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Wang Y, Li Y, Lu Y, Li J. Biomimetic Nanoparticles for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Atherosclerosis. CHEM REC 2024:e202400087. [PMID: 39148157 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammation of blood vessels, which often has no obvious symptoms in the early stage of the disease, but when atherosclerotic plaques are formed, they often cause lumen blockage, and even plaque rupture leads to thrombosis, that is the essential factor of cardiovascular events, for example myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and renal atrophy. Therefore, it is considerably significant for the early recognition and precise therapy of plaque. Biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs), especially those coated with cell membranes, can retain the biological function of cell membranes or cells, which has led to extensive research and application in the diagnosis and treatment of AS in recent years. In this review, we summarized the roles of various key cells in AS progression, the construction of biomimetic nanoparticles based on these key cells as well as their applications in AS diagnosis and therapy. Furthermore, we give a challenge and prospect of biomimetic nanoparticles in AS, hoping to elevate their application quality and the possibility of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yize Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
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Mizuno T, Hoshino T, Ishizuka K, Toi S, Takahashi S, Wako S, Arai S, Kitagawa K. Association of circulating CD34+ cells level and prognosis after ischemic stroke. Int J Stroke 2024; 19:460-469. [PMID: 37978860 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231217192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein and a marker of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In experimental studies, CD34+ cells are rich sources of endothelial progenitor cells and can promote neovascularization and endothelial repair. The potential role of CD34+ cells in stroke patients remains unclear. AIMS We aimed to assess the prognostic effect of circulating CD34+ cell levels on the risk of vascular events and functional prognosis in stroke patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective observational study, patients with ischemic stroke were consecutively enrolled within 1 week of onset and followed up for 1 year. Patients were divided into three groups according to tertiles of the level of circulating CD34+ cells (Tertile 1, <0.51/µL; Tertile 2, 0.51-0.96/µL; and Tertile 3, >0.96/µL). The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome, major peripheral artery disease, and vascular death. The secondary outcomes included the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores. RESULTS A total of 524 patients (mean age, 71.3 years; male, 60.1%) were included. High CD34+ cell levels were associated with younger age (p < 0.001) and low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission (p = 0.010). No significant differences were found in the risk of MACEs among the three groups (annual rates: 15.0%, 13.4%, and 12.6% in Tertiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively; log-rank p = 0.70). However, there were significant differences in the mRS scores at 3 months (median (interquartile range); 2 (1-4), 1 (1-3), and 1 (0-2) in Tertiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively; p = 0.010) and 1 year (3 (1-4), 2 (1-4), and 1 (0-3); p < 0.001) among these groups. After multivariable adjustments, a higher CD34+ cell level was independently associated with good functional outcomes (mRS score of 0-2) at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-2.05) and 1 year (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.09-2.16). CONCLUSION Although no correlations were found between circulating CD34+ cell levels and vascular event risk, elevated CD34+ cell levels were associated with favorable functional recovery in stroke patients. DATA ACCESS STATEMENT Data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The TWMU Stroke Registry is registered at https://upload.umin.ac.jp as UMIN000031913.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Hoshino
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishizuka
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sono Toi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Wako
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arai
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Ni D, Lei C, Liu M, Peng J, Yi G, Mo Z. Cell death in atherosclerosis. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:495-518. [PMID: 38678316 PMCID: PMC11135874 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2344943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex and evolutionary process that involves the buildup of lipids in the arterial wall and the invasion of inflammatory cells results in atherosclerosis. Cell death is a fundamental biological process that is essential to the growth and dynamic equilibrium of all living things. Serious cell damage can cause a number of metabolic processes to stop, cell structure to be destroyed, or other irreversible changes that result in cell death. It is important to note that studies have shown that the two types of programmed cell death, apoptosis and autophagy, influence the onset and progression of atherosclerosis by controlling these cells. This could serve as a foundation for the creation of fresh atherosclerosis prevention and treatment strategies. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and necrosis, and discussed their effects on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the process of atherosclerosis, so as to provide reference for the next step to reveal the mechanism of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ni
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Cai Lei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Minqi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine (Guilin Medical University and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center), Yueyang, China
| | - Jinfu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine (Guilin Medical University and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center), Yueyang, China
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Molnár AÁ, Pásztor DT, Tarcza Z, Merkely B. Cells in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Cellular Senescence from Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17129. [PMID: 38138958 PMCID: PMC10743093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis through different complex pathways including replicative cellular senescence and age-related clonal hematopoiesis. In addition to aging, extracellular stress factors, such as mechanical and oxidative stress, can induce cellular senescence, defined as premature cellular senescence. Senescent cells can accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques over time and contribute to plaque instability. This review summarizes the role of cellular senescence in the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and highlights the most important senotherapeutics tested in cardiovascular studies targeting senescence. Continued bench-to-bedside research in cellular senescence might allow the future implementation of new effective anti-atherosclerotic preventive and treatment strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ágnes Molnár
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (D.T.P.); (Z.T.); (B.M.)
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Chen Y, Wan G, Li Z, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zou L, Liu W. Endothelial progenitor cells in pregnancy-related diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1699-1719. [PMID: 37986615 PMCID: PMC10665129 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Placental neovascularization plays a crucial role in fetomaternal circulation throughout pregnancy and is dysregulated in several pregnancy-related diseases, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and fetal growth restriction. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that differentiate into mature endothelial cells, which influence vascular homeostasis, neovascularization, and endothelial repair. Since their discovery in 1997 by Asahara et al., the role of EPCs in vascular biology has garnered a lot of interest. However, although pregnancy-related conditions are associated with changes in the number and function of EPCs, the reported findings are conflicting. This review discusses the discovery, isolation, and classification of EPCs and highlights discrepancies between current studies. Overviews of how various diseases affect the numbers and functions of EPCs, the role of EPCs as biomarkers of pregnancy disorders, and the potential therapeutic applications involving EPCs are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gui Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zeyun Li
- The First Clinical School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weifang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Altabas V, Marinković Radošević J, Špoljarec L, Uremović S, Bulum T. The Impact of Modern Anti-Diabetic Treatment on Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3051. [PMID: 38002051 PMCID: PMC10669792 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading chronic diseases globally with a significant impact on mortality. This condition is associated with chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications caused by vascular damage. Recently, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) raised interest due to their regenerative properties. EPCs are mononuclear cells that are derived from different tissues. Circulating EPCs contribute to regenerating the vessel's intima and restoring vascular function. The ability of EPCs to repair vascular damage depends on their number and functionality. Diabetic patients have a decreased circulating EPC count and impaired EPC function. This may at least partially explain the increased risk of diabetic complications, including the increased cardiovascular risk in these patients. Recent studies have confirmed that many currently available drugs with proven cardiovascular benefits have beneficial effects on EPC count and function. Among these drugs are also medications used to treat different types of diabetes. This manuscript aims to critically review currently available evidence about the ways anti-diabetic treatment affects EPC biology and to provide a broader context considering cardiovascular complications. The therapies that will be discussed include lifestyle adjustments, metformin, sulphonylureas, gut glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor analogs, sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velimir Altabas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sestre Milosrdnice University Clinical Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Marinković Radošević
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sestre Milosrdnice University Clinical Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Špoljarec
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sestre Milosrdnice University Clinical Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tomislav Bulum
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sestre Milosrdnice University Clinical Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Markina YV, Kirichenko TV, Tolstik TV, Bogatyreva AI, Zotova US, Cherednichenko VR, Postnov AY, Markin AM. Target and Cell Therapy for Atherosclerosis and CVD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10308. [PMID: 37373454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and, in particular, atherosclerosis, remain the main cause of death in the world today. Unfortunately, in most cases, CVD therapy begins after the onset of clinical symptoms and is aimed at eliminating them. In this regard, early pathogenetic therapy for CVD remains an urgent problem in modern science and healthcare. Cell therapy, aimed at eliminating tissue damage underlying the pathogenesis of some pathologies, including CVD, by replacing it with various cells, is of the greatest interest. Currently, cell therapy is the most actively developed and potentially the most effective treatment strategy for CVD associated with atherosclerosis. However, this type of therapy has some limitations. In this review, we have tried to summarize the main targets of cell therapy for CVD and atherosclerosis in particular based on the analysis using the PubMed and Scopus databases up to May 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Markina
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Taisiya V Tolstik
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Ulyana S Zotova
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Anton Yu Postnov
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander M Markin
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
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Nartea R, Mitoiu BI, Ghiorghiu I. The Link between Magnesium Supplements and Statin Medication in Dyslipidemic Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3146-3167. [PMID: 37185729 PMCID: PMC10136538 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many investigations have discovered a connection between statins and magnesium supplements. On one hand, increasing research suggests that chronic hypomagnesemia may be an important factor in the etiology of some metabolic illnesses, including obesity and overweight, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, alterations in lipid metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Chronic metabolic problems seem to be prevented by a high Mg intake combined with diet and/or supplements. On the other hand, it is known that statins lower the frequency of cardiac events, stroke, and mortality, not by lowering LDL-C, but by the capacity to reduce mevalonate formation. That will enhance endothelial function, inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and encourage macrophages to promote plaque stability and regression while reducing inflammation. Taking these factors into consideration, we did an extensive analysis of the relevant literature, comparing the effects of Mg2 and statin medications on lipoproteins and, implicitly, on the key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Nartea
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, 077016 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Ghiorghiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhi W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H. Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115749. [PMID: 36181983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common systemic disease with increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with characteristics of multiple pathways and targets, presents advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY With the modernization of TCM, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of TCM for AS treatment have been gradually revealed. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the existing studies on TCM therapies aimed at regulating AS over the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using "atherosclerosis" and "Traditional Chinese medicine" as keywords, all relevant TCM literature published in the last 10 years was collected from electronic databases (such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science), books and papers until March 2022, and the critical information was statistically analyzed. RESULTS In this review, we highlighted extracts of 8 single herbs, a total of 41 single active ingredients, 20 TCM formulae, and 25 patented drugs, which were described with chemical structure, source, model, efficacy and potential mechanism. CONCLUSION We summarized the cytopathological basis for the development of atherosclerosis involving vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, and categorically elaborated the medicinal TCM used for AS, all of which provide the current evidence on the better management of atherosclerosis by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhi
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, PR China.
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