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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Effects of mechanical loading on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells: A scoping review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38736036 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Various mechanical loadings, including mechanical stress, orthodontics forces, and masticatory force, affect the functions of periodontal ligament cells. Regulation of periodontal tissue destruction, formation, and differentiation functions are crucial processes for periodontal regeneration therapy. Numerous studies have reported that different types of mechanical loading play a role in maintaining periodontal tissue matrix homeostasis, and osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal ligament cells. This scoping review aims to evaluate the studies regarding the effects of various mechanical loadings on the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, regulation of the balance between formation and destruction of periodontal tissue matrix, osteogenic differentiation, and multiple differentiation functions of the periodontal ligament. An electronic search for this review has been conducted on two databases; MEDLINE via PubMed and SCOPUS. Study selection criteria included original research written in English that reported the effects of different mechanical loadings on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells. The final 204 articles were mainly included in the present scoping review. Mechanical forces of the appropriate magnitude, duration, and pattern have a positive influence on the secretion of ECM components such as collagen, as well as regulate the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, these forces regulate a balance between osteoblastic and osteoclast differentiation. Conversely, incorrect mechanical loadings can lead to abnormal formation and destruction of both soft and hard tissue. This review provides additional insight into how mechanical loadings impact ECM homeostasis and multiple differentiation functions of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), thus making it valuable for regenerative periodontal treatment. In combination with advancing technologies, the utilization of ECM components, application of different aspects of mechanical force, and differentiation potential of PDLCs could bring potential benefits to future periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Welte-Jzyk C, Plümer V, Schumann S, Pautz A, Erbe C. Effect of the antirheumatic medication methotrexate (MTX) on biomechanical compressed human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs). BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:329. [PMID: 38475789 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of the antirheumatic drug methotrexate (MTX) on biomechanically compressed human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs), focusing on the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), as its upregulation is relevant to orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS Human PDLFs were subjected to pressure and simultaneously treated with MTX. Cell proliferation, viability and morphology were studied, as was the gene and protein expression of IL-6. RESULTS Compared with that in untreated fibroblasts, IL-6 mRNA expression in mechanically compressed ligament fibroblasts was increased (two to sixfold; ****p < 0.0001). Under compression, hPDLFs exhibited a significantly more expanded shape with an increase of cell extensions. MTX with and without pressure did not affect IL-6 mRNA expression or the morphology of hPDLFs. CONCLUSION MTX has no effect on IL-6 expression in compressed ligament fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Welte-Jzyk
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Vera Plümer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Erbe
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Schröder A, Örs T, Byeon YO, Cieplik F, Proff P, Kirschneck C, Paddenberg E. Impact of Mechanical Strain and Nicotinamide on RUNX2-Deficient Osteoblast Mimicking Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16581. [PMID: 38068903 PMCID: PMC10705976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic defect caused by a heterozygous mutation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which is important for osteoblast and skeletal development. RUNX2-deficiency causes extra- and intra-oral malformations that often require orthodontic treatment. Nicotinamide (NAM) affects bone remodelling processes. As these are crucial for orthodontic therapy, NAM could improve orthodontic treatment in CCD patients. This study investigates the effect of NAM in control and RUNX2-deficient osteoblasts under mechanical strain mimicking orthodontic treatment. First, the optimal NAM concentration and the differences in the expression profile of control and RUNX2-deficient osteoblasts were determined. Subsequently, osteoblasts were exposed to tensile and compressive strain with and without NAM, and the expression of genes critically involved in bone remodelling was investigated. NAM increased the expression of bone remodelling genes. RUNX2-deficient osteoblasts expressed more receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) and interleukin-6 (IL6), but less colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1). Most of the positive effects of NAM on bone remodelling genes were impaired by mechanical loading. In conclusion, NAM stimulated osteoblast differentiation by increasing the expression of RUNX2 and regulated the expression of osteoclastogenic factors. However, the positive effects of NAM on bone metabolism were impaired by mechanical loading and RUNX2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.Ö.); (Y.-O.B.); (P.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Talia Örs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.Ö.); (Y.-O.B.); (P.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Ye-Oun Byeon
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.Ö.); (Y.-O.B.); (P.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.Ö.); (Y.-O.B.); (P.P.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Eva Paddenberg
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.Ö.); (Y.-O.B.); (P.P.); (E.P.)
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Mahdi Souzani A, Rajeshwari HRS, Selvaganapathy PR, Kishen A. Impact of 3D collagen-based model and hydrostatic pressure on periodontal ligament fibroblast: A morpho-biochemical analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106092. [PMID: 37689009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a customized hydrostatic pressure-based loading environment to investigate the effect of static hydrostatic pressure on the periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLf) in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen-based model. The cylindrical tissue constructs were comprised of PDL fibroblast cells seeded in type I collagen matrices and divided into three experimental groups: Control (no load), low-load (∼0.07 kPa), and high-load (∼60 kPa), all subjected to 24 h of experimental duration. Cells in the 3D construct were stained with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies for cytoskeletal protein F-actin and matricellular protein periostin. Cell culture supernatant was assessed for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. Transmission electron microscopy examined the contact between the cells and the collagen matrix. Ultrastructural changes in the 3D collagen matrix were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were performed in triplicates, and data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). The 3D PDLf constructs from the low-load group demonstrated the highest levels of homogeneous cell distribution and higher expression of F-actin and periostin with enhanced interaction with the matrix. The collagen matrix in this group showed more closely packed fibers forming thicker bundles when compared to the control and the high-load 3D PDLf constructs. Nonuniform cell distribution with decreased expression of F-actin and periostin was observed in the control and high-load PDLf constructs. The high-load group showed the highest RANKL/OPG expression. This study demonstrated low-level hydrostatic pressure's role in regulating PDLf functions and extracellular matrix response, while excessive hydrostatic pressure may be detrimental to PDL fibroblast cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mahdi Souzani
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | | | - P Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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Schröder A, Neher K, Krenmayr B, Paddenberg E, Spanier G, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Impact of PIEZO1-channel on inflammation and osteoclastogenesis mediated via periodontal ligament fibroblasts during mechanical loading. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12913. [PMID: 36635063 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The identification of mechanosensitive ion channels and their importance in innate immunity provides new starting points to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement. The mechanosensitive electron channel PIEZO1 (Piezo Type Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 1) may play a crucial role in orthodontic tooth movement. To investigate the role of the PIEZO1 channel, periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) were subsequently treated with a PIEZO1 inhibitor (GsMTx) with simultaneous pressure application or with an activator (JEDI2) without mechanical strain. The expression of genes and proteins involved in orthodontic tooth movement was examined by RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA. In addition, the effect on PDLF-mediated osteoclastogenesis was investigated in a coculture model using human monocytes. Inhibition of PIEZO1 under pressure application caused a reduction in RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand) expression, resulting in decreased osteoclastogenesis. On the other hand, activation of PIEZO1 without mechanical strain downregulated OPG (osteoprotegerin), resulting in increased osteoclastogenesis. PIEZO1 appears to play a role in the induction of inflammatory genes. It was also shown to influence osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Neher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Krenmayr
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Paddenberg
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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