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Glebavičiūtė G, Vijaya AK, Preta G. Effect of Statin Lipophilicity on the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38927335 PMCID: PMC11200858 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, are drugs used globally for lowering the level of cholesterol in the blood. Different clinical studies of statins in cancer patients have indicated a decrease in cancer mortality, particularly in patients using lipophilic statins compared to those on hydrophilic statins. In this paper, we selected two structurally different statins (simvastatin and pravastatin) with different lipophilicities and investigated their effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Lipophilic simvastatin highly influences cancer cell growth and survival in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, while pravastatin, due to its hydrophilic structure and limited cellular uptake, showed minimal cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulio Preta
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.G.); (A.K.V.)
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Raja Xavier JP, Rianna C, Hellwich E, Nikolou I, Lankapalli AK, Brucker SY, Singh Y, Lang F, Schäffer TE, Salker MS. Excessive endometrial PlGF- Rac1 signalling underlies endometrial cell stiffness linked to pre-eclampsia. Commun Biol 2024; 7:530. [PMID: 38704457 PMCID: PMC11069541 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell stiffness is regulated by dynamic interaction between ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and p21 protein-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) proteins, besides other biochemical and molecular regulators. In this study, we investigated how the Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) changes endometrial mechanics by modifying the actin cytoskeleton at the maternal interface. We explored the global effects of PlGF in endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) using the concerted approach of proteomics, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Proteomic analysis shows PlGF upregulated RhoGTPases activating proteins and extracellular matrix organization-associated proteins in EnSCs. Rac1 and PAK1 transcript levels, activity, and actin polymerization were significantly increased with PlGF treatment. AFM further revealed an increase in cell stiffness with PlGF treatment. The additive effect of PlGF on actin polymerization was suppressed with siRNA-mediated inhibition of Rac1, PAK1, and WAVE2. Interestingly, the increase in cell stiffness by PlGF treatment was pharmacologically reversed with pravastatin, resulting in improved trophoblast cell invasion. Taken together, aberrant PlGF levels in the endometrium can contribute to an altered pre-pregnancy maternal microenvironment and offer a unifying explanation for the pathological changes observed in conditions such as pre-eclampsia (PE).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmela Rianna
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emily Hellwich
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iliana Nikolou
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Li F, Yan C, Yao Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Fan D, Zhao J, Tang Z. Transcription Factor SATB2 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via HDAC4 in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:65. [PMID: 38254955 PMCID: PMC10815226 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development remarkably affects meat production and growth rate, regulated by complex regulatory mechanisms in pigs. Specific AT sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a classic transcription factor and chromatin organizer, which holds a profound effect in the regulation of chromatin remodeling. However, the regulation role of SATB2 concerning skeletal muscle cell fate through chromatin remodeling in pigs remains largely unknown. Here, we observed that SATB2 was expressed higher in the lean-type compared to the obese-type pigs, which also enriched the pathways of skeletal muscle development, chromatin organization, and histone modification. Functionally, knockdown SATB2 led to decreases in the proliferation and migration markers at the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively, while overexpression SATB2 had the opposite effects. Further, we found histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) was a key downstream target gene of SATB2 related to chromatin remodeling. The binding relationship between SATB2 and HDAC4 was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter system and ChIP-qPCR analysis. Besides, we revealed that HDAC4 promoted the skeletal muscle cell proliferation and migration at the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. In conclusion, our study indicates that transcription factor SATB2 binding to HDAC4 positively contributes to skeletal muscle cell proliferation and migration, which might mediate the chromatin remodeling to influence myogenesis in pigs. This study develops a novel insight into understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of myogenesis, and provides a promising gene for genetic breeding in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqinyu Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.F.)
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan 528226, China;
| | - Yilong Yao
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan 528226, China;
| | - Yalan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.F.)
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan 528226, China;
| | - Yanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.F.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Danyang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.F.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
| | - Zhonglin Tang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (D.F.)
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan 528226, China;
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
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