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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Shan L, Liu M, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, Meng H, Song Y, Zhang W, Sang Z. Chronic Iodine Intake Excess Damages the Structure of Articular Cartilage and Epiphyseal Growth Plate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4078-4086. [PMID: 38060174 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of excess iodine on the articular cartilage and epiphyseal growth plate in rats. Wistar rats (n = 200) were randomly divided into five groups with 40 rats in each: normal iodine (NI), 5-fold high iodine group (5HI), 10-fold high iodine group (10HI), 50-fold high iodine group (50HI), and 100-fold high iodine group (100HI). The rats were executed in 6 and 12 months. 24-h urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was monitored by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. The chemiluminescence method was used to determine the thyroid function. The pathological changes in the epiphyseal plate, articular cartilage, and thickness of the epiphyseal plate were observed. The mRNA expression of collagen II (ColII), collagen X, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 in articular chondrocytes was detected by RT-PCR. 24-h UIC increased as iodine intake increased. In the 12th month, there was a significant increase in serum sTSH and a decrease in serum FT4 in HI groups, compared to the NI group. There was a decrease in the number of proliferating cells in the epiphyseal plate and an increase in the number of mast cell layers. The chondrocytes appeared disorganized, and the tidal lines were disturbed or even broken. Growth plate thickness decreased with increasing iodine intake. Compared with the NI group, ColII and MMP-13 mRNA expression in chondrocytes in all HI groups significantly increased. Chronic iodine overdose increases the risk of hypothyroidism. Chronic iodine overdose leads to abnormal morphology of epiphyseal growth plates and articular cartilage, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hand Microsurgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Office, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun City, China
| | - Zeji Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Clinical Medical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Haohao Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhongna Sang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Nutrition and Population Health, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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2
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Sao K, Risbud MV. Sdc4 deletion perturbs intervertebral disc matrix homeostasis and promotes early osteopenia in the aging mouse spine. Matrix Biol 2024; 131:46-61. [PMID: 38806135 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Syndecan 4 (SDC4), a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is known to regulate matrix catabolism by nucleus pulposus cells in an inflammatory milieu. However, the role of SDC4 in the aging spine has never been explored. Here we analyzed the spinal phenotype of Sdc4 global knockout (KO) mice as a function of age. Micro-computed tomography showed that Sdc4 deletion severely reduced vertebral trabecular and cortical bone mass, and biomechanical properties of vertebrae were significantly altered in Sdc4 KO mice. These changes in vertebral bone were likely due to elevated osteoclastic activity. The histological assessment showed subtle phenotypic changes in the intervertebral disc. Imaging-Fourier transform-infrared analyses showed a reduced relative ratio of mature collagen crosslinks in young adult nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) of KO compared to wildtype discs. Additionally, relative chondroitin sulfate levels increased in the NP compartment of the KO mice. Transcriptomic analysis of NP tissue using CompBio, an AI-based tool showed biological themes associated with prominent dysregulation of heparan sulfate GAG degradation, mitochondria metabolism, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated misfolded protein processes and ER to Golgi protein processing. Overall, this study highlights the important role of SDC4 in fine-tuning vertebral bone homeostasis and extracellular matrix homeostasis in the mouse intervertebral disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimheak Sao
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 501 College Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 501 College Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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3
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Feng J, Zhang Q, Pu F, Zhu Z, Lu K, Lu WW, Tong L, Yu H, Chen D. Signalling interaction between β-catenin and other signalling molecules during osteoarthritis development. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13600. [PMID: 38199244 PMCID: PMC11150147 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent disorder of synovial joint affecting multiple joints. In the past decade, we have witnessed conceptual switch of OA pathogenesis from a 'wear and tear' disease to a disease affecting entire joint. Extensive studies have been conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms of OA using genetic mouse models and ex vivo joint tissues derived from individuals with OA. These studies revealed that multiple signalling pathways are involved in OA development, including the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling and its interaction with other signalling pathways, such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), bone morphogenic protein (BMP), Indian Hedgehog (Ihh), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and Notch. The identification of signalling interaction and underlying mechanisms are currently underway and the specific molecule(s) and key signalling pathway(s) playing a decisive role in OA development need to be evaluated. This review will focus on recent progresses in understanding of the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in OA pathogenesis and interaction of β-catenin with other pathways, such as TGF-β, BMP, Notch, Ihh, NF-κB, and FGF. Understanding of these novel insights into the interaction of β-catenin with other pathways and its integration into a complex gene regulatory network during OA development will help us identify the key signalling pathway of OA pathogenesis leading to the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for OA intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
- Department of OrthopedicsWuhan No. 1 HospitalWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of EmergencyRenmin Hospital, Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
- Department of OrthopedicsWuhan No. 1 HospitalWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ke Lu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Research Center for Computer‐aided Drug DiscoveryShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - William W. Lu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Liping Tong
- Research Center for Computer‐aided Drug DiscoveryShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of WuhanTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
- Department of OrthopedicsWuhan No. 1 HospitalWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Research Center for Computer‐aided Drug DiscoveryShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
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Arnold KM, Weaver SR, Zars EL, Tschumperlin DJ, Westendorf JJ. Inhibition of Phlpp1 preserves the mechanical integrity of articular cartilage in a murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:680-689. [PMID: 38432607 PMCID: PMC11127785 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phlpp1 inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for cartilage regeneration and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). To understand how Phlpp1 loss affects cartilage structure, cartilage elastic modulus was measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) in male and female mice after injury. METHODS Osteoarthritis was induced in male and female Wildtype (WT) and Phlpp1-/- mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). At various timepoints post-injury, activity was measured, and knee joints examined with AFM and histology. In another cohort of WT mice, the PHLPP inhibitor NSC117079 was intra-articularly injected 4 weeks after injury. RESULTS Male WT mice showed decreased activity and histological signs of cartilage damage at 12 but not 6-weeks post-DMM. Female mice showed a less severe response to DMM by comparison, with no histological changes seen at any time point. In both sexes the elastic modulus of medial condylar cartilage was decreased in WT mice but not Phlpp1-/- mice after DMM as measured by AFM. By 6-weeks, cartilage modulus had decreased from 2 MPa to 1 MPa in WT mice. Phlpp1-/- mice showed no change in modulus at 6-weeks and only a 25% decrease at 12-weeks. The PHLPP inhibitor NSC117079 protected cartilage structure and prevented signs of OA 6-weeks post-injury. CONCLUSIONS AFM is a sensitive method for detecting early changes in articular cartilage post-injury. Phlpp1 suppression, either through genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition, protects cartilage degradation in a model of PTOA, validating Phlpp1 as a therapeutic target for PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Arnold
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth L Zars
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Ignatyeva N, Gavrilov N, Timashev PS, Medvedeva EV. Prg4-Expressing Chondroprogenitor Cells in the Superficial Zone of Articular Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5605. [PMID: 38891793 PMCID: PMC11171992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Joint-resident chondrogenic precursor cells have become a significant therapeutic option due to the lack of regenerative capacity in articular cartilage. Progenitor cells are located in the superficial zone of the articular cartilage, producing lubricin/Prg4 to decrease friction of cartilage surfaces during joint movement. Prg4-positive progenitors are crucial in maintaining the joint's structure and functionality. The disappearance of progenitor cells leads to changes in articular hyaline cartilage over time, subchondral bone abnormalities, and the formation of ectopic ossification. Genetic labeling cell technology has been the main tool used to characterize Prg4-expressing progenitor cells of articular cartilage in vivo through drug injection at different time points. This technology allows for the determination of the origin of progenitor cells and the tracking of their progeny during joint development and cartilage damage. We endeavored to highlight the currently known information about the Prg4-producing cell population in the joint to underline the significance of the role of these cells in the development of articular cartilage and its homeostasis. This review focuses on superficial progenitors in the joint, how they contribute to postnatal articular cartilage formation, their capacity for regeneration, and the consequences of Prg4 deficiency in these cells. We have accumulated information about the Prg4+ cell population of articular cartilage obtained through various elegantly designed experiments using transgenic technologies to identify potential opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Ignatyeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.G.); (P.S.T.); (E.V.M.)
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Oyama S, Kanamoto T, Ebina K, Etani Y, Hirao M, Goshima A, Otani S, Hikida M, Yamakawa S, Ito S, Okada S, Nakata K. Cyclic compressive loading induces a mature meniscal cell phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells with an atelocollagen-based scaffold. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1394093. [PMID: 38832131 PMCID: PMC11145507 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1394093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Biomechanical stimulation is reportedly pivotal in meniscal regeneration, although its effect on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) meniscal differentiation remains elusive. In this study, we investigated how cyclic compressive loading (CCL) could impact MSCs using three-dimensional cultures in atelocollagen-based meniscal substitute (ACMS). Methods: We extracted MSCs from the meniscus, synovium, and articular cartilage, cultured them in three-dimensional cultures, and exposed them to CCL for 7 days. We then compared the transcriptomes of MSCs treated with and without CCL. Results: Our RNA-seq analysis revealed that CCL induced significant transcriptome changes, significantly affecting chondrocyte-related genes, including SOX9, TGFB1, and PRG4 upregulation. CCL induced transcriptional differentiation of meniscus progenitors toward mature meniscal cells. Conclusion: This study unveils the potential of mechanical stress in promoting MSC meniscal differentiation within ACMS. Our investigations provide new insights for mechanisms underlying meniscal regeneration with ACMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Oyama
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanamoto
- Department of Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Etani
- Department of Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunya Otani
- Department of Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minami Hikida
- Department of Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamakawa
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Ito
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Singh S, Badiger VA, Balan S, Nampoothiri S, Rao AP, Shah H, Bhavani GS, Narayanan DL, Girisha KM. Thirteen Indians with camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome. Clin Dysmorphol 2024:00019605-990000000-00067. [PMID: 38856641 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome (MIM# 208250) is a rare monogenic disorder, characterized by early onset of camptodactyly, progressive coxa vara, bilateral arthropathy and constrictive pericarditis. The syndrome is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in PRG4. Deficiency of PRG4 results in progressive worsening of joint deformity with age. Thirteen individuals with CACP syndrome from eight consanguineous Indian families were evaluated. We used exome sequencing to elucidate disease-causing variants in all the probands. These variants were further validated and segregated by Sanger sequencing, confirming the diagnosis of CACP syndrome in them. Seven females and six males aged 2-23 years were studied. Camptodactyly (13/13), coxa vara (11/13), short femoral neck (11/13) and arthritis in large joints (12/13) [wrists (11/13), ankle (11/13), elbow (10/13) and knee (10/13)] were observed commonly. Five novel disease-causing variants (c.3636G>T, c.1935del, c.1134dup, c.1699del and c.962T>A) and two previously reported variants (c.1910_1911del and c.2816_2817del) were identified in homozygous state in PRG4. We describe the phenotype and mutations in one of the large cohorts of patients with CACP syndrome, from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Vaishnavi Ashok Badiger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Suma Balan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Paediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala
| | - Anand Prahalad Rao
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Gandham SriLakshmi Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Dhanya Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
- DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance Early Career Clinical and Public Health Research Fellow, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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8
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Majumder N, Roy C, Doenges L, Martin I, Barbero A, Ghosh S. Covalent Conjugation of Small Molecule Inhibitors and Growth Factors to a Silk Fibroin-Derived Bioink to Develop Phenotypically Stable 3D Bioprinted Cartilage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9925-9943. [PMID: 38362893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Implantation of a phenotypically stable cartilage graft could represent a viable approach for repairing osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage lesions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of modulating the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling cascades in human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC)-encapsulated silk fibroin gelatin (SF-G) bioink. The selected small molecules LDN193189, TGFβ3, and IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) are covalently conjugated to SF-G biomaterial to ensure sustained release, increased bioavailability, and printability, confirmed by ATR-FTIR, release kinetics, and rheological analyses. The 3D bioprinted constructs with chondrogenically differentiated hBMSCs were incubated in an OA-inducing medium for 14 days and assessed through a detailed qPCR, immunofluorescence, and biochemical analyses. Despite substantial heterogeneity in the observations among the donors, the IL1Ra molecule illustrated the maximum efficiency in enhancing the expression of articular cartilage components, reducing the expression of hypertrophic markers (re-validated by the GeneMANIA tool), as well as reducing the production of inflammatory molecules by the hBMSCs. Therefore, this study demonstrated a novel strategy to develop a chemically decorated, printable and biomimetic SF-G bioink to produce hyaline cartilage grafts resistant to acquiring OA traits that can be used for the treatment of degenerated cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Majumder
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chandrashish Roy
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Laura Doenges
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Gonzalez-Nolde S, Schweiger CJ, Davis EER, Manzoni TJ, Hussein SMI, Schmidt TA, Cone SG, Jay GD, Parreno J. The Actin Cytoskeleton as a Regulator of Proteoglycan 4. Cartilage 2024:19476035231223455. [PMID: 38183234 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231223455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage is responsible for distributing shear forces for optimal cartilage loading and contributes to joint lubrication through the production of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4). PRG4 plays a critical role in joint homeostasis and is chondroprotective. Normal PRG4 production is affected by inflammation and irregular mechanical loading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). THe SZ chondrocyte (SZC) phenotype, including PRG4 expression, is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in vitro. There remains a limited understanding of the regulation of PRG4 by the actin cytoskeleton in native articular chondrocytes. The filamentous (F)-actin cytoskeleton is a potential node in crosstalk between mechanical stimulation and cytokine activation and the regulation of PRG4 in SZCs, therefore developing insights in the regulation of PRG4 by actin may identify molecular targets for novel PTOA therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search on PRG4 and the regulation of the SZC phenotype by actin organization was performed. RESULTS PRG4 is strongly regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in isolated SZCs in vitro. Biochemical and mechanical stimuli have been characterized to regulate PRG4 and may converge upon actin cytoskeleton signaling. CONCLUSION Actin-based regulation of PRG4 in native SZCs is not fully understood and requires further elucidation. Understanding the regulation of PRG4 by actin in SZCs requires an in vivo context to further potential of leveraging actin arrangement to arthritic therapeutics.
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Steinwerth P, Bertrand J, Sandt V, Marchal S, Sahana J, Bollmann M, Schulz H, Kopp S, Grimm D, Wehland M. Structural and Molecular Changes of Human Chondrocytes Exposed to the Rotating Wall Vessel Bioreactor. Biomolecules 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 38254625 PMCID: PMC10813504 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by a loss of articular cartilage, has more than doubled worldwide. Patients suffer from pain and progressive loss of joint function. Cartilage is an avascular tissue mostly consisting of extracellular matrix with embedded chondrocytes. As such, it does not regenerate naturally, which makes an early onset of OA prevention and treatment a necessity to sustain the patients' quality of life. In recent years, tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of cartilage lesions have gained more and more momentum. In this study, we aimed to investigate the scaffold-free 3D cartilage tissue formation under simulated microgravity in the NASA-developed rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor. For this purpose, we cultured both primary human chondrocytes as well as cells from the immortalized line C28/I2 for up to 14 days on the RWV and analyzed tissue morphology, development of apoptosis, and expression of cartilage-specific proteins and genes by histological staining, TUNEL-assays, immunohistochemical detection of collagen species, and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. We observed spheroid formation in both cell types starting on day 3. After 14 days, constructs from C28/I2 cells had diameters of up to 5 mm, while primary chondrocyte spheroids were slightly smaller with 3 mm. Further inspection of the 14-day-old C28/I2 spheroids revealed a characteristic cartilage morphology with collagen-type 1, -type 2, and -type 10 positivity. Interestingly, these tissues were less susceptible to RWV-induced differential gene expression than those formed from primary chondrocytes, which showed significant changes in the regulation of IL6, ACTB, TUBB, VIM, COL1A1, COL10A1, MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, ITGB1, LAMA1, RUNX3, SOX9, and CASP3 gene expression. These diverging findings might reflect the differences between primary and immortalized cells. Taken together, this study shows that simulated microgravity using the RWV bioreactor is suitable to engineer dense 3D cartilage-like tissue without addition of scaffolds or any other artificial materials. Both primary articular cells and the stable chondrocyte cell line C28/I2 formed 3D neocartilage when exposed for 14 days to an RWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Steinwerth
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.S.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.B.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Viviann Sandt
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.S.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Shannon Marchal
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.S.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Miriam Bollmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.S.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (M.W.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Core Facility Tissue Engineering, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.S.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (M.W.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.S.); (V.S.); (S.M.); (H.S.); (M.W.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
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11
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Murakami T, Ruengsinpinya L, Takahata Y, Nakaminami Y, Hata K, Nishimura R. HOXA10 promotes Gdf5 expression in articular chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22778. [PMID: 38123662 PMCID: PMC10733362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), a BMP family member, is highly expressed in the surface layer of articular cartilage. The GDF5 gene is a key risk locus for osteoarthritis and Gdf5-deficient mice show abnormal joint development, indicating that GDF5 is essential in joint development and homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to identify transcription factors involved in Gdf5 expression by performing two-step screening. We first performed microarray analyses to find transcription factors specifically and highly expressed in the superficial zone (SFZ) cells of articular cartilage, and isolated 11 transcription factors highly expressed in SFZ cells but not in costal chondrocytes. To further proceed with the identification, we generated Gdf5-HiBiT knock-in (Gdf5-HiBiT KI) mice, by which we can easily and reproducibly monitor Gdf5 expression, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Among the 11 transcription factors, Hoxa10 clearly upregulated HiBiT activity in the SFZ cells isolated from Gdf5-HiBiT KI mice. Hoxa10 overexpression increased Gdf5 expression while Hoxa10 knockdown decreased it in the SFZ cells. Moreover, ChIP and promoter assays proved the direct regulation of Gdf5 expression by HOXA10. Thus, our results indicate the important role played by HOXA10 in Gdf5 regulation and the usefulness of Gdf5-HiBiT KI mice for monitoring Gdf5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Lerdluck Ruengsinpinya
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuri Nakaminami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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12
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Wang YP, Di WJ, Yang S, Qin SL, Xu YF, Han PF, Hou KD. The association of growth differentiation factor 5 rs143383 gene polymorphism with osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:763. [PMID: 37817264 PMCID: PMC10563324 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by a complex set of pathophysiological factors. The genetic factors involved in the occurrence and progress of the disease have been widely discussed by scholars. It was found that growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene polymorphisms may be linked to OA susceptibility, which has been controversial and needs to be further confirmed by an updated meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between GDF5 rs143383 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and OA susceptibility. METHODS All relevant articles that met the criteria are retrieved and included, and the search deadline is June 2022. The allele frequencies and different genotype frequencies of GDF5 rs143383 loci in each study were extracted and statistically analyzed by R4.1.3 software, and the different genetic models were analyzed based on their odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The meta-analysis explained that GDF5 rs143383 SNP was crucial correlated with OA in all patients with OA of knee, hip and hand. The codominant gene model in the whole crowd (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.27, P < 0.01) enlightened that OA was vitally associated with GDF5 gene polymorphism. At the same time, we did a subgroup analysis based on ethnicity. The codominant gene model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.53, P < 0.01) in Asian population, the codominant homozygote model (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.43), codominant heterozygote gene model (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.23, P = 0.02), and dominant gene model (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.31, P < 0.01) in Caucasian are analyzed by subgroup analysis. It means that there is a momentous relationship between the GDF5rs143383 gene polymorphism and OA, especially among Caucasians. In addition, we also discussed different types of OA separately and discover that the GDF5rs143383 gene polymorphism was relevant for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and hand osteoarthritis, and it was more significant in the Caucasian population. But due to the high heterogeneity in hip osteoarthritis, it could not be accurately concluded. Furthermore, we also analyzed the osteoarthritis of different genders and found that the GDF5 rs143383 SNP was associated with both men and women and was still significant in the Caucasian population. CONCLUSION We found a close association between osteoarthritis and GDF5rs143383SNP in this study. From the analysis of each group, we got the same conclusion in KOA and hand OA, but which need further verification in hip OA. Considering gender, we found a close relationship between GDF5 rs143383 SNP and OA of the knee, hip and hand, both for men and women. This conclusion is more obvious in Caucasian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101200, China
| | - Wen-Jia Di
- Department of Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Shi-Lei Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhi Yunfeng Hospital, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhi Yunfeng Hospital, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Peng-Fei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China.
| | - Ke-Dong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101200, China.
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13
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Zhang SJ, Qin XZ, Zhou J, He BF, Shrestha S, Zhang J, Hu WP. Adipocyte dysfunction promotes lung inflammation and aberrant repair: a potential target of COPD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1204744. [PMID: 37886639 PMCID: PMC10597776 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1204744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prevailing worldwide, bringing a heavy medical burden. Clinical and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and COPD is paradoxical and elusive. We aim to explore their inherent associations from clinical, genetic, and animal levels. Methods We performed literature review and cohort analysis of patients with COPD to compare lung function, symptom, and prognosis among different weight groups. After retrieving datasets of obesity and COPD in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we carried out differentially expressed gene analysis, functional enrichment, protein-protein interactions network, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Then, we acquired paraffin-embedded lung tissues of fatty acid-binding protein 4-Cre-BMPR2fl/fl conditional knockout (CKO) mice that were characterized by adipocyte-specific knockout of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) for staining and analysis. Results Our cohort study reports the effect of obesity on COPD is inconsistent with previous clinical studies. Lung function of overweight group was statistically superior to that of other groups. We also found that the inflammatory factors were significantly increased hub genes, and cytokine-associated pathways were enriched in white adipose tissue of patients with obesity. Similarly, injury repair-associated genes and pathways were further enhanced in the small airways of patients with COPD. CKO mice spontaneously developed lung injury, emphysema, and pulmonary vascular remodeling, along with increased infiltration of macrophages. BMPR2-defiecient adipocytes had dysregulated expression of adipocytokines. Conclusion Inflammation and abnormal repair might be potential mechanisms of the pathological association between obesity and COPD. BMPR2-associated adipocyte dysfunction promoted lung inflammation and aberrant repair, in which adipocytokines might play a role and thus could be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-jin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-zheng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-feng He
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-ping Hu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Loder S, Patel N, Morgani S, Sambon M, Leucht P, Levi B. Genetic models for lineage tracing in musculoskeletal development, injury, and healing. Bone 2023; 173:116777. [PMID: 37156345 PMCID: PMC10860167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal development and later post-natal homeostasis are highly dynamic processes, marked by rapid structural and functional changes across very short periods of time. Adult anatomy and physiology are derived from pre-existing cellular and biochemical states. Consequently, these early developmental states guide and predict the future of the system as a whole. Tools have been developed to mark, trace, and follow specific cells and their progeny either from one developmental state to the next or between circumstances of health and disease. There are now many such technologies alongside a library of molecular markers which may be utilized in conjunction to allow for precise development of unique cell 'lineages'. In this review, we first describe the development of the musculoskeletal system beginning as an embryonic germ layer and at each of the key developmental stages that follow. We then discuss these structures in the context of adult tissues during homeostasis, injury, and repair. Special focus is given in each of these sections to the key genes involved which may serve as markers of lineage or later in post-natal tissues. We then finish with a technical assessment of lineage tracing and the techniques and technologies currently used to mark cells, tissues, and structures within the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Loder
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall, Suite 6B, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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15
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Root ZD, Jandzik D, Gould C, Allen C, Brewer M, Medeiros DM. Cartilage diversification and modularity drove the evolution of the ancestral vertebrate head skeleton. EvoDevo 2023; 14:8. [PMID: 37147719 PMCID: PMC10161429 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-023-00211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate head skeleton has evolved a myriad of forms since their divergence from invertebrate chordates. The connection between novel gene expression and cell types is therefore of importance in this process. The transformation of the jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) head skeleton from oral cirri to jointed jaw elements required a diversity of cartilages as well as changes in the patterning of these tissues. Although lampreys are a sister clade to gnathostomes, they display skeletal diversity with distinct gene expression and histologies, a useful model for addressing joint evolution. Specifically, the lamprey tissue known as mucocartilage has noted similarities with the jointed elements of the mandibular arch in jawed vertebrates. We thus asked whether the cells in lamprey mucocartilage and gnathostome joint tissue could be considered homologous. To do this, we characterized new genes that are involved in gnathostome joint formation and characterized the histochemical properties of lamprey skeletal types. We find that most of these genes are minimally found in mucocartilage and are likely later innovations, but we do identify new activity for gdf5/6/7b in both hyaline and mucocartilage, supporting its role as a chondrogenic regulator. Contrary to previous works, our histological assays do not find any perichondrial fibroblasts surrounding mucocartilage, suggesting that mucocartilage is non-skeletogenic tissue that is partially chondrified. Interestingly, we also identify new histochemical features of the lamprey otic capsule that diverge from normal hyaline. Paired with our new insights into lamprey mucocartilage, we propose a broader framework for skeletal evolution in which an ancestral soxD/E and gdf5/6/7 network directs mesenchyme along a spectrum of cartilage-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Root
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, 84215 Slovakia
| | - Claire Gould
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Cara Allen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Margaux Brewer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Daniel M. Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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16
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Niu J, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang M. Thrombospondin-2 acts as a critical regulator of cartilage regeneration: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33651. [PMID: 37115081 PMCID: PMC10145989 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of articular cartilage tissue is the most common cause of articular cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis. There are limitations in chondrocyte self-renewal and conventional treatments. During cartilage regeneration and repair, growth factors are typically used to induce cartilage differentiation in stem cells. The role of thrombospondin-2 in cartilage formation has received much attention in recent years. This paper reviews the role of thrombospondin-2 in cartilage regeneration and the important role it plays in protecting cartilage from damage caused by inflammation or trauma and in the regenerative repair of cartilage by binding to different receptors and activating different intracellular signaling pathways. These studies provide new ideas for cartilage repair in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Niu
- The College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Northwest University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P. R. China
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Molecular Mechanisms of Cartilage Repair and Their Possible Clinical Uses: A Review of Recent Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214272. [PMID: 36430749 PMCID: PMC9697852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) defects are frequent but hard to manage. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal illness that afflicts between 250 and 500 million people in the world. Even though traditional OA drugs can partly alleviate pain, these drugs cannot entirely cure OA. Since cartilaginous tissue of the joints has a poor self-repair capacity and very poor proliferative ability, the healing of injured cartilaginous tissue of the joint has not been accomplished so far. Consequently, the discovery of efficacious mediations and regenerative treatments for OA is needed. This manuscript reviews the basic concepts and the recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of cartilage repair and their potential clinical applications. For this purpose, a literature exploration was carried out in PubMed for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. On 31 October 2022 and using "cartilage repair molecular mechanisms" as keywords, 41 articles were found in 2020, 42 in 2021, and 36 in 2022. Of the total of 119 articles, 80 were excluded as they were not directly related to the title of this manuscript. Of particular note are the advances concerning the mechanisms of action of hyaluronic acid, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), nanotechnology, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EHZ2), hesperetin, high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2), α2-macroglobulin (α2M), proteoglycan 4 (Prg4)/lubricin, and peptides related to cartilage repair and treatment of OA. Despite the progress made, current science has not yet achieved a definitive solution for healing AC lesions or repairing cartilage in the case of OA. Therefore, further research into the molecular mechanisms of AC damage is needed in the coming decades.
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