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Torresan F, Iacobone C, Giorgino F, Iacobone M. Genetic and Molecular Biomarkers in Aggressive Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7142. [PMID: 39000254 PMCID: PMC11241596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neoplasms producing catecholamines that occur as hereditary syndromes in 25-40% of cases. To date, PPGLs are no longer classified as benign and malignant tumors since any lesion could theoretically metastasize, even if it occurs only in a minority of cases (approximately 10-30%). Over the last decades, several attempts were made to develop a scoring system able to predict the risk of aggressive behavior at diagnosis, including the risk of metastases and disease recurrence; unfortunately, none of the available scores is able to accurately predict the risk of aggressive behavior, even including clinical, biochemical, and histopathological features. Thus, life-long follow-up is required in PPGL patients. Some recent studies focusing on genetic and molecular markers (involved in hypoxia regulation, gene transcription, cellular growth, differentiation, signaling pathways, and apoptosis) seem to indicate they are promising prognostic factors, even though their clinical significance needs to be further evaluated. The most involved pathways in PPGLs with aggressive behavior are represented by Krebs cycle alterations caused by succinate dehydrogenase subunits (SDHx), especially when caused by SDHB mutations, and by fumarate hydratase mutations that lead to the activation of hypoxia pathways and DNA hypermethylation, suggesting a common pathway in tumorigenesis. Conversely, PPGLs showing mutations in the kinase cascade (cluster 2) tend to display less aggressive behavior. Finally, establishing pathways of tumorigenesis is also fundamental to developing new drugs targeted to specific pathways and improving the survival of patients with metastatic disease. Unfortunately, the rarity of these tumors and the scarce number of cases enrolled in the available studies represents an obstacle to validating the role of molecular markers as reliable predictors of aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Torresan
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Clelia Iacobone
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (C.I.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (C.I.); (F.G.)
| | - Maurizio Iacobone
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
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Muñoz MC, Febrero B, Abellán M, Hernández AM, Rodríguez JM. Differences between Patients with Sporadic and Familial Pheochromocytoma-Is It Possible to Avoid Genetic Testing in Certain Patients? Biomedicines 2024; 12:1352. [PMID: 38927559 PMCID: PMC11202019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) is a rare neuroendocrine tumour with a strong genetic link, which therefore may modify its clinical behaviour and prognosis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical differences between patients with sporadic and familial PHEO, as well as the specific differences in the index cases. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 136 patients in a tertiary hospital (1984-2021). Epidemiological, clinical, and histological variables were analysed. STATISTICS SPSS 28.0 software was used. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS 64.71% of the cases (n = 88) presented a genetic mutation (familial cases). Additionally, 32.39% (n = 23) corresponded to index cases and the rest to screening cases. The main differences between patients with familial and sporadic PHEO were age (OR = 0.93 (0.89-0.97)), blood pressure-related symptoms (OR = 0.22 (0.06-0.89)), bilaterality (OR = 15.49 (3.76-63.84)), and size (OR = 0.70 (0.54-0.92)). Among patients with sporadic PHEO and index cases, only bilaterality was significant (OR = 13.53 (1.24-144.34)). CONCLUSIONS Patients with familial PHEO diagnosed by screening differ from sporadic cases in terms of age, clinical features, and size. However, patients with sporadic PHEO only differ from index cases by a lower presence of bilaterality, which reaffirms the importance of genetic screening of patients with PHEO and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Consuelo Muñoz
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Comarcal del Noroeste, 30400 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Febrero
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (J.M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB_Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Abellán
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (J.M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB_Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Miguel Hernández
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (J.M.R.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB_Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Yazici G, Kahvecioglu A, Yuce Sari S, Ozyigit G, Yildiz D, Cengiz M. Stereotactic radiotherapy for head and neck paragangliomas: How long should we wait for treatment response? Radiother Oncol 2024; 195:110232. [PMID: 38499272 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is an effective treatment for head & neck (H&N) paragangliomas. Nevertheless, the timeline for achieving a tumor-volume-reduction (TVR) remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three cases with H&N paragangliomas received definitive SRT and were evaluated retrospectively. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistics. RESULTS Sixty-eight lesions were irradiated, with glomus jugulotympanicum being the most common location (44 %). Median tumor diameter and volume were 3 cm (range, 1-7.6 cm) and 15.4 cm3 (range,1-185 cm3), respectively. Median dose was 25 Gy (range, 12-37.5 Gy) in 5 fractions (range, 1-5 fractions). Median follow-up was 40 months (range, 3-184 months). Treatment response, evaluated at a median 4.6 months post-SRT (range: 3-11 months), revealed TVR in 26 cases (41 %). During follow-up, 13 additional cases showed TVR, resulting in an overall TVR rate of 62 %. The median duration for attaining TVR was 9 months (range, 3-36 months) after SRT, and TVR occurred ≥ 12 months in 42 % of cases. Patients without prior surgery (p = 0.03) and with a longer follow-up (p = 0.04) demonstrated a higher rate of TVR. The likelihood of TVR tends to increase as the SRT dose increases (p = 0.06). Overall local control (LC) rate was 100 %. No ≥ grade 3 acute or late toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION While SRT demonstrates an excellent LC rate for H&N paragangliomas, it's important to note that the response to treatment may require time. TVR may last beyond the initial year of treatment in a substantial proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Yazici
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Alper Kahvecioglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sezin Yuce Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Ozyigit
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Demet Yildiz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Cengiz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Jeeyavudeen MS, Mathiyalagan N, Fernandez James C, Pappachan JM. Tumor metabolism in pheochromocytomas: clinical and therapeutic implications. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:349-373. [PMID: 38745767 PMCID: PMC11090696 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) have emerged as one of the most common endocrine tumors. It epitomizes fascinating crossroads of genetic, metabolic, and endocrine oncology, providing a canvas to explore the molecular intricacies of tumor biology. Predominantly rooted in the aberration of metabolic pathways, particularly the Krebs cycle and related enzymatic functionalities, PPGLs manifest an intriguing metabolic profile, highlighting elevated levels of oncometabolites like succinate and fumarate, and furthering cellular malignancy and genomic instability. This comprehensive review aims to delineate the multifaceted aspects of tumor metabolism in PPGLs, encapsulating genetic factors, oncometabolites, and potential therapeutic avenues, thereby providing a cohesive understanding of metabolic disturbances and their ramifications in tumorigenesis and disease progression. Initial investigations into PPGLs metabolomics unveiled a stark correlation between specific genetic mutations, notably in the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHx) genes, and the accumulation of oncometabolites, establishing a pivotal role in epigenetic alterations and hypoxia-inducible pathways. By scrutinizing voluminous metabolic studies and exploiting technologies, novel insights into the metabolic and genetic aspects of PPGLs are perpetually being gathered elucidating complex interactions and molecular machinations. Additionally, the exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic abnormalities has burgeoned harboring potential for innovative and efficacious treatment modalities. This review encapsulates the profound metabolic complexities of PPGLs, aiming to foster an enriched understanding and pave the way for future investigations and therapeutic innovations in managing these metabolically unique tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navin Mathiyalagan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, NG5 1PB Nottingham, UK
| | - Cornelius Fernandez James
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, PE21 9QS Boston, UK
| | - Joseph M. Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, PR2 9HT Preston, UK
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, M15 6BH Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
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Qin S, Xu Y, Yu S, Han W, Fan S, Ai W, Zhang K, Wang Y, Zhou X, Shen Q, Gong K, Sun L, Zhang Z. Molecular classification and tumor microenvironment characteristics in pheochromocytomas. eLife 2024; 12:RP87586. [PMID: 38407266 PMCID: PMC10942623 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland. However, the cellular molecular characteristics and immune microenvironment of PCCs are incompletely understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 16 tissues from 4 sporadic unclassified PCC patients and 1 hereditary PCC patient with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. We found that intra-tumoral heterogeneity was less extensive than the inter-individual heterogeneity of PCCs. Further, the unclassified PCC patients were divided into two types, metabolism-type (marked by NDUFA4L2 and COX4I2) and kinase-type (marked by RET and PNMT), validated by immunohistochemical staining. Trajectory analysis of tumor evolution revealed that metabolism-type PCC cells display phenotype of consistently active metabolism and increased metastasis potential, while kinase-type PCC cells showed decreased epinephrine synthesis and neuron-like phenotypes. Cell-cell communication analysis showed activation of the annexin pathway and a strong inflammation reaction in metabolism-type PCCs and activation of FGF signaling in the kinase-type PCC. Although multispectral immunofluorescence staining showed a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration in both metabolism-type and kinase-type PCCs, only the kinase-type PCC exhibited downregulation of HLA-I molecules that possibly regulated by RET, suggesting the potential of combined therapy with kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy for kinase-type PCCs; in contrast, the application of immunotherapy to metabolism-type PCCs (with antigen presentation ability) is likely unsuitable. Our study presents a single-cell transcriptomics-based molecular classification and microenvironment characterization of PCCs, providing clues for potential therapeutic strategies to treat PCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Shimiao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Wencong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Shiheng Fan
- Shenzhen Institute of Ladder for Cancer ResearchShenzhenChina
| | - Wenxiang Ai
- Shenzhen Institute of Ladder for Cancer ResearchShenzhenChina
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Xuehong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Kan Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Luyang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
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Chatzikyriakou P, Brempou D, Quinn M, Fishbein L, Noberini R, Anastopoulos IN, Tufton N, Lim ES, Obholzer R, Hubbard JG, Moonim M, Bonaldi T, Nathanson KL, Izatt L, Oakey RJ. A comprehensive characterisation of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma tumours through histone protein profiling, DNA methylation and transcriptomic analysis genome wide. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:196. [PMID: 38124114 PMCID: PMC10734084 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumours. Pathogenic variants have been identified in more than 15 susceptibility genes; associated tumours are grouped into three Clusters, reinforced by their transcriptional profiles. Cluster 1A PPGLs have pathogenic variants affecting enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, including succinate dehydrogenase. Within inherited PPGLs, these are the most common. PPGL tumours are known to undergo epigenetic reprograming, and here, we report on global histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation levels, alongside clinical phenotypes. RESULTS Out of the 25 histone post-translational modifications examined, Cluster 1A PPGLs were distinguished from other tumours by a decrease in hyper-acetylated peptides and an increase in H3K4me2. DNA methylation was compared between tumours from individuals who developed metastatic disease versus those that did not. The majority of differentially methylated sites identified tended to be completely methylated or unmethylated in non-metastatic tumours, with low inter-sample variance. Metastatic tumours by contrast consistently had an intermediate DNA methylation state, including the ephrin receptor EPHA4 and its ligand EFNA3. Gene expression analyses performed to identify genes involved in metastatic tumour behaviour pin-pointed a number of genes previously described as mis-regulated in Cluster 1A tumours, as well as highlighting the tumour suppressor RGS22 and the pituitary tumour-transforming gene PTTG1. CONCLUSIONS Combined transcriptomic and DNA methylation analyses revealed aberrant pathways, including ones that could be implicated in metastatic phenotypes and, for the first time, we report a decrease in hyper-acetylated histone marks in Cluster 1 PPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prodromos Chatzikyriakou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dimitria Brempou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Quinn
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lauren Fishbein
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism in the Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Ioannis N Anastopoulos
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Nicola Tufton
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eugenie S Lim
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rupert Obholzer
- Department of ENT and Skull Base Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Johnathan G Hubbard
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mufaddal Moonim
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louise Izatt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rebecca J Oakey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Fernandes-Rosa FL, Boulkroun S, Fedlaoui B, Hureaux M, Travers-Allard S, Drossart T, Favier J, Zennaro MC. New advances in endocrine hypertension: from genes to biomarkers. Kidney Int 2023; 103:485-500. [PMID: 36646167 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is a major cardiovascular risk factor that affects 10% to 40% of the general population in an age-dependent manner. Detection of secondary forms of HT is particularly important because it allows the targeted management of the underlying disease. Among hypertensive patients, the prevalence of endocrine HT reaches up to 10%. Adrenal diseases are the most frequent cause of endocrine HT and are associated with excess production of mineralocorticoids (mainly primary aldosteronism), glucocorticoids (Cushing syndrome), and catecholamines (pheochromocytoma). In addition, a few rare diseases directly affecting the action of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in the kidney also lead to endocrine HT. Over the past years, genomic and genetic studies have allowed improving our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of endocrine HT. Those discoveries have opened new opportunities to transfer knowledge to clinical practice for better diagnosis and specific treatment of affected subjects. In this review, we describe the physiology of adrenal hormone biosynthesis and action, the clinical and biochemical characteristics of different forms of endocrine HT, and their underlying genetic defects. We discuss the impact of these discoveries on diagnosis and management of patients, as well as new perspectives related to the use of new biomarkers for improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marguerite Hureaux
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Simon Travers-Allard
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Physiologie, Paris, France
| | - Tom Drossart
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, PARCC, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Judith Favier
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France; Université de Paris Cité, PARCC, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Christina Zennaro
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, Inserm, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France.
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Liao Y, Shi S, Liao L, Zhao Y, Lin R, Chen K. Case Report: An Unusual Case of Pheochromocytoma. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:919500. [PMID: 35757329 PMCID: PMC9226414 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.919500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma is a benign catecholamine secreting tumor, which is rare and originates from the adrenal gland. It has been known for a wide range of clinical manifestations and can mimic other difficult-to-diagnose diseases. Here, we report a female patient with acquired long QT syndrome, which is a rare complication of pheochromocytoma. Although relatively rare, the presence of pheochromocytoma should be considered in the case of malignant arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
- The Third Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihua Liao
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
- The Third Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
- The Third Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongwen Lin
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
| | - Kaihong Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China
- *Correspondence: Kaihong Chen
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Watts D, Jaykar MT, Bechmann N, Wielockx B. Hypoxia signaling pathway: A central mediator in endocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1103075. [PMID: 36699028 PMCID: PMC9868855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate oxygen levels are essential for the functioning and maintenance of biological processes in virtually every cell, albeit based on specific need. Thus, any change in oxygen pressure leads to modulated activation of the hypoxia pathway, which affects numerous physiological and pathological processes, including hematopoiesis, inflammation, and tumor development. The Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) are essential transcription factors and the driving force of the hypoxia pathway; whereas, their inhibitors, HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHDs) proteins are the true oxygen sensors that critically regulate this response. Recently, we and others have described the central role of the PHD/HIF axis in various compartments of the adrenal gland and its potential influence in associated tumors, including pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent findings on the hypoxia signaling pathway in vivo, including its role in the endocrine system, especially in adrenal tumors.
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