lingchao Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Guangchao Bai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
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8
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Taipaleenmäki H. Secreted microRNAs in bone metastasis. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:358-364. [PMID: 37031329 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a common complication in several solid cancers, including breast, prostate, and lung. In the bone microenvironment, metastatic cancer cells disturb bone homeostasis leading to osteolytic or osteosclerotic lesions. Osteolytic lesions are characterized by an increased osteoclast-mediated bone resorption while osteosclerotic lesions are caused by enhanced activity of osteoblasts and formation of poor-quality bone. A common feature in bone metastasis is the complex interplay between the cancer cells and the cells of the bone microenvironment, which can occur already before the cancer cells enter the distant site. Cancer cells at the primary site can secrete soluble factors and extracellular vesicles to bone to create a "pre-metastatic niche" i.e., prime the microenvironment permissive for cancer cell homing, survival, and growth. Once in the bone, cancer cells secrete factors to activate the osteoclasts or osteoblasts and the so called "vicious cycle of bone metastases". These pathological cell-cell interactions are largely dependent on secreted proteins. However, increasing evidence demonstrates that secreted RNA molecules, in particular small non-coding microRNAs are critical mediators of the crosstalk between bone and cancer cells. This review article discusses the role of secreted miRNAs in bone metastasis development and progression, and their potential as non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Munich, Germany.
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Zabegina L, Zyatchin I, Kniazeva M, Shalaev A, Berkut M, Sharoyko V, Mikhailovskii V, Kondratov K, Reva S, Nosov A, Malek A. Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer through the Multi-Ligand Binding of Prostate-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and miRNA Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040885. [PMID: 37109414 PMCID: PMC10141197 DOI: 10.3390/life13040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of new non-invasive markers for prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis, prognosis, and management is an important issue that needs to be addressed to decrease PC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted by prostate gland or prostate cancer cells into the plasma are considered next-generation diagnostic tools because their chemical composition might reflect the PC development. The population of plasma vesicles is extremely heterogeneous. The study aimed to explore a new approach for prostate-derived SEV isolation followed by vesicular miRNA analysis. Methods: We used superparamagnetic particles functionalized by five types of DNA-aptamers binding the surface markers of prostate cells. Specificity of binding was assayed by AuNP-aptasensor. Prostate-derived SEVs were isolated from the plasma of 36 PC patients and 18 healthy donors and used for the assessment of twelve PC-associated miRNAs. The amplification ratio (amp-ratio) value was obtained for all pairs of miRNAs, and the diagnostic significance of these parameters was evaluated. Results: The multi-ligand binding approach doubled the efficiency of prostate-derived SEVs’ isolation and made it possible to purify a sufficient amount of vesicular RNA. The neighbor clusterization, using three pairs of microRNAs (miR-205/miR-375, miR-26b/miR375, and miR-20a/miR-375), allowed us to distinguish PC patients and donors with sensitivity—94%, specificity—76%, and accuracy—87%. Moreover, the amp-ratios of other miRNAs pairs reflected such parameters as plasma PSA level, prostate volume, and Gleason score of PC. Conclusions: Multi-ligand isolation of prostate-derived vesicles followed by vesicular miRNA analysis is a promising method for PC diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Zabegina
- Subcellular Technology Lab, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Zyatchin
- Department of Oncology No. 6, Pavlov First Medical State University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita Kniazeva
- Subcellular Technology Lab, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Shalaev
- Subcellular Technology Lab, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Berkut
- Surgical Department of Oncourology, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sharoyko
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Medical State University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Mikhailovskii
- Interdisciplinary Resource Center for Nanotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Kondratov
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, City Hospital No. 40, 197706 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Reva
- Department of Oncology No. 6, Pavlov First Medical State University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Surgical Department of Oncourology, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr Nosov
- Surgical Department of Oncourology, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Malek
- Subcellular Technology Lab, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Oncosystem Ltd., 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-960-250-46-80
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10
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Breast Cancer Exosomal microRNAs Facilitate Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation in the Bone: A Mathematical Model. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:12. [PMID: 36607440 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pre-metastatic niche is a location where cancer cells, separating from a primary tumor, find "fertile soil" for growth and proliferation, ensuring successful metastasis. Exosomal miRNAs of breast cancer are known to enter the bone and degrade it, which facilitates cancer cells invasion into the bone interior and ensures its successful colonization. In this paper, we use a mathematical model to first describe, in health, the continuous remodeling of the bone by bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts and the RANKL-OPG-RANK signaling system, which keeps the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. We next demonstrate how breast cancer exosomal miRNAs disrupt this balance, either by increasing or by decreasing the ratio of osteoclasts/osteoblasts, which results in abnormal high bone resorption or abnormal high bone forming, respectively, and in bone weakening in both cases. Finally we consider the case of abnormally high resorption and evaluate the effect of drugs, which may increase bone density to normal level, thus protecting the bone from invasion by cancer cells.
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11
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MiRNAs and snoRNAs in Bone Metastasis: Functional Roles and Clinical Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010242. [PMID: 36612237 PMCID: PMC9818347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a frequent site of metastasis. Bone metastasis is associated with a short-term prognosis in cancer patients, and current treatments aim to slow its growth, but are rarely curative. Thus, revealing molecular mechanisms that explain why metastatic cells are attracted to the bone micro-environment, and how they successfully settle in the bone marrow-taking advantage over bone resident cells-and grow into macro-metastasis, is essential to propose new therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs and snoRNAs are two classes of small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Recently, microRNAs and snoRNAs have been pointed out as important players in bone metastasis by (i) preparing the pre-metastatic niche, directly and indirectly affecting the activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, (ii) promoting metastatic properties within cancer cells, and (iii) acting as mediators within cells to support cancer cell growth in bone. This review aims to highlight the importance of microRNAs and snoRNAs in metastasis, specifically in bone, and how their roles can be linked together. We then discuss how microRNAs and snoRNAs are secreted by cancer cells and be found as extracellular vesicle cargo. Finally, we provide evidence of how microRNAs and snoRNAs can be potential therapeutic targets, at least in pre-clinical settings, and how their detection in liquid biopsies can be a useful diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker to predict the risk of relapse in cancer patients.
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12
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Huang G, Zhao Q, Li W, Jiao J, Zhao X, Feng D, Tang W. Exosomes: A new option for osteoporosis treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32402. [PMID: 36595975 PMCID: PMC9803424 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and destruction of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this disease remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles, structures originating from the plasma membrane and ranging from 30 nm to 5 µm in diameter, play an important role in intercellular communication in the bone microenvironment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that deliver cargo molecules, including endogenous proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These cargo molecules are encapsulated in a lipid bilayer and internalized by target cells through receptor-ligand interactions or lipid membrane fusion. With the advancement of exosome research, exosome therapy for osteoporosis is fast becoming a research hotspot for researchers. This review aims to discuss the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In addition, emerging diagnostic and therapeutic properties of exosomes are described to highlight the potential role of exosomes in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijiang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | - Qianhao Zhao
- Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming City, China
| | - Wenhu Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | | | - Xin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | - Dan Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | - Wei Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Tang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China (e-mail: )
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13
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Ollodart J, Contino KF, Deep G, Shiozawa Y. The impacts of exosomes on bone metastatic progression and their potential clinical utility. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101606. [PMID: 35910404 PMCID: PMC9335387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis. Once cancer metastasizes to the bone, the mortality rate of cancer patients dramatically increases. Although the exact mechanisms for this observation remain elusive, recent studies have revealed that the complex crosstalk between bone marrow microenvironment and bone metastatic cancer cells is responsible for the induction of treatment resistance. Consequently, bone metastasis is currently considered incurable. Bone metastasis not only impairs the patients' survival, but also negatively affects their quality of life by causing painful complications. It has recently been implicated the regulatory role of exosomes in cancer development and/or progression as a delivery biomaterial between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment. However, little is known as to how exosomes contribute to the progression of bone metastasis by impaction on the crosstalk between bone metastatic cancer cells and bone marrow microenvironment. Here, we highlighted the emerging roles of cancer-derived exosomes in (i) the process of dissemination and bone colonization of bone metastatic cancer cells, (ii) the enhancement of crosstalk between bone marrow microenvironment and bone metastatic cancer cells, (iii) the development of its resultant painful complications, and (iv) the clinical applications of exosomes in the bone metastatic setting. Cancer-derived exosomes facilitate cancer dissemination and colonization to bone. Cancer-derived exosomes are crucial for controlling bone metastatic phenotype. Cancer-derived exosomes prime bone marrow microenvironment for further metastasis. Cancer-derived exosomes are involved in development of cancer-induced bone pain. Exosomes can be used as therapies and/or diagnostic tools for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Ollodart
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kelly F Contino
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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14
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Pauk M, Saito H, Hesse E, Taipaleenmäki H. Muscle and Bone Defects in Metastatic Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:273-289. [PMID: 35994202 PMCID: PMC9522697 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review addresses most recently identified mechanisms implicated in metastasis-induced bone resorption and muscle-wasting syndrome, known as cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS Metastatic disease in bone and soft tissues is often associated with skeletal muscle defects. Recent studies have identified a number of secreted molecules and extracellular vesicles that contribute to cancer cell growth and metastasis leading to bone destruction and muscle atrophy. In addition, alterations in muscle microenvironment including dysfunctions in hepatic and mitochondrial metabolism have been implicated in cancer-induced regeneration defect and muscle loss. Moreover, we review novel in vitro and animal models including promising new drug candidates for bone metastases and cancer cachexia. Preservation of bone health could be highly beneficial for maintaining muscle mass and function. Therefore, a better understanding of molecular pathways implicated in bone and muscle crosstalk in metastatic disease may provide new insights and identify new strategies to improve current anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pauk
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eric Hesse
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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15
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Lai G, Zhao R, Zhuang W, Hou Z, Yang Z, He P, Wu J, Sang H. BMSC-derived exosomal miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p regulate bone remodeling in ovariectomized rats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13744. [PMID: 36168439 PMCID: PMC9509671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the bone marrow microenvironment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomal miRNAs play an important role in bone formation and bone resorption, although the pathogenesis has yet to be clarified. Methods BMSC-derived exosomes from ovariectomized rats (OVX-Exo) and sham-operated rats (Sham-Exo) were co-cultured with bone marrow-derived macrophages to study their effects on osteoclast differentiation. Next-generation sequencing was utilized to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between OVX-Exo and Sham-Exo, while target genes were analyzed using bioinformatics. The regulatory effects of miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and osteoclast differentiation were verified by gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses. Results Osteoclast differentiation was significantly enhanced in the OVX-Exo treatment group compared to the Sham-Exo group. Twenty DE-miRNAs were identified between OVX-Exo and Sham-Exo, among which miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p promoted the expressions of osteogenic differentiation markers in BMSCs. In contrast, knockdown of miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p increased the expressions of osteoclastic markers in osteoclast. These 20 DE-miRNAs were found to target 11435 mRNAs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that these target genes were involved in several biological processes and osteoporosis-related signaling pathways. Conclusion BMSC-derived exosomal miR-27a-3p and miR-196b-5p may play a positive regulatory role in bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renli Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weida Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuoxu Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxun Sang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Majood M, Rawat S, Mohanty S. Delineating the role of extracellular vesicles in cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966661. [PMID: 36059497 PMCID: PMC9439583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular messengers that aid in the formation and spread of cancer by enabling tumor-stroma communication. EVs develop from the very porous structure of late endosomes and hold information on both the intrinsic “status” of the cell and the extracellular signals absorbed by the cells from their surroundings. These EVs contain physiologically useful components, including as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, which have been found to activate important signaling pathways in tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells, aggravating tumor growth. We highlight critical cell biology mechanisms that link EVS formation to cargo sorting in cancer cells in this review.Sorting out the signals that control EVs creation, cargo, and delivery will aid our understanding of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we reviewed how cancer development and spreading behaviors are affected by coordinated communication between malignant and non-malignant cells. Herein, we studied the reciprocal exchanges via EVs in various cancer types. Further research into the pathophysiological functions of various EVs in tumor growth is likely to lead to the discovery of new biomarkers in liquid biopsy and the development of tumor-specific therapies.
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17
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Affects Protein and Lipid Content of Circulating Exosomes in Infected Patients Depending on Tuberculosis Disease State. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040783. [PMID: 35453532 PMCID: PMC9025801 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still one of the deadliest infectious diseases. Understanding how the host and pathogen interact in active TB will have a significant impact on global TB control efforts. Exosomes are increasingly recognized as a means of cell-to-cell contact and exchange of soluble mediators. In the case of TB, exosomes are released from the bacillus and infected cells. In the present study, a comprehensive lipidomics and proteomics analysis of size exclusion chromatography-isolated plasma-derived exosomes from patients with TB lymphadenitis (TBL) and treated as well as untreated pulmonary TB (PTB) was performed to elucidate the possibility to utilize exosomes in diagnostics and knowledge building. According to our findings, exosome-derived lipids and proteins originate from both the host and Mtb in the plasma of active TB patients. Exosomes from all patients are mostly composed of sphingomyelins (SM), phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAG), and cholesterylesters. Relative proportions of, e.g., SMs and TAGs, vary depending on the disease or treatment state and could be linked to Mtb pathogenesis and dormancy. We identified three proteins of Mtb origin: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta (RpoC), Diacyglycerol O-acyltransferase (Rv2285), and Formate hydrogenase (HycE), the latter of which was discovered to be differently expressed in TBL patients. Furthermore, we discovered that Mtb infection alters the host protein composition of circulating exosomes, significantly affecting a total of 37 proteins. All TB patients had low levels of apolipoproteins, as well as the antibacterial proteins cathelicidin, Scavenger Receptor Cysteine Rich Family Member (SSC5D), and Ficolin 3 (FCN3). When compared to healthy controls, the protein profiles of PTB and TBL were substantially linked, with 14 proteins being co-regulated. However, adhesion proteins (integrins, Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2), CD151, Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)) were shown to be more prevalent in PTB patients, while immunoglobulins, Complement component 1r (C1R), and Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) were found to be more abundant in TBL patients, respectively. This study could confirm findings from previous reports and uncover novel molecular profiles not previously in focus of TB research. However, we applied a minimally invasive sampling and analysis of circulating exosomes in TB patients. Based on the findings given here, future studies into host–pathogen interactions could pave the way for the development of new vaccines and therapies.
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