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Altinoz MA, Yilmaz A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Genc S, Yeni Y, Gecili I, Hacimuftuoglu A. Ulipristal-temozolomide-hydroxyurea combination for glioblastoma: in-vitro studies. J Neurosurg Sci 2024; 68:468-481. [PMID: 35766205 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.22.05718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain malignancy with worst survival. Low dose progesterone stimulates GBM growth, while progesterone receptor (PR)-antagonist mifepristone was shown to reduce growth and to enhance temozolomide sensitivity in GBM cells. Mifepristone is not available in all countries due to ethical reasons and may cause adrenal insufficiency and pelvic infections. Ulipristal is also a PR-antagonist used in treatment of uterine leiomyomas with higher biosafety. Ulipristal is demonstrated to suppress growth of breast cancer, yet it is not tested as yet whether it can also block growth and sensitize to temozolomide in glioblastoma as it was previously shown with mifepristone. Our first aim was to detect whether ulipristal exerts antiproliferative and chemotherapy-sensitizing effects in glioblastoma. Hydroxyurea inhibits DNA replication via blocking ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and it was demonstrated to increase temozolomide antineoplasticity in GBM. Progesterone receptor-activation in the uterus enhances RR transcription. Hence, we have hypothesized that PR-inactivation with ulipristal would further enhance hydroxyurea antineoplasticity by shutting down DNA synthesis mechanisms through further suppression of RR. Lastly, there exists no study as yet whether ulipristal, hydroxyurea and temozolomide could exert ternary antineoplastic efficacy, which was our last aim to define. METHODS To reveal interactions between ulipristal, hydroxyurea and temozolomide, we treated human U251 GBM cell line with these agents alone and in combination and measured cell proliferation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in conditioned medium and cellular cytokine gene expressions. RESULTS All agents significantly reduced cell proliferation significantly, yet the most significant decrease of GBM cells occurred with the triple drug combination at the 96th hour. All agents significantly decreased TAC and increased TOS in culture media, which was mostly relevant for the triple combination at the 96th hour. All these three agents tend to reduce the expression of immunosuppressive and/or GBM-growth stimulating cytokines TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-17 while increasing the expression of GBM-growth suppressing cytokine IL-23. CONCLUSIONS Reproposal of these agents in treatment of GBM would be a plausible approach if future studies prove their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Türkiye -
| | - Aysegul Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Gecili
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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Vikram, Kumar S, Ali J, Baboota S. Potential of Nanocarrier-Associated Approaches for Better Therapeutic Intervention in the Management of Glioblastoma. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:73-85. [PMID: 38193798 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, commonly known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is one of the deadliest and most invasive types of brain cancer. Two factors account for the majority of the treatment limitations for GBM. First, the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) renders malignancy treatment ineffective, leading to recurrence without full recovery. Second, several adverse effects are associated with the drugs used in conventional GBM treatment. Recent studies have developed nanocarrier systems, such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanocarriers, metal particles, and silica nanoparticles, which allow drug-loaded formulations to penetrate the BBB more effectively. This has opened up new possibilities for overcoming therapy issues. Extensive and methodical searches of databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and others were conducted to gather relevant literature for this work, using precise keyword combinations such as "GBM," "brain tumor," and "nanocarriers." This review provides deep insights into the administration of drugs using nanocarriers for the management of GBM and explores new advancements in nanotechnology. It also highlights how scientific developments can be explained in connection with hopeful findings about the potential of nanocarriers for the future successful management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET), Meerut, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Chen K, Li B, Xu H, Wu J, Li J, Sun W, Fang M, Wang W, Wang S, Zhai X. Zeolitic imidazole framework-8 loaded gelatin methacryloyl microneedles: A transdural and controlled-release drug delivery system attenuates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128388. [PMID: 38016601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a matter of significant clinical concern, often treated through early surgical decompression along with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS). However, the side effects and the unsatisfactory focal concentration of MPSS have limited its further applications. To address this limitation, herein, a versatile drug delivery system of zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) and gelatin methacryloyl microneedles (GelMA MNs) was developed for stable, transdural, and controlled sustained release of drugs in SCI. The microneedles were used to create tiny pores in the dura mater, allowing for the direct administration of drugs into the spinal cord. ZIF-8 provided a secondary extended release once they were separated from the microneedles. To attenuate the neuroinflammation, MPSS was selected. Such a combination of ZIF-8 and GelMA MNs was able to prolong the release period of MPSS to five days. The system showed transdural capacity, reduction of M1 polarization, and decrease in NLRP3-positive inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines. In vivo studies indicated that this novel drug delivery strategy could constrict the inflammatory microenvironment, reduce glial scar formation, and promote neural regeneration. Thus, this versatile drug delivery system provides an up-and-coming alternative for stable, transdural, and controlled sustained release of drugs to those suffering from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- Basic Medicine College, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Wuquan Sun
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Iqbal N, Mu G, Dong M, Yang Y, Huang Y, Yuan H, Liu X, Batool I, Carlini R. Hydrolytic degradation of methoxychlor by immobilized cellulase on LDHs@Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:170-186. [PMID: 38214993 PMCID: wst_2023_399 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4 using the co-precipitation method and then prepared magnetic carrier LDHs@Fe3O4 by immobilizing layered double hydroxide on Fe3O4 by in situ growth method. Cellulase was immobilized on this magnetic carrier by using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, which can be used for degrading Methoxychlor (MXC). The results demonstrated the maximum MXC removal efficiency of 73.4% at 45 °C and pH = 6.0 with excellent reusability. Through kinetic analysis, it was found that the degradation reaction conforms to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and is a first-order reaction. Finally, according to the EPR analysis, the active radicals in the system were found to be OH· and the degradation mechanism was proposed in combination with LC-MS. This study provides a feasible method for degrading organochlorine pesticides, which can be used for groundwater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Iqbal
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Nazar lqbal and Guangda Mu contributed equally to this work E-mail:
| | - Guangda Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Nazar lqbal and Guangda Mu contributed equally to this work
| | - Mengyang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiangnong Liu
- Analysis Test Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Irum Batool
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Riccardo Carlini
- Chemistry and Material Chemistry Department, LAS Klee-Barabino, 16146 Genova, Italy
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Nie Q, Chen W, Zhang T, Ye S, Ren Z, Zhang P, Wen J. Iron oxide nanoparticles induce ferroptosis via the autophagic pathway by synergistic bundling with paclitaxel. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:198. [PMID: 37681444 PMCID: PMC10510030 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, inhibiting tumor cell activity by triggering cell ferroptosis has become a research hotspot. The development of generic targeted nanotherapeutics might bring new ideas for non‑invasive applications. Currently, the potential mechanism underlying the universal application of paclitaxel (PTX)‑loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP@PTX) to different types of tumors is unclear. The present study aimed to prepare IONP@PTX for targeted cancer therapy and further explore the potential mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of this material on the NCI‑H446 human small cell lung cancer and brain M059K malignant glioblastoma cell lines. First, a CCK‑8 assay was performed to determine cell viability, and then the combination index for evaluating drug combination interaction effect was evaluated. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels were monitored using a DCFH‑DA fluorescent probe and a C11‑BODIPY™ fluorescent probe, respectively. Furthermore, western blotting assay was performed to determine the expression of autophagy‑ and iron death‑related proteins. The experimental results showed that, compared with either IONP monotherapy, PTX monotherapy, or IONP + PTX, IONP@PTX exerted a synergistic effect on the viability of both cell types, with significantly increased total iron ion concentration, ROS levels and lipid peroxidation levels. IONP@PTX significantly increased the expression of autophagy‑related proteins Beclin 1 and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in both cell lines (P<0.05), increased the expression of light chain 3 (LC3)‑II/I in NCI‑H446 cells (P<0.05) and decreased that of sequestosome1 (p62) in M059K cells (P<0.05). Moreover, the addition of rapamycin enhanced the IONP@PTX‑induced the upregulation of Beclin 1, LC3‑II/I and HDAC6 and the downregulation of mTORC1 protein in both cell lines (P<0.05). Moreover, rapamycin enhanced the IONP@PTX‑induced downregulation of p62 protein in NCI‑H446 cells (P<0.05), suggesting that IONP@PTX induces ferroptosis, most likely through autophagy. Collectively, the present findings show that IONP works synergistically with PTX to induce ferroptosis via the autophagic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Nie
- Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541104, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541104, P.R. China
| | - Tianmei Zhang
- Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Shangrong Ye
- Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Ren
- Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wen
- Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541104, P.R. China
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Pulvirenti L, Lombardo C, Salmeri M, Bongiorno C, Mannino G, Lo Presti F, Cambria MT, Condorelli GG. Self-assembled BiFeO 3@MIL-101 nanocomposite for antimicrobial applications under natural sunlight. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:113. [PMID: 37697156 PMCID: PMC10495303 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the synthesis of a new hybrid photocatalytic material activated by natural sunlight irradiation. The material consists of multiferroic nanoparticles of bismuth ferrite (BFO) modified through the growth of the Fe-based MIL-101 framework. Material characterization, conducted using various techniques (X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies), confirmed the growth of the MIL-101 metal-organic framework on the BFO surface. The obtained system possesses the intrinsic photo-degradative properties of BFO nanoparticles significantly enhanced by the presence of MIL-101. The photocatalytic activity of this material was tested in antibacterial experiments conducted under natural sunlight exposure within the nanocomposite concentration range of 100-0.20 µg/ml. The MIL-modified BFO showed a significant decrease in both Minimum Inhibiting Concentration and Minimum Bactericide Concentration values compared to bare nanoparticles. This confirms the photo-activating effect of the MIL-101 modification. In particular, they show an increased antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-positive species and the ability to begin to inhibit the growth of the four Escherichia coli strains, although at the maximum concentration tested. These results suggest that the new nanocomposite BiFeO3@MOF has been successfully developed and has proven to be an effective antibacterial agent against a wide range of microorganisms and a potential candidate in disinfection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pulvirenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Salmeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Cambria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Guglielmo Guido Condorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
- Consorzio INSTM UdR di Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Kumari S, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multiple therapeutic approaches of glioblastoma multiforme: From terminal to therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188913. [PMID: 37182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer showing poor prognosis. Currently, treatment methods of GBM are limited with adverse outcomes and low survival rate. Thus, advancements in the treatment of GBM are of utmost importance, which can be achieved in recent decades. However, despite aggressive initial treatment, most patients develop recurrent diseases, and the overall survival rate of patients is impossible to achieve. Currently, researchers across the globe target signaling events along with tumor microenvironment (TME) through different drug molecules to inhibit the progression of GBM, but clinically they failed to demonstrate much success. Herein, we discuss the therapeutic targets and signaling cascades along with the role of the organoids model in GBM research. Moreover, we systematically review the traditional and emerging therapeutic strategies in GBM. In addition, we discuss the implications of nanotechnologies, AI, and combinatorial approach to enhance GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India.
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Niu H, Bu H, Zhao J, Zhu Y. Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Nanoplatforms for the Theranostic Applications of Neurological Diseases. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206575. [PMID: 36908079 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are the foremost cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Owing to the special microenvironment of neural tissues and biological characteristics of neural cells, a considerable number of neurological disorders are currently incurable. In the past few years, the development of nanoplatforms based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has broadened opportunities for offering sensitive diagnosis/monitoring and effective therapy of neurology-related diseases. In this article, the obstacles for neurotherapeutics, including delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB), off-target treatment, irrepressible inflammatory storm/oxidative stress, and irreversible nerve cell death are summarized. Correspondingly, MOFs-based diagnostic/monitoring strategies such as neuroimaging and biosensors (electrochemistry, fluorometry, colorimetry, electrochemiluminescence, etc.) and MOFs-based therapeutic strategies including higher BBB permeability, targeting specific lesion sites, attenuation of neuroinflammation/oxidative stress as well as regeneration of nerve cells, are extensively highlighted for the management of neurological diseases. Finally, the challenges of the present research from perspective of clinical translation are discussed, hoping to facilitate interdisciplinary studies at the intersections between MOFs-based nanoplatforms and neurotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Niu
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Hui Bu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Rodà F, Caraffi R, Picciolini S, Tosi G, Vandelli MA, Ruozi B, Bedoni M, Ottonelli I, Duskey JT. Recent Advances on Surface-Modified GBM Targeted Nanoparticles: Targeting Strategies and Surface Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032496. [PMID: 36768820 PMCID: PMC9916841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, associated with low long-term survival. Nanoparticles (NPs) developed against GBM are a promising strategy to improve current therapies, by enhancing the brain delivery of active molecules and reducing off-target effects. In particular, NPs hold high potential for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics both across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and specifically to GBM cell receptors, pathways, or the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, the most recent strategies to deliver drugs to GBM are explored. The main focus is on how surface functionalizations are essential for BBB crossing and for tumor specific targeting. We give a critical analysis of the various ligand-based approaches that have been used to target specific cancer cell receptors and the TME, or to interfere with the signaling pathways of GBM. Despite the increasing application of NPs in the clinical setting, new methods for ligand and surface characterization are needed to optimize the synthesis, as well as to predict their in vivo behavior. An expert opinion is given on the future of this research and what is still missing to create and characterize a functional NP system for improved GBM targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rodà
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caraffi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, TE.FAR.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0592058573
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10
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Jatyan R, Singh P, Sahel DK, Karthik YG, Mittal A, Chitkara D. Polymeric and small molecule-conjugates of temozolomide as improved therapeutic agents for glioblastoma multiforme. J Control Release 2022; 350:494-513. [PMID: 35985493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), an imidazotetrazine, is a second-generation DNA alkylating agent used as a first-line treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It was approved by FDA in 2005 and declared a blockbuster drug in 2008. Although TMZ has shown 100% oral bioavailability and crosses the blood-brain barrier effectively, however it suffers from limitations such as a short half-life (∼1.8 h), rapid metabolism, and lesser accumulation in the brain (∼10-20%). Additionally, development of chemoresistance has been associated with its use. Since it is a potential chemotherapeutic agent with an unmet medical need, advanced delivery strategies have been explored to overcome the associated limitations of TMZ. Nanocarriers including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs), and polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated their ability to improve its circulation time, stability, tissue-specific accumulation, sustained release, and cellular uptake. Because of the appreciable water solubility of TMZ (∼5 mg/mL), the physical loading of TMZ in these nanocarriers is always challenging. Alternatively, the conjugation approach, wherein TMZ has been conjugated to polymers or small molecules, has been explored with improved outcomes in vitro and in vivo. This review emphasized the practical evidence of the conjugation strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of TMZ in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Jatyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sahel
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Y G Karthik
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, BITS-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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