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Akhavan AA, Pang JH, Morrison SD, Satterwhite T. Gender Affirming Facial Surgery-Anatomy and Procedures for Facial Masculinization. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2024; 36:221-236. [PMID: 38458858 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
For some patients, feminine facial features may cause significant gender dysphoria. Multiple nonsurgical and surgical techniques exist to masculinize facial features. Nonsurgical techniques include testosterone supplementation and dermal fillers. Surgical techniques include soft tissue manipulation, synthetic implants, regenerative scaffolding, or bony reconstruction. Many techniques are derived from experience with cisgender patients, but are adapted with special considerations to differing anatomy between cisgender and transgender men and women. Currently, facial masculinization is less commonly sought than feminization, but demand is likely to increase as techniques are refined and made available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Andre Akhavan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen Street, Suite E1620, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; Align Surgical Associates, 2299 Post Street, Suite 207, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - John Henry Pang
- Align Surgical Associates, 2299 Post Street, Suite 207, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Shane D Morrison
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356165, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas Satterwhite
- Align Surgical Associates, 2299 Post Street, Suite 207, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center.
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Dechaene V, Gallet C, Soueges S, Liu L, Delabar V, Adélaïde L, Jarraud S, Dauwalder O, Jouanneau E, Wan M, Jacquesson T, Guyotat J, Conrad A, Triffault-Fillit C, Ferry T, Valour F. Diagnostic, clinical management, and outcome of bone flap-related osteomyelitis after cranioplasty. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 137:48-54. [PMID: 37839505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe diagnostic, management, and outcome of bone flap-related osteomyelitis after cranioplasty. METHODS Patients followed up in our tertiary care hospital for bone flap-related osteomyelitis after cranioplasty were included in a retrospective cohort (2008-2021). Determinants of treatment failure were assessed using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier curves analysis. RESULTS The 144 included patients (81 [56.3%] males; median age 53.4 [interquartile range [IQR], 42.6-62.5] years) mostly presented wound abnormalities (n = 115, 79.9%). All infections were documented, the main pathogens being Staphylococcus aureus (n = 64, 44.4%), Cutibacterium acnes (n = 57, 39.6%), gram-negative bacilli (n = 40, 27.8%) and/or non-aureus staphylococci (n = 34, 23.6%). Surgery was performed in 140 (97.2%) cases, for bone flap removal (n = 102, 72.9%) or debridement with flap retention (n = 31, 22.1%), along with 12.7 (IQR, 8.0-14.0) weeks of antimicrobial therapy. After a follow-up of 117.1 (IQR, 62.5-235.5) weeks, 37 (26.1%) failures were observed: 16 (43.2%) infection persistence, three (8.1%) relapses, 22 (59.5%) superinfections and/or two (1.7%) infection-related deaths. Excluding superinfections, determinants of the 19 (13.4%) specific failures were an index craniectomy for brain tumor (odds ratio = 4.038, P = 0.033) and curettage of bone edges (odds ratio = 0.342, P = 0.048). CONCLUSION Post-craniectomy bone flap osteomyelitis are difficult-to-treat infection, necessitating prolonged antimicrobial therapy with appropriate surgical debridement, and advocating for multidisciplinary management in dedicated reference centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Dechaene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reference Center for the Management of Complex Bone and Joint Infections (CRIOAc, Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clémentine Gallet
- Department of Neurosurgery D, Tumoral and Vascular Malformation Surgery Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Soueges
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reference Center for the Management of Complex Bone and Joint Infections (CRIOAc, Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lannie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery B, Skull Base Surgery Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Violaine Delabar
- Department of Neurosurgery B, Skull Base Surgery Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Léopold Adélaïde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lucien Husset Hospital, Vienne, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- 24/24 Microbiology Plateforme, Infectious Agent Institute, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Dauwalder
- 24/24 Microbiology Plateforme, Infectious Agent Institute, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Jouanneau
- Department of Neurosurgery B, Skull Base Surgery Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reference Center for the Management of Complex Bone and Joint Infections (CRIOAc, Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Timothée Jacquesson
- Department of Neurosurgery B, Skull Base Surgery Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Anatomy, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; CREATIS Laboratory, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgery D, Tumoral and Vascular Malformation Surgery Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Conrad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reference Center for the Management of Complex Bone and Joint Infections (CRIOAc, Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Triffault-Fillit
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reference Center for the Management of Complex Bone and Joint Infections (CRIOAc, Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reference Center for the Management of Complex Bone and Joint Infections (CRIOAc, Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Valour
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reference Center for the Management of Complex Bone and Joint Infections (CRIOAc, Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.
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