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Cleland NRW, Bruce KD. Fatty acid sensing in the brain: The role of glial-neuronal metabolic crosstalk and horizontal lipid flux. Biochimie 2024; 223:166-178. [PMID: 35998849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The central control of energy homeostasis is a regulatory axis that involves the sensing of nutrients, signaling molecules, adipokines, and neuropeptides by neurons in the metabolic centers of the hypothalamus. However, non-neuronal glial cells are also abundant in the hypothalamus and recent findings have underscored the importance of the metabolic crosstalk and horizontal lipid flux between glia and neurons to the downstream regulation of systemic metabolism. New transgenic models and high-resolution analyses of glial phenotype and function have revealed that glia sit at the nexus between lipid metabolism and neural function, and may markedly impact the brain's response to dietary lipids or the supply of brain-derived lipids. Glia comprise the main cellular compartment involved in lipid synthesis, lipoprotein production, and lipid processing in the brain. In brief, tanycytes provide an interface between peripheral lipids and neurons, astrocytes produce lipoproteins that transport lipids to neurons and other glia, oligodendrocytes use brain-derived and dietary lipids to myelinate axons and influence neuronal function, while microglia can remove unwanted lipids in the brain and contribute to lipid re-utilization through cholesterol efflux. Here, we review recent findings regarding glial-lipid transport and highlight the specific molecular factors necessary for lipid processing in the brain, and how dysregulation of glial-neuronal metabolic crosstalk contributes to imbalanced energy homeostasis. Furthering our understanding of glial lipid metabolism will guide the design of future studies that target horizontal lipid processing in the brain to ameliorate the risk of developing obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R W Cleland
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Rhea EM, Leclerc M, Yassine HN, Capuano AW, Tong H, Petyuk VA, Macauley SL, Fioramonti X, Carmichael O, Calon F, Arvanitakis Z. State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1688-1725. [PMID: 37611907 PMCID: PMC11272209 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment. Further, therapies used to treat T2DM are now being investigated in the context of AD treatment and prevention, including insulin. In this review, we offer a definition of BIR, and present evidence for BIR in AD; we discuss the expression, function, and activation of the insulin receptor (INSR) in the brain; how BIR could develop; tools to study BIR; how BIR correlates with current AD hallmarks; and regional/cellular involvement of BIR. We close with a discussion on resilience to both BIR and AD, how current tools can be improved to better understand BIR, and future avenues for research. Overall, this review and position paper highlights BIR as a plausible therapeutic target for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Sundaram K, Teng Y, Mu J, Xu Q, Xu F, Sriwastva MK, Zhang L, Park JW, Zhang X, Yan J, Zhang SQ, Merchant ML, Chen SY, McClain CJ, Dryden GW, Zhang HG. Outer Membrane Vesicles Released from Garlic Exosome-like Nanoparticles (GaELNs) Train Gut Bacteria that Reverses Type 2 Diabetes via the Gut-Brain Axis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308680. [PMID: 38225709 PMCID: PMC11102339 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota function has numerous effects on humans and the diet humans consume has emerged as a pivotal determinant of gut microbiota function. Here, a new concept that gut microbiota can be trained by diet-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) to release healthy outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is introduced. Specifically, OMVs released from garlic ELN (GaELNs) trained human gut Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) can reverse high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in mice. Oral administration of OMVs released from GaELNs trained A. muciniphila can traffick to the brain where they are taken up by microglial cells, resulting in inhibition of high-fat diet-induced brain inflammation. GaELNs treatment increases the levels of OMV Amuc-1100, P9, and phosphatidylcholines. Increasing the levels of Amuc-1100 and P9 leads to increasing the GLP-1 plasma level. Increasing the levels of phosphatidylcholines is required for inhibition of cGas and STING-mediated inflammation and GLP-1R crosstalk with the insulin pathway that leads to increasing expression of Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS1 and IRS2) on OMV targeted cells. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism whereby OMVs from plant nanoparticle-trained gut bacteria regulate genes expressed in the brain, and have implications for the treatment of brain dysfunction caused by a metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Sundaram
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Yun Teng
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Jingyao Mu
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Fangyi Xu
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | | | - Lifeng Zhang
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
- Kentucky IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Shuang Qin Zhang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Kidney Disease Program and Clinical Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shao-yu Chen
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gerald W Dryden
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
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Yao X, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wang C, Yu Z, Huang Z, Chen C, Yang C, Ren J, Ma Y, Rong Y, Huang Y, Ming Y, Liu L. Prolonged Early Exposure to a High-Fat Diet Augments the Adverse Effects on Neurobehavior and Hippocampal Neuroplasticity: Involvement of Microglial Insulin Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1568-1586. [PMID: 37356575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption may contribute to the high prevalence of cognitive-emotional issues in modern society. Mice fed a HFD for a prolonged period develop more severe neurobehavioral disturbances when first exposed to a HFD in the juvenile period than in adulthood, suggesting an initial age-related difference in the detrimental effects of long-term HFD feeding. However, the mechanism underlying this difference remains unclear. Here, male C57BL/6J mice initially aged 4 (IA4W) or 8 (IA8W) weeks were fed a control diet (CD) or HFD for 6 months and then subjected to metabolic, neurobehavioral, and histomorphological examinations. Although the detrimental effects of long-term HFD feeding on metabolism and neurobehavior were observed in mice of both ages, IA4W-HFD mice showed significant cognitive inflexibility accompanied by significantly greater levels of anxiety-like behavior than age-matched controls. Hippocampal neuroplasticity and microglial phenotype were altered by HFD feeding, whereas significant morphological alterations were more frequently observed in IA4W-HFD mice than in IA8W-HFD mice. Additionally, significantly increased hippocampal microglial engulfment of postsynaptic proteins and elevated phospho-insulin-receptor levels were observed in IA4W-HFD, but not in IA8W-HFD, mice. These findings suggest that aberrant microglia-related histomorphological changes in the hippocampus underlie the exacerbated detrimental neurobehavioral effects of prolonged early HFD exposure and indicate that enhanced insulin signaling might drive microglial dysfunction after prolonged early HFD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Yao
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- The Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Conghui Wang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhehao Yu
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Ren
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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