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Anjani QK, Demartis S, Volpe-Zanutto F, Li H, Sabri AHB, Gavini E, Donnelly RF. Fluorescence-Coupled Techniques for Determining Rose Bengal in Dermatological Formulations and Their Application to Ex Vivo Skin Deposition Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020408. [PMID: 36839730 PMCID: PMC9960589 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rose Bengal (RB) is a fluorescent dye with several potential biomedical applications, particularly in dermatology. Due to RB's poor physicochemical properties, several advanced delivery systems have been developed as a potential tool to promote its permeation across the skin. Nevertheless, no validated quantitative method to analyse RB within the skin is described in the literature. Considering RB exhibits a conjugated ring system, the current investigation proposes fluorescence-based techniques beneficial for qualitatively and quantitatively determining RB delivered to the skin. Notably, the development and validation of a fluorescence-coupled HPLC method to quantify RB within the skin matrix are herein described for the first time. The method was validated based on the ICH, FDA and EMA guidelines, and the validated parameters included specificity, linearity, LOD, LLOQ, accuracy and precision, and carry-over and dilution integrity. Finally, the method was applied to evaluate RB's ex vivo permeation and deposition profiles when loaded into dermatological formulations. Concerning qualitative determination, multiphoton microscopy was used to track the RB distribution within the skin strata, and fluorescence emission spectra were investigated to evaluate RB's behaviour when interacting with different environments. The analytical method proved specific, precise, accurate and sensitive to analyse RB in the skin. In addition, qualitative side-analytical techniques were revealed to play an essential role in evaluating the performance of RB's dermatological formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Megarezky, Jl. Antang Raya No. 43, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | - Sara Demartis
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabiana Volpe-Zanutto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Akmal Hidayat Bin Sabri
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (R.F.D.); Tel.: +39-079-228752 (E.G.); +44-(0)-2890-972-251 (R.F.D.)
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (R.F.D.); Tel.: +39-079-228752 (E.G.); +44-(0)-2890-972-251 (R.F.D.)
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Blázquez-Moraleja A, Moya P, Marin ML, Bosca F. Synthesis of Novel Heterogeneous Photocatalysts based on Rose Bengal for effective Wastewater Disinfection and Decontamination. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hernández-Zanoletty A, Oller I, Polo-López MI, Blazquez-Moraleja A, Flores J, Luisa Marín M, Boscá F, Malato S. Assessment of new immobilized photocatalysts based on Rose Bengal for water and wastewater disinfection. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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