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Eghbalpoor F, Gorji M, Alavigeh MZ, Moghadam MT. Genetically engineered phages and engineered phage-derived enzymes to destroy biofilms of antibiotics resistance bacteria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35666. [PMID: 39170521 PMCID: PMC11336853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
"An impregnable stronghold where one or more warrior clans can evade enemy attacks" may serve as a description of bacterial biofilm on a smaller level than human conflicts. Consider this hypothetical conflict: who would emerge victorious? The occupants of secure trenches or those carrying out relentless assault? Either faction has the potential for triumph; the defenders will prevail if they can fortify the trench with unwavering resolve, while the assailants will succeed if they can devise innovative means to breach the trench. Hence, bacterial biofilms pose a significant challenge and are formidable adversaries for medical professionals, often leading to the failure of antibiotic treatments in numerous hospital infections. Phage engineering has become the foundation for the targeted enhancement of various phage properties, facilitating the eradication of biofilms. Researchers across the globe have studied the impact of engineered phages and phage-derived enzymes on biofilms formed by difficult-to-treat bacteria. These novel biological agents have shown promising results in addressing biofilm-related challenges. The compilation of research findings highlights the impressive capabilities of engineered phages in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria, superbugs, and challenging infections. Specifically, these engineered phages exhibit enhanced biofilm destruction, penetration, and prevention capabilities compared to their natural counterparts. Additionally, the engineered enzymes derived from phages demonstrate improved effectiveness in addressing bacterial biofilms. As a result, these novel solutions, which demonstrate high penetration, destruction, and inhibition of biofilms, can be regarded as a viable option for addressing infectious biofilms in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eghbalpoor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Gorji
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamani Alavigeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Lach K, Skrzyniarz K, Takvor-Mena S, Łysek-Gładysińska M, Furmańczyk P, Barrios-Gumiel O, Sanchez-Nieves J, Ciepluch K. Endolysin CHAP domain-carbosilane metallodendrimer complexes with triple action on Gram-negative bacteria: Membrane destabilization, reactive oxygen species production and peptidoglycan degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134634. [PMID: 39128760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a significant challenge that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Gram-negative bacteria are particularly problematic due to an outer membrane (OM). Current alternatives to antibiotics include antimicrobial peptides or proteins and multifunctional systems such as dendrimers. Antimicrobial proteins such as lysins can degrade the bacterial cell wall, whereas dendrimers can permeabilize the OM, enhancing the activity of endolysins against gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we present a three-stage action of endolysin combined with two different carbosilane (CBS) silver metallodendrimers, in which the periphery is modified with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands coordinating a silver atom. The different NHC ligands contained hydrophobic methyl or N-donor pyridyl moieties. The effects of these endolysin/dendrimer combinations are based on OM permeabilization, peptidoglycan degradation, and reactive oxygen species production. The results showed that CBS possess a permeabilization effect (first action), significantly reduced bacterial growth at higher concentrations alone and in the presence of endolysin, increased ROS production (second action), and led to bacterial cell damage (third action). The complex formed between the CHAP domain of endolysin and a CBS silver metallodendrimer, with a triple mechanism of action, may represent an excellent alternative to other antimicrobials with only one resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Lach
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Kinga Skrzyniarz
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Samuel Takvor-Mena
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá (UAH), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. Spain
| | | | - Piotr Furmańczyk
- Department of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Oscar Barrios-Gumiel
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá (UAH), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. Spain
| | - Javier Sanchez-Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá (UAH), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
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Hassannia M, Naderifar M, Salamy S, Akbarizadeh MR, Mohebi S, Moghadam MT. Engineered phage enzymes against drug-resistant pathogens: a review on advances and applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:301-312. [PMID: 37962644 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the expansion of multi and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR) bacteria has reached an alarming rate, causing serious health concerns. Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria have been associated with morbidity and mortality, making tackling bacterial resistance an urgent and unmet challenge that needs to be addressed properly. Endolysins are phage-encoded enzymes that can specifically degrade the bacterial cell wall and lead to bacterial death. There is remarkable evidence that corroborates the unique ability of endolysins to rapidly digest the peptidoglycan particular bonds externally without the assistance of phage. Thus, their modulation in therapeutic approaches has opened new options for therapeutic applications in the fight against bacterial infections in the human and veterinary sectors, as well as within the agricultural and biotechnology areas. The use of genetically engineered phage enzymes (EPE) promises to generate endolysin variants with unique properties for prophylactic and therapeutic applications. These approaches have gained momentum to accelerate basic as well as translational phage research and the potential development of therapeutics in the near future. This review will focus on the novel knowledge into EPE and demonstrate that EPE has far better performance than natural endolysins and phages in dealing with antibiotic-resistant infections. Therefore, it provides essential information for clinical trials involving EPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hassannia
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Naderifar
- School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Shakiba Salamy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samane Mohebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Boroujeni MB, Mohebi S, Malekian A, Shahraeini SS, Gharagheizi Z, Shahkolahi S, Sadeghi RV, Naderifar M, Akbarizadeh MR, Soltaninejad S, Moghadam ZT, Moghadam MT, Mirzadeh F. The therapeutic effect of engineered phage, derived protein and enzymes against superbug bacteria. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:82-99. [PMID: 37881139 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Defending against antibiotic-resistant infections is similar to fighting a war with limited ammunition. As the new century unfolded, antibiotic resistance became a significant concern. In spite of the fact that phage treatment has been used as an effective means of fighting infections for more than a century, researchers have had to overcome many challenges of superbug bacteria by manipulating phages and producing engineered enzymes. New enzymes and phages with enhanced properties have a significant impact on the ability to fight antibiotic-resistant infections, which is considered a window of hope for the future. This review, therefore, illustrates not only the challenges caused by antibiotic resistance and superbug bacteria but also the engineered enzymes and phages that are being developed to solve these issues. Our study found that engineered phages, phage proteins, and enzymes can be effective in treating superbug bacteria and destroying the biofilm caused by them. Combining these engineered compounds with other antimicrobial substances can increase their effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, engineered phages, proteins, and enzymes can be used as a substitute for antibiotics or in combination with antibiotics to treat patients with superbug infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samane Mohebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azam Malekian
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Gharagheizi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Shahkolahi
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvaneh Vahedian Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Naderifar
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | | | | | - Zahra Taati Moghadam
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Shiabiev I, Pysin D, Akhmedov A, Babaeva O, Babaev V, Lyubina A, Voloshina A, Petrov K, Padnya P, Stoikov I. Towards Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Multivalent Amide Derivatives of Thiacalix[4]arene with Hydroxyl and Amine Groups. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2731. [PMID: 38140072 PMCID: PMC10747887 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to modern antibiotics stimulates the search for new ways to synthesize and modify antimicrobial drugs. The development of synthetic approaches that can easily change different fragments of the molecule is a promising solution to this problem. In this work, a synthetic approach was developed to obtain multivalent thiacalix[4]arene derivatives containing different number of amine and hydroxyl groups. A series of macrocyclic compounds in cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate stereoisomeric forms containing -NHCH2CH2R (R = NH2, N(CH3)2, and OH) and -N(CH2CH2OH)2 terminal fragments, and their model non-macrocyclic analogues were obtained. The antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains and cytotoxicity of the obtained compounds were studied. Structure-activity relationships were established: (1) the macrocyclic compounds had high antibacterial activity, while the monomeric compounds had low activity; (2) the compounds in cone and partial cone conformations had better antibacterial activity compared to the compounds in 1,3-alternate stereoisomeric form; (3) the macrocyclic compounds containing -NHCH2CH2N(CH3)2 terminal fragments had the highest antibacterial activity; (4) introduction of additional terminal hydroxyl groups led to a significant decrease in antibacterial activity; (5) the compounds in partial cone conformation had significant bactericidal activity against all studied cell strains; the best selectivity was observed for the compounds in cone conformation. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of lead compounds with terminal fragments -NHCH2CH2N(CH3)2 was proved using model negatively charged POPG vesicles, i.e., the addition of these compounds led to an increase in the size and zeta potential of the vesicles. The obtained results open up the possibility of using the synthesized macrocyclic compounds as promising antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shiabiev
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Dmitry Pysin
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Alan Akhmedov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Olga Babaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Vasily Babaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Anna Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russia; (O.B.); (V.B.); (A.L.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia; (I.S.); (D.P.); (A.A.)
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6
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Hernando-Gozalo M, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Rescalvo-Casas C, Seijas-Pereda L, García-Bertolín C, de la Mata FJ, Sánchez-Nieves J, Cuadros J, Pérez-Tanoira R. Study of the antimicrobial activity of cationic carbosilane dendrimers against clinical strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria and their biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1203991. [PMID: 37886663 PMCID: PMC10598583 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1203991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial Resistance is a serious public health problem, which is aggravated by the ability of the microorganisms to form biofilms. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies need to be found, one of them being the use of cationic dendritic systems (dendrimers and dendrons). Methods The aim of this study is to analyze the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of six cationic carbosilane (CBS) dendrimers and one dendron with peripheral ammonium groups against multidrug-resistant bacteria, some of them isolated hospital strains, and their biofilms. For this purpose, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum eradication biofilm concentration (MBEC) studies were carried out. In addition, the cytotoxicity on Hela cells of those compounds that proved to be the most effective was analyzed. Results All the tested compounds showed in vitro activity against the planktonic forms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and only the dendrimers BDSQ017, BDAC-001 and BDLS-001 and the dendron BDEF-130 against their biofilms. On the other hand, only the dendrimers BDAC 001, BDLS-001 and BDJS-049 and the dendron BDEF-130 were antibacterial in vitro against the planktonic forms of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but they lacked activity against their preformed biofilms. In addition, the dendrimers BDAC-001, BDLS-001 and BDSQ-017 and the dendron BDEF-130 exhibited a good profile of cytotoxicity in vitro. Discussion Our study demonstrates the possibility of using the four compounds mentioned above as possible topical antimicrobials against the clinical and reference strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Hernando-Gozalo
- University of Alcalá, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Madrid, Spain
| | - John Jairo Aguilera-Correa
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Rescalvo-Casas
- University of Alcalá, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Seijas-Pereda
- University of Alcalá, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Bertolín
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- University of Alcalá, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- University of Alcalá, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cuadros
- University of Alcalá, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- University of Alcalá, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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7
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Skrzyniarz K, Kuc-Ciepluch D, Lasak M, Arabski M, Sanchez-Nieves J, Ciepluch K. Dendritic systems for bacterial outer membrane disruption as a method of overcoming bacterial multidrug resistance. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6421-6435. [PMID: 37605901 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The alarming rise of multi-drug resistant microorganisms has increased the need for new approaches through the development of innovative agents that are capable of attaching to the outer layers of bacteria and causing permanent damage by penetrating the bacterial outer membrane. The permeability (disruption) of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is now considered to be one of the main ways to overcome multidrug resistance in bacteria. Natural and synthetic permeabilizers such as AMPs and dendritic systems seem promising. However, due to their advantages in terms of biocompatibility, antimicrobial capacity, and wide possibilities for modification and synthesis, highly branched polymers and dendritic systems have gained much more interest in recent years. Various forms of arrangement, and structure of the skeleton, give dendritic systems versatile applications, especially the possibility of attaching other ligands to their surface. This review will focus on the mechanisms used by different types of dendritic polymers, and their complexes with macromolecules to enhance their antimicrobial effect, and to permeabilize the bacterial outer membrane. In addition, future challenges and potential prospects are illustrated in the hope of accelerating the advancement of nanomedicine in the fight against resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skrzyniarz
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Lasak
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Michał Arabski
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Javier Sanchez-Nieves
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR, UAH), Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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Kumar L, Bisen M, Harjai K, Chhibber S, Azizov S, Lalhlenmawia H, Kumar D. Advances in Nanotechnology for Biofilm Inhibition. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21391-21409. [PMID: 37360468 PMCID: PMC10286099 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections have emerged as a significant public health challenge due to their persistent nature and increased resistance to conventional treatment methods. The indiscriminate usage of antibiotics has made us susceptible to a range of multidrug-resistant pathogens. These pathogens show reduced susceptibility to antibiotics and increased intracellular survival. However, current methods for treating biofilms, such as smart materials and targeted drug delivery systems, have not been found effective in preventing biofilm formation. To address this challenge, nanotechnology has provided innovative solutions for preventing and treating biofilm formation by clinically relevant pathogens. Recent advances in nanotechnological strategies, including metallic nanoparticles, functionalized metallic nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, cyclodextrin-based delivery, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymer drug conjugates, and liposomes, may provide valuable technological solutions against infectious diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive review to summarize the recent advancements and limitations of advanced nanotechnologies. The present Review encompasses a summary of infectious agents, the mechanisms that lead to biofilm formation, and the impact of pathogens on human health. In a nutshell, this Review offers a comprehensive survey of the advanced nanotechnological solutions for managing infections. A detailed presentation has been made as to how these strategies may improve biofilm control and prevent infections. The key objective of this Review is to summarize the mechanisms, applications, and prospects of advanced nanotechnologies to provide a better understanding of their impact on biofilm formation by clinically relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokender Kumar
- School
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Monish Bisen
- School
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department
of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department
of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Laboratory
of Biological Active Macromolecular Systems, Institute of Bioorganic
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
- Faculty
of Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical
University, Tashkent 100084, Uzbekistan
| | - Hauzel Lalhlenmawia
- Department
of Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Paramedical
and Nursing Sciences, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram 796017, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh173229, India
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9
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Patil R, Dehari D, Chaudhuri A, Kumar DN, Kumar D, Singh S, Nath G, Agrawal AK. Recent advancements in nanotechnology-based bacteriophage delivery strategies against bacterial ocular infections. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127413. [PMID: 37216845 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is growing as a critical challenge in a variety of disease conditions including ocular infections leading to disastrous effects on the human eyes. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) mediated ocular infections are very common affecting different parts of the eye viz. vitreous chamber, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior and posterior chambers, tear duct, and eyelids. Blepharitis, dacryocystitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, and orbital cellulitis are some of the commonly known ocular infections caused by S. aureus. Some of these infections are so fatal that they could cause bilateral blindness like panophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis, which is caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistance S. aureus (VRSA). The treatment of S. aureus infections with known antibiotics is becoming gradually difficult because of the development of resistance against multiple antibiotics. Apart from the different combinations and formulation strategies, bacteriophage therapy is growing as an effective alternative to treat such infections. Although the superiority of bacteriophage therapy is well established, yet physical factors (high temperatures, acidic pH, UV-rays, and ionic strength) and pharmaceutical barriers (poor stability, low in-vivo retention, controlled and targeted delivery, immune system neutralization, etc.) have the greatest influence on the viability of phage virions (also phage proteins). A variety of Nanotechnology based formulations such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, and nanofibres have been recently reported to overcome the above-mentioned obstacles. In this review, we have compiled all these recent reports and discussed bacteriophage-based nanoformulations techniques for the successful treatment of ocular infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. aureus and other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Deepa Dehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Aiswarya Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India; Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, U.P., India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
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Galanakou C, Dhumal D, Peng L. Amphiphilic dendrimers against antibiotic resistance: light at the end of the tunnel? Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3379-3393. [PMID: 36866708 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
With the alarming and prevailing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) comes an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents that are not only effective and robust but also do not induce resistance development. Amphiphilic dendrimers are emerging as a promising new paradigm to combat bacterial AMR. They can mimic antimicrobial peptides to produce potent antibacterial activity yet with a low likelihood of generating resistance. In addition, they are stable against enzymatic degradation thanks to their unique dendritic architecture. Importantly, these amphiphilic dendrimers are composed of distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic entities bearing dendritic structures, which can be precisely designed and synthesized to optimize the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance yielding potent antibacterial activity while minimizing adverse effects and drug resistance. In this short review, we present the challenges and current state of research in developing amphiphilic dendrimers as new antibiotic substitutes. We start with a brief overview of the advantages and opportunities associated with using amphiphilic dendrimers to combat bacterial AMR. We then outline the specific considerations and the mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity of amphiphilic dendrimers. We focus on the importance of the amphiphilic nature of a dendrimer that balances hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity via gauging the hydrophobic entity and the dendrimer generation, branching unit, terminal group and charge to allow high antibacterial potency and selectivity while minimizing toxicity. Finally, we present the future challenges and perspectives for amphiphilic dendrimers as antibacterial candidates for combating AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Galanakou
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM, UMR 7325, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, 13288, France.
| | - Dinesh Dhumal
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM, UMR 7325, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, 13288, France.
| | - Ling Peng
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CINaM, UMR 7325, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, 13288, France.
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The impact of agarose immobilization on the activity of lytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages combined with chemicals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:897-913. [PMID: 36625915 PMCID: PMC9842590 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of non-traditional antibacterials is currently one of the most intensively explored areas of modern medical and biological sciences. One of the most promising alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections is the application of lytic phages combined with established and new antibacterials. The presented study investigates the potential of agarose-based biocomposites containing lytic Pseudomonas phages (KT28, KTN4, and LUZ19), cupric ions (Cu2+), strawberry furanone (HDMF), and gentamicin (GE) as antibacterials and anti-virulent compounds for novel wound dressings. Phages (KT28, KTN4, LUZ19, and triple-phage cocktail) alone and in combination with a triple-chemical mixture (Cu + GE + HDMF) when applied as the liquid formulation caused a significant bacterial count reduction and biofilm production inhibition of clinical P. aeruginosa strains. The immobilization in the agarose scaffold significantly impaired the bioavailability and diffusion of phage particles, depending on virion morphology and targeted receptor specificity. The antibacterial potential of chemicals was also reduced by the agarose scaffold. Moreover, the Cu + GE + HDMF mixture impaired the lytic activity of phages depending on viral particles' susceptibility to cupric ion toxicity. Therefore, three administration types were tested and the optimal turned out to be the one separating antibacterials both physically and temporally. Taken together, the additive effect of phages combined with chemicals makes biocomposite a good solution for designing new wound dressings. Nevertheless, the phage utilization should involve an application of aqueous cocktails directly onto the wound, followed by chemicals immobilized in hydrogel dressings which allow for taking advantage of the antibacterial and anti-virulent effects of all components. KEY POINTS: • The immobilization in the agarose impairs the bioavailability of phage particles and the Cu + GE + HDMF mixture. • The cupric ions are toxic to phages and are sequestrated on phage particles and agarose matrix. • The elaborated TIME-SHIFT administration effectively separates antibacterials both physically and temporally.
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de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Cano J, Sánchez‐Nieves J, Ortega P, Gallego SG. Carbosilane dendritic nanostructures, highly versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1871. [PMID: 36417901 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are multifunctional molecules with well-defined size and structure due to the step-by-step synthetic procedures required in their preparation. Dendritic constructs based on carbosilane scaffolds present carbon-carbon and carbon-silicon bonds, which results in stable, lipophilic, inert, and flexible structures. These properties are highly appreciated in different areas, including the pharmaceutical field, as they can increase the interaction with cell membranes and improve the therapeutic action. This article summarizes the most recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of carbosilane dendritic molecules, from therapeutics to diagnostics and prevention tools. Dendrimers decorated with cationic, anionic, or other moieties, including metallodendrimers; supramolecular assemblies; dendronized nanoparticles and surfaces; as well as dendritic networks like hydrogels are described. The collected examples confirm the potential of carbosilane dendrimers and dendritic materials as antiviral or antibacterial agents; in therapy against cancer, neurodegenerative disease, or oxidative stress; or many other biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez‐Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Sandra García Gallego
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
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Gómez-Casanova N, Torres-Cano A, Elias-Rodriguez AX, Lozano T, Ortega P, Gómez R, Pérez-Serrano J, Copa-Patiño JL, Heredero-Bermejo I. Inhibition of Candida glabrata Biofilm by Combined Effect of Dendritic Compounds and Amphotericin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081604. [PMID: 36015230 PMCID: PMC9416558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Candida glabrata has become an important emerging opportunistic pathogen not only because of the increase in nosocomial infections frequency but also because of its ability to form biofilms and its innate resistance to commercial antifungals. These characteristics make this pathogen a major problem in hospital settings, including problems regarding equipment, and in immunosuppressed patients, who are at high risk for candidemia. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of and search for new antifungal drugs. In this study, the efficacy of two dendritic wedges with 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) at the focal point and cationic charges on the surface ArCO2G2(SNMe3I)4 (1) and ArCO2G3(SNMe3I)8 (2) was studied against C. glabrata strain to inhibit the formation of biofilms and eliminate established biofilm. For this, MBIC (minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration), MBDC (minimum biofilm damaging concentrations), as well as MFCB (minimum fungicidal concentration in biofilm) and MBEC (minimum biofilm eradicating concentration) were determined. In addition, different combinations of dendrons and amphotericin B were tested to study possible synergistic effects. On the other hand, cytotoxicity studies were performed. C. glabrata cells and biofilm structure were visualized by confocal microscopy. ArCO2G2(SNMe3I)4 (1) and ArCO2G3(SNMe3I)8 (2) dendrons showed both an MBIC of 8 mg/L and a MBDC of 32 mg/L and 64 mg/L, respectively. These dendrons managed to eradicate the entirety of an established biofilm. In combination with the antifungal amphotericin, it was possible to prevent the generation of biofilms and eradicate established biofilms at lower concentrations than those required individually for each compound at these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gómez-Casanova
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Alba Torres-Cano
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Alba Xiaohe Elias-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Tania Lozano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (T.L.); (P.O.); (R.G.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (T.L.); (P.O.); (R.G.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (T.L.); (P.O.); (R.G.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain and Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Serrano
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - José Luis Copa-Patiño
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Irene Heredero-Bermejo
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (A.T.-C.); (A.X.E.-R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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The resurgence of phage-based therapy in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance: from research progress to challenges and prospects. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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