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Gezehagn Kussia G, Tessema TS. The Potential of Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody: Role in Future Therapeutic and Diagnostic Biologics. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:1804038. [PMID: 39156005 PMCID: PMC11329312 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1804038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of genetic engineering has revolutionized the field of immunology by allowing the utilization of intrinsic antibody structures. One of the biologics that are being produced by recombinant antibody technology is single-chain fragments variable (scFv). Genes of variable regions, the heavy and light chains that are genetically linked into a single transcript by a short flexible linker peptide, are used to generate this fragment from cellular and synthetic libraries. The specificity and affinity of these molecules are comparable to those of parental antibodies. Fusion with marker proteins and other potent molecules improves their stability, circulation half-life, activity, and efficient purification. Besides, this review comprises construction protocols, therapeutics, and diagnostic applications of scFv, as well as related challenges. Nonetheless, there are still issues with efficacy, stability, safety, intracellular administration, and production costs that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Gezehagn Kussia
- Genomics and BioinformaticsBio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa 5954, Ethiopia
- Institute of BiotechnologyAddis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia
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2
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Shraim R, Mooney B, Conkrite KL, Weiner AK, Morin GB, Sorensen PH, Maris JM, Diskin SJ, Sacan A. IMMUNOTAR - Integrative prioritization of cell surface targets for cancer immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597422. [PMID: 38895237 PMCID: PMC11185603 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally. Recent improvements in survival have been facilitated by the development of less toxic immunotherapies; however, identifying targets for immunotherapies remains a challenge in the field. To address this challenge, we developed IMMUNOTAR, a computational tool that systematically prioritizes and identifies candidate immunotherapeutic targets. IMMUNOTAR integrates user-provided RNA-sequencing or proteomics data with quantitative features extracted from publicly available databases based on predefined optimal immunotherapeutic target criteria and quantitatively prioritizes potential surface protein targets. We demonstrate the utility and flexibility of IMMUNOTAR using three distinct datasets, validating its effectiveness in identifying both known and new potential immunotherapeutic targets within the analyzed cancer phenotypes. Overall, IMMUNOTAR enables the compilation of data from multiple sources into a unified platform, allowing users to simultaneously evaluate surface proteins across diverse criteria. By streamlining target identification, IMMUNOTAR empowers researchers to efficiently allocate resources and accelerate immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Shraim
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health System, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian Mooney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karina L. Conkrite
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amber K. Weiner
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregg B. Morin
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Poul H. Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sharon J. Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ahmet Sacan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health System, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Jahandar-Lashaki S, Farajnia S, Faraji-Barhagh A, Hosseini Z, Bakhtiyari N, Rahbarnia L. Phage Display as a Medium for Target Therapy Based Drug Discovery, Review and Update. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01195-6. [PMID: 38822912 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Phage libraries are now amongst the most prominent approaches for the identification of high-affinity antibodies/peptides from billions of displayed phages in a specific library through the biopanning process. Due to its ability to discover potential therapeutic candidates that bind specifically to targets, phage display has gained considerable attention in targeted therapy. Using this approach, peptides with high-affinity and specificity can be identified for potential therapeutic or diagnostic use. Furthermore, phage libraries can be used to rapidly screen and identify novel antibodies to develop immunotherapeutics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several phage display-derived peptides and antibodies for the treatment of different diseases. In the current review, we provided a comprehensive insight into the role of phage display-derived peptides and antibodies in the treatment of different diseases including cancers, infectious diseases and neurological disorders. We also explored the applications of phage display in targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and CAR T-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Jahandar-Lashaki
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Aref Faraji-Barhagh
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nasim Bakhtiyari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Rahbarnia
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Pandey R, Chiu CC, Wang LF. Immunotherapy Study on Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Combined with Cytotoxic T Cells and miRNA34a. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1364-1381. [PMID: 38291993 PMCID: PMC10915804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, and the use of microRNAs (miRNAs) as therapeutic agents has gained significant attention. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of immunotherapy utilizing miRNA34a and Jurkat T cells in inducing cell death in non-small-cell lung cancer cells, specifically A549 cells. Moreover, we explored the impact of Jurkat T cell activation and miRNA34a delivery using iron oxide nanorods (IONRs) on the killing of cancer cells. A549 cells were cocultured with both activated and inactivated Jurkat T cells, both before and after the delivery of miRNA34a. Surprisingly, our results revealed that even inactive Jurkat T cells were capable of inducing cell death in cancer cells. This unexpected observation suggested the presence of alternative mechanisms by which Jurkat T cells can exert cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. We stimulated Jurkat T cells using anti-CD3/CD28 and analyzed their efficacy in killing A549 compared to that of the inactive Jurkat T cells in conjunction with miRNA34a. Our findings indicated that the activation of Jurkat T cells significantly enhanced their cytotoxic potential against cancer cells compared to their inactive counterparts. The combined treatment of A549 cells with activated Jurkat T cells and miRNA34a demonstrated the highest level of cancer cell death, suggesting a synergistic effect between Jurkat T cell activation and miRNA therapy. Besides the apoptosis mechanism for the Jurkat T cells' cytotoxic effects on A549 cells, we furthermore investigated the ferroptosis pathway, which was found to have an impact on the cancer cell killing due to the presence of miRNA34a and IONRs as the delivery agent inside the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pandey
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hospital, No.100 Tzyou
first Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hospital, No.100 Tzyou
first Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute
of Medical Science and Technology, National
Sun Yat-Sen University, No.70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
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Kim JW, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Heo K, Lee Y, Jang HJ, Lee HY, Park JW, Cho YB, Shin HG, Yang HR, Lee HE, Song JY, Lee S. Empowering SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralization with a bifunctional antibody engineered with tandem heptad repeat 2 peptides. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29506. [PMID: 38445718 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
With the global pandemic and the continuous mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the need for effective and broadly neutralizing treatments has become increasingly urgent. This study introduces a novel strategy that targets two aspects simultaneously, using bifunctional antibodies to inhibit both the attachment of SARS-CoV-2 to host cell membranes and viral fusion. We developed pioneering IgG4-(HR2)4 bifunctional antibodies by creating immunoglobulin G4-based and phage display-derived human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically bind to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, engineered with four heptad repeat 2 (HR2) peptides. Our in vitro experiments demonstrate the superior neutralization efficacy of these engineered antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, ranging from original SARS-CoV-2 strain to the recently emerged Omicron variants, as well as SARS-CoV, outperforming the parental mAb. Notably, intravenous monotherapy with the bifunctional antibody neutralizes a SARS-CoV-2 variant in a murine model without causing significant toxicity. In summary, this study unveils the significant potential of HR2 peptide-driven bifunctional antibodies as a potent and versatile strategy for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infections. This approach offers a promising avenue for rapid development and management in the face of the continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, holding substantial promise for pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonwoo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jeong Jang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Bin Cho
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Eon Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Song
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JW, Cho AH, Shin HG, Jang SH, Cho SY, Lee YR, Lee S. Development and Characterization of Phage Display-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies to the S2 Domain of Spike Proteins of Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and Multiple Variants. Viruses 2023; 15:174. [PMID: 36680213 PMCID: PMC9862430 DOI: 10.3390/v15010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has resulted in the ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Thus, the rapid development of a platform to detect a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 variants is essential for successful COVID-19 management. In this study, four SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) were isolated from a synthetic antibody library using phage display technology. Following the conversion of these scFvs into monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (K104.1-K104.4) and production and purification of the mAbs, the antibody pair (K104.1 and K104.2) that exhibited the highest binding affinity (K104.1 and K104.2, 1.3 nM and 1.9 nM) was selected. Biochemical analyses revealed that this antibody pair specifically bound to different sites on the S2 subunit of the spike protein. Furthermore, we developed a highly sensitive sandwich immunoassay using this antibody pair that accurately and quantitatively detected the spike proteins of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and multiple variants, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, and Omicron, in the picomolar range. Conclusively, the novel phage display-derived mAbs we have developed may be useful for the rapid and efficient detection of the fast-evolving SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Cho
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Shin
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Cho
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Rim Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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Kim JW, Min SW, Lee J, Shin HG, Choi HL, Yang HR, Lee JH, Cho YB, Shim H, Lee S. Development and Characterization of Phage-Display-Derived Novel Human Monoclonal Antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123274. [PMID: 36552031 PMCID: PMC9775448 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic crisis, caused by the life-threatening illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, the rapid development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to cope with COVID-19 is urgently necessary. In this study, we used phage display to develop four human mAbs specific to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Our intensive in vitro functional analyses demonstrated that K102.1, an anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific mAb, exerted potent neutralizing activity against pseudoviral and live viral infection and the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 RBD and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Monotherapy with K102.1 also revealed the therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo. Further, this study developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a non-competing mAb pair, K102.1 and K102.2, that accurately detected the RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants with high sensitivity in the picomolar range. These findings suggest that the phage-display-based mAb selection from an established antibody library may be an effective strategy for the rapid development of mAbs against the constantly evolving SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Min
- Research Center, SG Medical, Seoul 05548, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichul Lee
- Research Center, SG Medical, Seoul 05548, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Bin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbo Shim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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