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Zhong YF, Dai YX, Li SP, Zhu KJ, Lin YP, Ran Y, Chen L, Ruan Y, Yu PF, Li L, Li WX, Xu CL, Sun ZT, Weber KA, Kong DW, Yang F, Lin WP, Chen J, Chen BL, Jiang H, Zhou YJ, Sheng B, Wang YJ, Tian YZ, Sun YL. Sagittal balance parameters measurement on cervical spine MR images based on superpixel segmentation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1337808. [PMID: 38681963 PMCID: PMC11048045 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1337808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is essential in diagnosing cervical spondylosis, providing detailed visualization of osseous and soft tissue structures in the cervical spine. However, manual measurements hinder the assessment of cervical spine sagittal balance, leading to time-consuming and error-prone processes. This study presents the Pyramid DBSCAN Simple Linear Iterative Cluster (PDB-SLIC), an automated segmentation algorithm for vertebral bodies in T2-weighted MR images, aiming to streamline sagittal balance assessment for spinal surgeons. Method: PDB-SLIC combines the SLIC superpixel segmentation algorithm with DBSCAN clustering and underwent rigorous testing using an extensive dataset of T2-weighted mid-sagittal MR images from 4,258 patients across ten hospitals in China. The efficacy of PDB-SLIC was compared against other algorithms and networks in terms of superpixel segmentation quality and vertebral body segmentation accuracy. Validation included a comparative analysis of manual and automated measurements of cervical sagittal parameters and scrutiny of PDB-SLIC's measurement stability across diverse hospital settings and MR scanning machines. Result: PDB-SLIC outperforms other algorithms in vertebral body segmentation quality, with high accuracy, recall, and Jaccard index. Minimal error deviation was observed compared to manual measurements, with correlation coefficients exceeding 95%. PDB-SLIC demonstrated commendable performance in processing cervical spine T2-weighted MR images from various hospital settings, MRI machines, and patient demographics. Discussion: The PDB-SLIC algorithm emerges as an accurate, objective, and efficient tool for evaluating cervical spine sagittal balance, providing valuable assistance to spinal surgeons in preoperative assessment, surgical strategy formulation, and prognostic inference. Additionally, it facilitates comprehensive measurement of sagittal balance parameters across diverse patient cohorts, contributing to the establishment of normative standards for cervical spine MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhong
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Dai
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou TCM Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shi-Pian Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Jia Zhu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Peng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ran
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Life and Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Spine Disease Institute, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou TCM Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Second Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Chuang-Long Xu
- Rehabilitation Center, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region TCM Hospital and TCM Research Institute, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Sun
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kenneth A. Weber
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - De-Wei Kong
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wen-Ping Lin
- Spine Disease Institute, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Lai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou TCM Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhou
- Second Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang, China
| | - Bo Sheng
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Zhong Tian
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Li Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, CA, United States
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Abdolahinia ED, Golestani S, Seif S, Afra N, Aflatoonian K, Jalalian A, Valizadeh N, Abdollahinia ED. A review of the therapeutic potential of dental stem cells as scaffold-free models for tissue engineering application. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102281. [PMID: 38070384 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering has introduced innovative approaches to facilitate tissue regeneration. Specifically, in pulp tissue engineering, both scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques have been applied. Relevant articles were meticulously chosen from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases through a comprehensive search spanning from October 2022 to December 2022. Despite the inherent limitations of scaffolding, including inadequate mechanical strength for hard tissues, insufficient vents for vessel penetration, immunogenicity, and suboptimal reproducibility-especially with natural polymeric scaffolds-scaffold-free tissue engineering has garnered significant attention. This methodology employs three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates such as spheroids and cell sheets with extracellular matrix, facilitating precise regeneration of target tissues. The choice of technique aside, stem cells play a pivotal role in tissue engineering, with dental stem cells emerging as particularly promising resources. Their pluripotent nature, non-invasive extraction process, and unique properties render them highly suitable for scaffold-free tissue engineering. This study delves into the latest advancements in leveraging dental stem cells and scaffold-free techniques for the regeneration of various tissues. This paper offers a comprehensive summary of recent developments in the utilization of dental stem cells and scaffold-free methods for tissue generation. It explores the potential of these approaches to advance tissue engineering and their effectiveness in therapies aimed at tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
| | - Shayan Golestani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan ( Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Seif
- Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Afra
- Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Khotan Aflatoonian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jalalian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Valizadeh
- Chemistry Department, Sciences Faculty, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Dalir Abdollahinia
- Fellowship of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Li P, Chen Z, Meng K, Chen Y, Xu J, Xiang X, Wu X, Huang Z, Lai R, Li P, Lai Z, Ao X, Liu Z, Yang K, Bai X, Zhang Z. Discovery of Taurocholic Acid Sodium Hydrate as a Novel Repurposing Drug for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Targeting MAPK3. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:183-195. [PMID: 37933407 PMCID: PMC10782270 DOI: 10.1111/os.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nowadays, more than 90% of people over 50 years suffer from intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), but there are exist no ideal drugs. The aim of this study is to identify a new drug for IDD. METHODS An approved small molecular drug library including 2040 small molecular compounds was used here. We found that taurocholic acid sodium hydrate (NAT) could induce chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Then, an in vivo mouse model of IDD was established and the coccygeal discs transcriptome analysis and surface plasmon resonance analysis (SPR) integrated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay (LC-MS) were performed in this study to study the therapy effect and target proteins of NAT for IDD. Micro-CT was used to evaluate the cancellous bone. The expression of osteogenic (OCN, RNX2), chondrogenic (COL2A1, SOX9), and the target related (ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2) proteins were detected. The alkaline phosphatase staining was performed to estimate osteogenic differentiation. Blood routine and blood biochemistry indexes were analyzed for the safety of NAT. RESULTS The results showed that NAT could induce chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in MSCs. Further experiments confirmed NAT could ameliorate the secondary osteoporosis and delay the development of IDD in mice. Transcriptome analysis identified 128 common genes and eight Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for NAT. SPR-LC-MS assay detected 57 target proteins for NAT, including MAPK3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3), also known as ERK1 (extracellular regulated protein kinase 1). Further verification experiment confirmed that NAT significantly reduced the expression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION NAT would induce chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of MSCs, ameliorate the secondary osteoporosis and delay the progression of IDD in mice by targeting MAPK3.Furthermore, MAPK3, especially the phosphorylation of MAPK3, would be a potential therapeutic target for IDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zesen Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Keyu Meng
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin Xiang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiuhua Wu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruijun Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhongming Lai
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiang Ao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaifan Yang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Sargenti A, Pasqua S, Leu M, Dionisi L, Filardo G, Grigolo B, Gazzola D, Santi S, Cavallo C. Adipose Stromal Cell Spheroids for Cartilage Repair: A Promising Tool for Unveiling the Critical Maturation Point. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1182. [PMID: 37892912 PMCID: PMC10603958 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage lacks intrinsic regenerative capabilities, and the current treatments fail to regenerate damaged tissue and lead only to temporary pain relief. These limitations have prompted the development of tissue engineering approaches, including 3D culture systems. Thanks to their regenerative properties and capacity to recapitulate embryonic processes, spheroids obtained from mesenchymal stromal cells are increasingly studied as building blocks to obtain functional tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of adipose stromal cells to assemble in spheroids and differentiate toward chondrogenic lineage from the perspective of cartilage repair. Spheroids were generated by two different methods (3D chips vs. Ultra-Low Attachment plates), differentiated towards chondrogenic lineage, and their properties were investigated using molecular biology analyses, biophysical measurement of mass density, weight, and size of spheroids, and confocal imaging. Overall, spheroids showed the ability to differentiate by expressing specific cartilaginous markers that correlate with their mass density, defining a critical point at which they start to mature. Considering the spheroid generation method, this pilot study suggested that spheroids obtained with chips are a promising tool for the generation of cartilage organoids that could be used for preclinical/clinical approaches, including personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Sargenti
- CellDynamics iSRL, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.P.); (L.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Simone Pasqua
- CellDynamics iSRL, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.P.); (L.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Marco Leu
- abc biopply ag, 4500 Solothurn, Switzerland;
| | - Laura Dionisi
- CellDynamics iSRL, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.P.); (L.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daniele Gazzola
- CellDynamics iSRL, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.P.); (L.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Spartaco Santi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, CNR, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Cavallo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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Kasamkattil J, Gryadunova A, Schmid R, Gay-Dujak MHP, Dasen B, Hilpert M, Pelttari K, Martin I, Schären S, Barbero A, Krupkova O, Mehrkens A. Human 3D nucleus pulposus microtissue model to evaluate the potential of pre-conditioned nasal chondrocytes for the repair of degenerated intervertebral disc. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1119009. [PMID: 36865027 PMCID: PMC9971624 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1119009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An in vitro model that appropriately recapitulates the degenerative disc disease (DDD) microenvironment is needed to explore clinically relevant cell-based therapeutic strategies for early-stage degenerative disc disease. We developed an advanced 3D nucleus pulposus (NP) microtissues (µT) model generated with cells isolated from human degenerating NP tissue (Pfirrmann grade: 2-3), which were exposed to hypoxia, low glucose, acidity and low-grade inflammation. This model was then used to test the performance of nasal chondrocytes (NC) suspension or spheroids (NCS) after pre-conditioning with drugs known to exert anti-inflammatory or anabolic activities. Methods: NPµTs were formed by i) spheroids generated with NP cells (NPS) alone or in combination with ii) NCS or iii) NC suspension and cultured in healthy or degenerative disc disease condition. Anti-inflammatory and anabolic drugs (amiloride, celecoxib, metformin, IL-1Ra, GDF-5) were used for pre-conditioning of NC/NCS. The effects of pre-conditioning were tested in 2D, 3D, and degenerative NPµT model. Histological, biochemical, and gene expression analysis were performed to assess matrix content (glycosaminoglycans, type I and II collagen), production and release of inflammatory/catabolic factors (IL-6, IL-8, MMP-3, MMP-13) and cell viability (cleaved caspase 3). Results: The degenerative NPµT contained less glycosaminoglycans, collagens, and released higher levels of IL-8 compared to the healthy NPµT. In the degenerative NPµT, NCS performed superior compared to NC cell suspension but still showed lower viability. Among the different compounds tested, only IL-1Ra pre-conditioning inhibited the expression of inflammatory/catabolic mediators and promoted glycosaminoglycan accumulation in NC/NCS in DDD microenvironment. In degenerative NPµT model, preconditioning of NCS with IL-1Ra also provided superior anti-inflammatory/catabolic activity compared to non-preconditioned NCS. Conclusion: The degenerative NPµT model is suitable to study the responses of therapeutic cells to microenvironment mimicking early-stage degenerative disc disease. In particular, we showed that NC in spheroidal organization as compared to NC cell suspension exhibited superior regenerative performance and that IL-1Ra pre-conditioning of NCS could further improve their ability to counteract inflammation/catabolism and support new matrix production within harsh degenerative disc disease microenvironment. Studies in an orthotopic in vivo model are necessary to assess the clinical relevance of our findings in the context of IVD repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesil Kasamkattil
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Gryadunova
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Raphael Schmid
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Hans Peter Gay-Dujak
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Boris Dasen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Hilpert
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schären
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olga Krupkova
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Olga Krupkova,
| | - Arne Mehrkens
- Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Microfabrication methods for 3D spheroids formation and their application in biomedical engineering. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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An Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold Loaded with Dual-Drug/Sustained-Release PLGA Microspheres for the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010390. [PMID: 36613833 PMCID: PMC9820357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the unique physical characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and the pathological microenvironment that it creates, including inflammation and oxidative stress, effective self-repair is impossible. During the process of intervertebral disc degeneration, there is an increase in the infiltration of M1 macrophages and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we designed a novel injectable composite hydrogel scaffold: an oligo [poly (ethylene glycol) fumarate]/sodium methacrylate (OPF/SMA) hydrogel scaffold loaded with dual-drug/sustained-release PLGA microspheres containing IL-4 (IL-4-PLGA) and kartogenin (KGN-PLGA). This scaffold exhibited good mechanical properties and low immunogenicity while also promoting the sustained release of drugs. By virtue of the PLGA microspheres loaded with IL-4 (IL-4-PLGA), the composite hydrogel scaffold induced macrophages to transition from the M1 phenotype into the M2 phenotype during the early induced phase and simultaneously exhibited a continuous anti-inflammatory effect through the PLGA microspheres loaded with kartogenin (KGN-PLGA). Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the composite hydrogel scaffold. We found that the scaffold promoted cell proliferation and improved cell viability in vitro. While ensuring mechanical strength, this composite hydrogel scaffold regulated the local inflammatory microenvironment and continuously repaired tissue in the nucleus pulposus via the sequential release of drugs in vivo. When degenerative intervertebral discs in a rat model were injected with the scaffold, there was an increase in the proportion of M2 macrophages in the inflammatory environment and higher expression levels of type II collagen and aggrecan; this was accompanied by reduced levels of MMP13 expression, thus exhibiting long-term anti-inflammatory effects. Our research provides a new strategy for promoting intervertebral disc tissue regeneration and a range of other inflammatory diseases.
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Concepts of Regeneration for Spinal Diseases in 2022. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179710. [PMID: 36077105 PMCID: PMC9456518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Chen CN, Chang HI, Yen CK, Liu WL, Huang KY. Mechanical Stretch Induced Osteogenesis on Human Annulus Fibrosus Cells through Upregulation of BMP-2/6 Heterodimer and Activation of P38 and SMAD1/5/8 Signaling Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162600. [PMID: 36010676 PMCID: PMC9406707 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is an important cause of low back pain. Repetitive tensile stress from the daily motion of the spine predisposes it to injury of the annulus fibrosus (AF) which causes IVD degeneration. This study aims to determine the causal relationship between mechanical stretch and osteogenesis in the AF cells of IVD as affected by bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), specifically BMP-2/6 heterodimers. Our results found that 15% tensile stress (high cyclic stretching, HCS) may induce the expression of osteogenesis-related markers (Runx2, osterix) by upregulating BMP-2/6 heterodimeric ligands and their receptors on the human AF cell line. HCS also induced transient phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and SMAD1/5/8. Neutralizing antibodies to the BMP-2/6 receptor (ALK3) blocked the expression of Runx2 and osterix, as well as the phosphorylation of p38 and SMAD1/5/8. In addition, treatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) or siRNA to neutralize the effects of SMAD1/5/8 suppressed tensile stress-induced Runx2 and osterix expression. Mechanical stretching induces activation of p38 MAP kinase and SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathways, followed by the upregulation of BMP-2/6 heterodimer expression, thereby stimulating osteogenic Runx2 and osterix expression on AF cells. HCS may accelerate the progression of IVD degeneration by promoting an osteogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kung Yen
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5237); Fax: +886-6-2766189
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Recent Advances in Managing Spinal Intervertebral Discs Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126460. [PMID: 35742903 PMCID: PMC9223374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) represents a frequent and debilitating condition affecting a large part of the global population and posing a worldwide health and economic burden. The major cause of LBP is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a complex disease that can further aggravate and give rise to severe spine problems. As most of the current treatments for IDD either only alleviate the associated symptoms or expose patients to the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications, there is a pressing need to develop better therapeutic strategies. In this respect, the present paper first describes the pathogenesis and etiology of IDD to set the framework for what has to be combated to restore the normal state of intervertebral discs (IVDs), then further elaborates on the recent advances in managing IDD. Specifically, there are reviewed bioactive compounds and growth factors that have shown promising potential against underlying factors of IDD, cell-based therapies for IVD regeneration, biomimetic artificial IVDs, and several other emerging IDD therapeutic options (e.g., exosomes, RNA approaches, and artificial intelligence).
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