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Acton S, O'Donnell MM, Periyasamy K, Dixit B, Eishingdrelo H, Hill C, Paul Ross R, Chesnel L. LPA3 agonist-producing Bacillus velezensis ADS024 is efficacious in multiple neuroinflammatory disease models. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:384-402. [PMID: 39147172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common component of neurological disorders. In the gut-brain-immune axis, bacteria and their metabolites are now thought to play a role in the modulation of the nervous and immune systems which may impact neuroinflammation. In this respect, commensal bacteria of humans have recently been shown to produce metabolites that mimic endogenous G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands. To date, it has not been established whether plant commensal bacteria, which may be ingested by animals including humans, can impact the gut-brain-immune axis via GPCR agonism. We screened an isopropanol (IPA) extract of the plant commensal Bacillus velezensis ADS024, a non-engrafting live biotherapeutic product (LBP) with anti-inflammatory properties isolated from human feces, against a panel of 168 GPCRs and identified strong agonism of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor LPA3. The ADS024 IPA extracted material (ADS024-IPA) did not agonize LPA2, and only very weakly agonized LPA1. The agonism of LPA3 was inhibited by the reversible LPA1/3 antagonist Ki16425. ADS024-IPA signaled downstream of LPA3 through G-protein-induced calcium release, recruitment of β-arrestin, and recruitment of the neurodegeneration-associated proteins 14-3-3γ, ε and ζ but did not recruit the β isoform. Since LPA3 agonism was previously indirectly implicated in the reduction of pathology in models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) by use of the nonselective antagonist Ki16425, and since we identified an LPA3-specific agonist within ADS024, we sought to examine whether LPA3 might indeed be part of a broad underlying mechanism to control neuroinflammation. We tested oral treatment of ADS024 in multiple models of neuroinflammatory diseases using three models of PD, two models of MS, and a model each of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). ADS024 treatment improved model-specific functional effects including improvements in motor movement, breathing and swallowing, and allodynia suggesting that ADS024 treatment impacted a universal underlying neuroinflammatory mechanism regardless of the initiating cause of disease. We used the MOG-EAE mouse model to examine early events after disease initiation and found that ADS024 attenuated the increase in circulating lymphocytes and changes in neutrophil subtypes, and ADS024 attenuated the early loss of cell-surface LPA3 receptor expression on circulating white blood cells. ADS024 efficacy was partially inhibited by Ki16425 in vivo suggesting LPA3 may be part of its mechanism. Altogether, these data suggest that ADS024 and its LPA3 agonism activity should be investigated further as a possible treatment for diseases with a neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Zhuo D, Lei Z, Dong L, Chan AML, Lin J, Jiang L, Qiu B, Jiang X, Tan Y, Yao X. Orai1 and Orai3 act through distinct signalling axes to promote stemness and tumorigenicity of breast cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:256. [PMID: 39135143 PMCID: PMC11321067 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of major challenges in breast tumor therapy is the existence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that exhibit characteristics of stem cells. BCSCs are responsible for progression, recurrence, chemoresistance and metastasis of breast cancer. Ca2+ signalling plays an important role in diverse processes in cancer development. However, the role of Ca2+ signalling in BCSCs is still poorly understood. METHODS A highly effective 3D soft fibrin gel system was used to enrich BCSC-like cells from ER+ breast cancer lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-415. We then investigated the role of two Ca2+-permeable ion channels Orai1 and Orai3 in the growth and stemness of BCSC-like cells in vitro, and tumorigenicity in female NOD/SCID mice in vivo. RESULTS Orai1 RNA silencing and pharmacological inhibition reduced the growth of BCSC-like cells in tumor spheroids, decreased the expression levels of BCSC markers, and reduced the growth of tumor xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. Orai3 RNA silencing also had similar inhibitory effect on the growth and stemness of BCSC-like cells in vitro, and tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Mechanistically, Orai1 and SPCA2 mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry. Knockdown of Orai1 or SPCA2 inhibited glycolysis pathway, whereas knockdown of Orai3 or STIM1 had no effect on glycolysis. CONCLUSION We found that Orai1 interacts with SPCA2 to mediate store-independent Ca2+ entry, subsequently promoting the growth and tumorigenicity of BCSC-like cells via glycolysis pathway. In contrast, Orai3 and STIM1 mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry, promoting the growth and tumorigenicity of BCSC-like cells via a glycolysis-independent pathway. Together, our study uncovered a well-orchestrated mechanism through which two Ca2+ entry pathways act through distinct signalling axes to finely control the growth and tumorigenicity of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Zhuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchuan Lei
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Man Lok Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital (Feicheng) of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Zou Z, Luo T, Wang X, Wang B, Li Q. Exploring the interplay between triple-negative breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment for effective therapeutic strategies. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31278. [PMID: 38807378 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy with poor treatment outcomes. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) plays an important role in the development of TNBC. Owing to their ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, BCSCs maintain tumor growth, drive metastatic colonization, and facilitate the development of drug resistance. TME is the main factor regulating the phenotype and metastasis of BCSCs. Immune cells, cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), cytokines, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix within the TME form a complex communication network, exert highly selective pressure on the tumor, and provide a conducive environment for the formation of BCSC niches. Tumor growth and metastasis can be controlled by targeting the TME to eliminate BCSC niches or targeting BCSCs to modify the TME. These approaches may improve the treatment outcomes and possess great application potential in clinical settings. In this review, we summarized the relationship between BCSCs and the progression and drug resistance of TNBC, especially focusing on the interaction between BCSCs and TME. In addition, we discussed therapeutic strategies that target the TME to inhibit or eliminate BCSCs, providing valuable insights into the clinical treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling Zou
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tinglan Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Chongqing Medicine University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Karalis T, Poulogiannis G. The Emerging Role of LPA as an Oncometabolite. Cells 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38607068 PMCID: PMC11011573 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid that displays potent signalling activities that are regulated in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. It can be found both extra- and intracellularly, where it interacts with different receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate a plethora of cellular processes, including mitosis, proliferation and migration. LPA metabolism is complex, and its biosynthesis and catabolism are under tight control to ensure proper LPA levels in the body. In cancer patient specimens, LPA levels are frequently higher compared to those of healthy individuals and often correlate with poor responses and more aggressive disease. Accordingly, LPA, through promoting cancer cell migration and invasion, enhances the metastasis and dissemination of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the role of LPA in the regulation of critical aspects of tumour biology and further discuss the available pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of targeting LPA metabolism for effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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Borlongan MC, Wang H. Profiling and targeting cancer stem cell signaling pathways for cancer therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125174. [PMID: 37305676 PMCID: PMC10247984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation of cells within the tumor that express genetic and phenotypic profiles and signaling pathways distinct from the other tumor cells. CSCs have eluded many conventional anti-oncogenic treatments, resulting in metastases and relapses of cancers. Effectively targeting CSCs' unique self-renewal and differentiation properties would be a breakthrough in cancer therapy. A better characterization of the CSCs' unique signaling mechanisms will improve our understanding of the pathology and treatment of cancer. In this paper, we will discuss CSC origin, followed by an in-depth review of CSC-associated signaling pathways. Particular emphasis is given on CSC signaling pathways' ligand-receptor engagement, upstream and downstream mechanisms, and associated genes, and molecules. Signaling pathways associated with regulation of CSC development stand as potential targets of CSC therapy, which include Wnt, TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β)/SMAD, Notch, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription), Hedgehog (Hh), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Lastly, we will also discuss milestone discoveries in CSC-based therapies, including pre-clinical and clinical studies featuring novel CSC signaling pathway cancer therapeutics. This review aims at generating innovative views on CSCs toward a better understanding of cancer pathology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C. Borlongan
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Science College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Science College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA, United States
- Department of Basic Science College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States
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Bantsimba-Malanda C, Ahidouch A, Rodat-Despoix L, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Calcium signal modulation in breast cancer aggressiveness. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102760. [PMID: 37247443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer and cause of death in women. The aggressive subtypes including triple negative types (TNBCs) show a resistance to chemotherapy, impaired immune system, and a worse prognosis. From a histological point of view, TNBCs are deficient in oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) expression. Many studies reported an alteration in the expression of calcium channels, calcium binding proteins and pumps in BC that promote proliferation, survival, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastasis. Moreover, Ca2+ signal remodeling and calcium transporters expression have been associated to TNBCs and HER2+ BC subtypes. This review provides insight into the underlying alteration of the expression of calcium-permeable channels, pumps, and calcium dependent proteins and how this alteration plays an important role in promoting metastasis, metabolic switching, inflammation, and escape to chemotherapy treatment and immune surveillance in aggressive BC including TNBCs models and highly metastatic BC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Bantsimba-Malanda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR UPJV 4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR UPJV 4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens, France; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Lise Rodat-Despoix
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR UPJV 4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens, France.
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UR UPJV 4667, University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens, France.
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Kouba S, Hague F, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Crosstalk between Ca2+ Signaling and Cancer Stemness: The Link to Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810687. [PMID: 36142596 PMCID: PMC9503744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fight against cancer, therapeutic strategies using cisplatin are severely limited by the appearance of a resistant phenotype. While cisplatin is usually efficient at the beginning of the treatment, several patients endure resistance to this agent and face relapse. One of the reasons for this resistant phenotype is the emergence of a cell subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Due to their quiescent phenotype and self-renewal abilities, these cells have recently been recognized as a crucial field of investigation in cancer and treatment resistance. Changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) through Ca2+ channel activity are essential for many cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival in various cell types. It is now proved that altered Ca2+ signaling is a hallmark of cancer, and several Ca2+ channels have been linked to CSC functions and therapy resistance. Moreover, cisplatin was shown to interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis; thus, it is considered likely that cisplatin-induced aberrant Ca2+ signaling is linked to CSCs biology and, therefore, therapy failure. The molecular signature defining the resistant phenotype varies between tumors, and the number of resistance mechanisms activated in response to a range of pressures dictates the global degree of cisplatin resistance. However, if we can understand the molecular mechanisms linking Ca2+ to cisplatin-induced resistance and CSC behaviors, alternative and novel therapeutic strategies could be considered. In this review, we examine how cisplatin interferes with Ca2+ homeostasis in tumor cells. We also summarize how cisplatin induces CSC markers in cancer. Finally, we highlight the role of Ca2+ in cancer stemness and focus on how they are involved in cisplatin-induced resistance through the increase of cancer stem cell populations and via specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Hague
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir 81016, Morocco
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Correspondence:
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Fibronectin Functions as a Selective Agonist for Distinct Toll-like Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132074. [PMID: 35805158 PMCID: PMC9265717 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of tumors is characterized by structural changes in the fibronectin matrix, which include increased deposition of the EDA isoform of fibronectin and the unfolding of the fibronectin Type III domains. The impact of these structural changes on tumor progression is not well understood. The fibronectin EDA (FnEDA) domain and the partially unfolded first Type III domain of fibronectin (FnIII-1c) have been identified as endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which induce innate immune responses by serving as agonists for Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Using two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, we show that FnEDA and FnIII-1c induce the pro-tumorigenic cytokine, IL-8, by serving as agonists for TLR5 and TLR2, the canonical receptors for bacterial flagellin and lipoprotein, respectively. We also find that FnIII-1c is not recognized by MDA-MB-468 cells but is recognized by MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting a cell type rather than ligand specific utilization of TLRs. As IL-8 plays a major role in the progression of TNBC, these studies suggest that tumor-induced structural changes in the fibronectin matrix promote an inflammatory microenvironment conducive to metastatic progression.
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Liu Y, Lyu Y, Wang H. TRP Channels as Molecular Targets to Relieve Endocrine-Related Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:895814. [PMID: 35573736 PMCID: PMC9095829 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.895814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are polymodal channels capable of sensing environmental stimuli, which are widely expressed on the plasma membrane of cells and play an essential role in the physiological or pathological processes of cells as sensors. TRPs often form functional homo- or heterotetramers that act as cation channels to flow Na+ and Ca2+, change membrane potential and [Ca2+]i (cytosolic [Ca2+]), and change protein expression levels, channel attributes, and regulatory factors. Under normal circumstances, various TRP channels respond to intracellular and extracellular stimuli such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, chemicals, cytokines, and cell damage and depletion of Ca2+ reserves. As cation transport channels and physical and chemical stimulation receptors, TRPs play an important role in regulating secretion, interfering with cell proliferation, and affecting neural activity in these glands and their adenocarcinoma cells. Many studies have proved that TRPs are widely distributed in the pancreas, adrenal gland, and other glands. This article reviews the specific regulatory mechanisms of various TRP channels in some common glands (pancreas, salivary gland, lacrimal gland, adrenal gland, mammary gland, gallbladder, and sweat gland).
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Store-Operated Calcium Entry and Its Implications in Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081332. [PMID: 35456011 PMCID: PMC9032688 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed by a heterogeneous population of cells. Among them, a sub-population of cells, termed cancer stem cells, exhibit stemness features, such as self-renewal capabilities, disposition to differentiate to a more proliferative state, and chemotherapy resistance, processes that are all mediated by Ca2+. Ca2+ homeostasis is vital for several physiological processes, and alterations in the patterns of expressions of the proteins and molecules that modulate it have recently become a cancer hallmark. Store-operated Ca2+ entry is a major mechanism for Ca2+ entry from the extracellular medium in non-excitable cells that leads to increases in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration required for several processes, including cancer stem cell properties. Here, we focus on the participation of STIM, Orai, and TRPC proteins, the store-operated Ca2+ entry key components, in cancer stem cell biology and tumorigenesis.
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Hirata N, Horinouchi T, Kanda Y. Effects of cigarette smoke extract derived from heated tobacco products on the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1273-1280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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