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Cossu D, Hattori N. Influence of aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation on Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1197-1198. [PMID: 37905862 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (Cossu D, Hattori N)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari University, Sassari, Italy (Cossu D)
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan (Cossu D, Hattori N)
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2
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Chen D, Zhou L, Chen G, Lin T, Lin J, Zhao X, Li W, Guo S, Wu R, Wang Z, Liu W. FUNDC1-induced mitophagy protects spinal cord neurons against ischemic injury. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:4. [PMID: 38177127 PMCID: PMC10766648 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Local ischemia and hypoxia are the most important pathological processes in the early phase of secondary spinal cord injury (SCI), in which mitochondria are the main target of ischemic injury. Mitochondrial autophagy, also known as mitophagy, acts as a selective autophagy that specifically identifies and degrades damaged mitochondria, thereby reducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Accumulating evidence shows that the mitophagy receptor, FUN14 domain-containing 1 (FUNDC1), plays an important role in ischemic injury, but the role of FUNDC1 in SCI has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether FUNDC1 can enhance mitophagy and inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the early stage of SCI. In a rat SCI model, we found that FUNDC1 overexpression enhanced neuronal autophagy and decreased neuronal apoptosis in the early stage of injury, thereby reducing spinal cord damage. In vitro studies showed that the neuroprotective effects of FUNDC1 were achieved by inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and improving mitochondrial function. In addition, FUNDC1 enhanced mitophagy. The protective effects of FUNDC1 against apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction were reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor. Taken together, our results confirm that FUNDC1 can protect against neuronal loss after SCI by inducing mitophagy, inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Linquan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Taotao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jiemin Lin
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Shengyu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Rongcan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Wenge Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Zodda E, Tura-Ceide O, Mills NL, Tarragó-Celada J, Carini M, Thomson TM, Cascante M. Autonomous metabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress characterize endothelial dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction. eLife 2023; 12:e86260. [PMID: 38014932 PMCID: PMC10871716 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has accumulated on the role of oxidative stress on the endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in acute coronary syndrome. Unveiling the underlying metabolic determinants has been hampered by the scarcity of appropriate cell models to address cell-autonomous mechanisms of EC dysfunction. We have generated endothelial cells derived from thrombectomy specimens from patients affected with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and conducted phenotypical and metabolic characterizations. AMI-derived endothelial cells (AMIECs) display impaired growth, migration, and tubulogenesis. Metabolically, AMIECs displayed augmented ROS and glutathione intracellular content, with a diminished glucose consumption coupled to high lactate production. In AMIECs, while PFKFB3 protein levels of were downregulated, PFKFB4 levels were upregulated, suggesting a shunting of glycolysis towards the pentose phosphate pathway, supported by upregulation of G6PD. Furthermore, the glutaminolytic enzyme GLS was upregulated in AMIECs, providing an explanation for the increase in glutathione content. Finally, AMIECs displayed a significantly higher mitochondrial membrane potential than control ECs, which, together with high ROS levels, suggests a coupled mitochondrial activity. We suggest that high mitochondrial proton coupling underlies the high production of ROS, balanced by PPP- and glutaminolysis-driven synthesis of glutathione, as a primary, cell-autonomous abnormality driving EC dysfunction in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zodda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona, National Research Council (IBMB-CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EDH)MadridSpain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)MadridSpain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)GironaSpain
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Josep Tarragó-Celada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Timothy M Thomson
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona, National Research Council (IBMB-CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EDH)MadridSpain
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EDH)MadridSpain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Bispo AG, Silva CS, Sena-dos-Santos C, Dalledone Moura D, Koshimoto BHB, Santos-Lobato BL, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Cavalcante GC. Investigation of PRKN Mutations in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2230. [PMID: 37626726 PMCID: PMC10452529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an important process that participates in mitochondrial quality control. Dysfunctions in this process can be caused by mutations in genes like PRKN and are associated with the development and progression of Parkinson's Disease (PD). The most used drug in the treatment of PD is levodopa (LD), but it can cause adverse effects, such as dyskinesia. Currently, few studies are searching for biomarkers for an effective use of lLD for this disease, especially regarding mitophagy genetics. Thus, this work investigates the association of 14 variants of the PRKN gene with LD in the treatment of PD. We recruited 70 patients with PD undergoing treatment with LD (39 without dyskinesia and 31 with dyskinesia). Genotyping was based on Sanger sequencing. Our results reinforce that age at onset of symptoms, duration of PD, and treatment and dosage of LD can influence the occurrence of dyskinesia but not the investigated PRKN variants. The perspective presented here of variants of mitophagy-related genes in the context of treatment with LD is still underexplored, although an association has been indicated in previous studies. We suggest that other variants in PRKN or in other mitophagy genes may participate in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabrielle Bispo
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Caio S. Silva
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Camille Sena-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Dafne Dalledone Moura
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (D.D.M.); (B.H.B.K.); (B.L.S.-L.)
| | - Brenda Hanae Bentes Koshimoto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (D.D.M.); (B.H.B.K.); (B.L.S.-L.)
| | - Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (D.D.M.); (B.H.B.K.); (B.L.S.-L.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Giovanna C. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
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Fields M, Marcuzzi A, Gonelli A, Celeghini C, Maximova N, Rimondi E. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants, an Innovative Class of Antioxidant Compounds for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Perspectives and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043739. [PMID: 36835150 PMCID: PMC9960436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a wide spectrum of pathologies characterized by progressive loss of neuronal functions and structures. Despite having different genetic backgrounds and etiology, in recent years, many studies have highlighted a point of convergence in the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration: mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been observed in different pathologies, and their detrimental effects on neurons contribute to the exacerbation of the pathological phenotype at various degrees. In this context, increasing relevance has been acquired by antioxidant therapies, with the purpose of restoring mitochondrial functions in order to revert the neuronal damage. However, conventional antioxidants were not able to specifically accumulate in diseased mitochondria, often eliciting harmful effects on the whole body. In the last decades, novel, precise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed and studied, both in vitro and in vivo, to address the need to counter the oxidative stress in mitochondria and restore the energy supply and membrane potentials in neurons. In this review, we focus on the activity and therapeutic perspectives of MitoQ, SkQ1, MitoVitE and MitoTEMPO, the most studied compounds belonging to the class of MTA conjugated to lipophilic cations, in order to reach the mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fields
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Celeghini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natalia Maximova
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Extracellular Vesicles in Aging: An Emerging Hallmark? Cells 2023; 12:cells12040527. [PMID: 36831194 PMCID: PMC9954704 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by cells and circulating in body fluids. Initially considered as a tool to dispose of unnecessary material, they are now considered an additional method to transmit cell signals. Aging is characterized by a progressive impairment of the physiological functions of tissues and organs. The causes of aging are complex and interconnected, but there is consensus that genomic instability, telomere erosion, epigenetic alteration, and defective proteostasis are primary hallmarks of the aging process. Recent studies have provided evidence that many of these primary stresses are associated with an increased release of EVs in cell models, able to spread senescence signals in the recipient cell. Additional investigations on the role of EVs during aging also demonstrated the great potential of EVs for the modulation of age-related phenotypes and for pro-rejuvenation therapies, potentially beneficial for many diseases associated with aging. Here we reviewed the current literature on EV secretion in senescent cell models and in old vs. young individual body fluids, as well as recent studies addressing the potential of EVs from different sources as an anti-aging tool. Although this is a recent field, the robust consensus on the altered EV release in aging suggests that altered EV secretion could be considered an emerging hallmark of aging.
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Yin Y, Shen H. Common methods in mitochondrial research (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:126. [PMID: 36004457 PMCID: PMC9448300 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Interplay between Zn2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Functions in Cardiovascular Diseases and Heart Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136890. [PMID: 35805904 PMCID: PMC9266371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an important role in cardiomyocytes, where it exists in bound and histochemically reactive labile Zn2+ forms. Although Zn2+ concentration is under tight control through several Zn2+-transporters, its concentration and intracellular distribution may vary during normal cardiac function and pathological conditions, when the protein levels and efficacy of Zn2+ transporters can lead to zinc re-distribution among organelles in cardiomyocytes. Such dysregulation of cellular Zn2+ homeostasis leads to mitochondrial and ER stresses, and interrupts normal ER/mitochondria cross-talk and mitophagy, which subsequently, result in increased ROS production and dysregulated metabolic function. Besides cardiac structural and functional defects, insufficient Zn2+ supply was associated with heart development abnormalities, induction and progression of cardiovascular diseases, resulting in accelerated cardiac ageing. In the present review, we summarize the recently identified connections between cellular and mitochondrial Zn2+ homeostasis, ER stress and mitophagy in heart development, excitation–contraction coupling, heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Additionally, we discuss the role of Zn2+ in accelerated heart ageing and ageing-associated rise of mitochondrial ROS and cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Damiano FP, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040675. [PMID: 35203322 PMCID: PMC8870554 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in cell bioenergetics, regulation of redox homeostasis, and cell death/survival signaling. An immunostimulatory property of mitochondria has also been recognized which is deployed through the extracellular release of entire or portioned organelle and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) unloading. Dynamic homo- and heterotypic interactions involving mitochondria have been described. Each type of connection has functional implications that eventually optimize mitochondrial activity according to the bioenergetic demands of a specific cell/tissue. Inter-organelle communications may also serve as molecular platforms for the extracellular release of mitochondrial components and subsequent ignition of systemic inflammation. Age-related chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased extracellular release of mitochondrial components—in particular, cell-free mtDNA. The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence further supports the central role of mitochondria in the aging process and its related conditions. Here, we provide an overview of (1) the mitochondrial genetic system and the potential routes for generating and releasing mtDNA intermediates; (2) the pro-inflammatory pathways elicited by circulating mtDNA; (3) the participation of inter-organelle contacts to mtDNA homeostasis; and (4) the link of these processes with senescence and age-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559; Fax: +39-06-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco P. Damiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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