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Koroleva ON, Kuzmina NV, Dubrovin EV, Drutsa VL. Atomic force microscopy of spherical intermediates on the pathway to fibril formation of influenza A virus nuclear export protein. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1131-1145. [PMID: 38270267 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear export protein of the influenza A virus (NEP) is involved in many important processes of the virus life cycle. This makes it an attractive target for the treatment of a disease caused by a virus. Previously it has been shown, that recombinant variants of NEP are highly prone to aggregation in solution under various conditions with the formation of amyloid-like aggregates. In the present work, the amyloid nature of NEP aggregates was evidenced by Congo red binding assays. Atomic force microscopy has shown that NEP can form two types of spherical nanoparticles, which provide an alternative pathway for the formation of amyloid-like fibrils. Type I of these "fibrillogenic" spheres, formed under physiological conditions, represents the micelle-like particles with height 10-60 nm, which can generate worm-like flexible fibrils with the diameter 2.5-4.0 nm, length 20-500 nm and the Young's modulus ~73 MPa. Type II spherical aggregates with size of about 400-1000 nm, formed at elevated temperatures, includes fractions of drop-like and vesicle-like particles, generating more rigid amyloid-like fibrils with height of ~8 nm, and length of up to 2 μm. The hypothetical mechanism of fibril formation via nanospherical structures was suggested. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: AFM has revealed two types of the influenza A virus nuclear export protein spherical aggregates. They provide an alternative pathway for the formation of amyloid-like fibrils. The mechanism of fibril formation via spherical structures is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Koroleva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Kuzmina
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy V Dubrovin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology, MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriy L Drutsa
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Cheong DY, Roh S, Park I, Lin Y, Lee YH, Lee T, Lee SW, Lee D, Jung HG, Kim H, Lee W, Yoon DS, Hong Y, Lee G. Proteolysis-driven proliferation and rigidification of pepsin-resistant amyloid fibrils. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:601-607. [PMID: 36543295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis of amyloids is related to prevention and treatment of amyloidosis. What if the conditions for proteolysis were the same to those for amyloid formation? For example, pepsin, a gastric protease is activated in an acidic environment, which, interestingly, is also a condition that induces the amyloid formation. Here, we investigate the competition reactions between proteolysis and synthesis of amyloid under pepsin-activated conditions. The changes in the quantities and nanomechanical properties of amyloids after pepsin treatment were examined by fluorescence assay, circular dichroism and atomic force microscopy. We found that, in the case of pepsin-resistant amyloid, a secondary reaction can be accelerated, thereby proliferating amyloids. Moreover, after this reaction, the amyloid became 32.4 % thicker and 24.2 % stiffer than the original one. Our results suggest a new insight into the proteolysis-driven proliferation and rigidification of pepsin-resistant amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yeon Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Seokbeom Roh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Insu Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, South Korea
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28119, South Korea; Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea; Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, South Korea
| | - Taeha Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Dongtak Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Gi Jung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, South Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; ASTRION Inc., Seoul 02841, South Korea.
| | - Yoochan Hong
- Department of Medical Devices, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daegu 42994, South Korea.
| | - Gyudo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea.
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