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Huang H, Liu X, Wang J, Suo M, Zhang J, Sun T, Wang H, Liu C, Li Z. Strategies to improve the performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as orthopedic implants: from surface modification to addition of bioactive materials. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4533-4552. [PMID: 38477504 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), as a high-performance polymer, is widely used for bone defect repair due to its homogeneous modulus of elasticity of human bone, good biocompatibility, excellent chemical stability and projectability. However, the highly hydrophobic surface of PEEK is biologically inert, which makes it difficult for cells and proteins to attach, and is accompanied by the development of infections that ultimately lead to failure of PEEK implants. In order to further enhance the potential of PEEK as an orthopedic implant, researchers have explored modification methods such as surface modification by physical and chemical means and the addition of bioactive substances to PEEK-based materials to enhance the mechanical properties, osteogenic activity and antimicrobial properties of PEEK. However, these current modification methods still have obvious shortcomings in terms of cost, maneuverability, stability and cytotoxicity, which still need to be explored by researchers. This paper reviews some of the modification methods that have been used to improve the performance of PEEK over the last three years in anticipation of the need for researchers to design PEEK orthopedic implants that better meet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Moran Suo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Wang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Chengde Liu
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Gatto ML, Furlani M, Giuliani A, Cabibbo M, Bloise N, Fassina L, Petruczuk M, Visai L, Mengucci P. Combined Effects of HA Concentration and Unit Cell Geometry on the Biomechanical Behavior of PCL/HA Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications Produced by LPBF. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4950. [PMID: 37512225 PMCID: PMC10381722 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This experimental study aims at filling the gap in the literature concerning the combined effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) concentration and elementary unit cell geometry on the biomechanical performances of additively manufactured polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Scaffolds produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with diamond (DO) and rhombic dodecahedron (RD) elementary unit cells and HA concentrations of 5, 30 and 50 wt.% were subjected to structural, mechanical and biological characterization to investigate the biomechanical and degradative behavior from the perspective of bone tissue regeneration. Haralick's features describing surface pattern, correlation between micro- and macro-structural properties and human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) viability and proliferation have been considered. Experimental results showed that HA has negative influence on scaffold compaction under compression, while on the contrary it has a positive effect on hMSC adhesion. The unit cell geometry influences the mechanical response in the plastic regime and also has an effect on the cell proliferation. Finally, both HA concentration and elementary unit cell geometry affect the scaffold elastic deformation behavior as well as the amount of micro-porosity which, in turn, influences the scaffold degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Gatto
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcello Cabibbo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marlena Petruczuk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Mengucci
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, INSTM UdR of Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Shi H, Zhou K, Wang M, Wang N, Song Y, Xiong W, Guo S, Yi Z, Wang Q, Yang S. Integrating physicomechanical and biological strategies for BTE: biomaterials-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Theranostics 2023; 13:3245-3275. [PMID: 37351163 PMCID: PMC10283054 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects are a major global health concern. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is the most promising alternative to avoid the drawbacks of autograft and allograft bone. Nevertheless, how to precisely control stem cell osteogenic differentiation has been a long-standing puzzle. Compared with biochemical cues, physicomechanical stimuli have been widely studied for their biosafety and stability. The mechanical properties of various biomaterials (polymers, bioceramics, metal and alloys) become the main source of physicomechanical stimuli. By altering the stiffness, viscoelasticity, and topography of materials, mechanical stimuli with different strengths transmit into precise signals that mediate osteogenic differentiation. In addition, externally mechanical forces also play a critical role in promoting osteogenesis, such as compression stress, tensile stress, fluid shear stress and vibration, etc. When exposed to mechanical forces, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteogenic lineages by sensing mechanical stimuli through mechanical sensors, including integrin and focal adhesions (FAs), cytoskeleton, primary cilium, ions channels, gap junction, and activating osteogenic-related mechanotransduction pathways, such as yes associated proteins (YAP)/TAZ, MAPK, Rho-GTPases, Wnt/β-catenin, TGFβ superfamily, Notch signaling. This review summarizes various biomaterials that transmit mechanical signals, physicomechanical stimuli that directly regulate MSCs differentiation, and the mechanical transduction mechanisms of MSCs. This review provides a deep and broad understanding of mechanical transduction mechanisms and discusses the challenges that remained in clinical translocation as well as the outlook for the future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhou
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yiping Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhe Yi
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Safavi MS, Khalil-Allafi J, Visai L. Improved osteogenic activity of NiTi orthopedic implant by HAp-Nb 2O 5 composite coatings: Materials and biological points of view. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 150:213435. [PMID: 37098321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties of NiTi, as an interface between the synthetic implant and living tissue, play a vital role in guaranteeing implantation success, especially during the initial stage. This contribution endeavors to enhance the surface features of NiTi orthopedic implants through the application of HAp-based coatings, placing emphasis on assessing the influence of Nb2O5 particles concentration in the electrolyte on resultant properties of HAp-Nb2O5 composite electrodeposits. The coatings were electrodeposited via pulse current mode under galvanostatic current control from an electrolyte containing 0-1 g/L of Nb2O5 particles. Surface morphology, topography, and phase composition were evaluated using FESEM, AFM, and XRD, respectively. EDS was employed to study surface chemistry. In vitro biomineralization and osteogenic activity of the samples were studied by immersing the samples in SBF and incubating them with osteoblastic SAOS-2 cells, respectively. The added Nb2O5 particles, at the optimum concentration, stimulated biomineralization, suppressed the Ni ion leaching, and improved SAOS-2 cell adhesion and proliferation. NiTi implant coated by HAp-0.50 g/L Nb2O5 layer showed tremendous osteogenic properties. Overall, the HAp-Nb2O5 composite layers bring forth fascinating coating in vitro biological performance, reducing Ni leaching, and promoting osteogenic activity, which are fundamental for the successful use of NiTi in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Saman Safavi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Iran; Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jafar Khalil-Allafi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Iran.
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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TiO 2/HA and Titanate/HA Double-Layer Coatings on Ti6Al4V Surface and Their Influence on In Vitro Cell Growth and Osteogenic Potential. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040271. [PMID: 36547531 PMCID: PMC9787412 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) layers are appropriate biomaterials for use in the modification of the surface of implants produced inter alia from a Ti6Al4V alloy. The issue that must be solved is to provide implants with appropriate biointegration properties, enabling the permanent link between them and bone tissues, which is not so easy with the HA layer. Our proposition is the use of the intermediate layer ((IL) = TiO2, and titanate layers) to successfully link the HA coating to a metal substrate (Ti6Al4V). The morphology, structure, and chemical composition of Ti6Al4V/IL/HA systems were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). We evaluated the apatite-forming ability on the surface of the layer in simulated body fluid. We investigated the effects of the obtained systems on the viability and growth of human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, mouse L929 fibroblasts, and adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro, as well as on their osteogenic properties. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that both investigated systems reflect the physiological environment of bone tissue and create a biocompatible surface supporting cell growth. However, the nanoporous TiO2 intermediate layer with osteogenesis-supportive activity seems most promising for the practical application of Ti6Al4V/TiO2/HA as a system of bone tissue regeneration.
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Toledano-Osorio M, López-García S, Osorio R, Toledano M, García-Bernal D, Sánchez-Bautista S, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ. Dexamethasone and Doxycycline Doped Nanoparticles Increase the Differentiation Potential of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091865. [PMID: 36145613 PMCID: PMC9505251 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-resorbable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are proposed as an adjunctive treatment for bone regenerative strategies. The present in vitro investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of the different prototypes of bioactive NPs loaded with zinc (Zn-NPs), doxycycline (Dox-NPs) or dexamethasone (Dex-NPs) on the viability, morphology, migration, adhesion, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization potential of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMMSCs). Cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation were assessed using a resaruzin-based assay, cell cycle analysis, cell migration evaluation, cell cytoskeleton staining analysis, Alizarin Red S staining, and expression of the osteogenic-related genes by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were employed. The resazurin assay showed adequate cell viability considering all concentrations and types of NPs at 24, 48, and 72 h of culture. The cell cycle analysis revealed a regular cell cycle profile at 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL, whereas 100 µg/mL produced an arrest of cells in the S phase. Cells cultured with 0.1 and 1 µg/mL NP concentrations showed a similar migration capacity to the untreated group. After 21 days, mineralization was increased by all the NPs prototypes. Dox-NPs and Dex-NPs produced a generalized up-regulation of the osteogenic-related genes. Dex-NPs and Dox-NPs exhibited excellent osteogenic potential and promoted hBMMSC differentiation. Future investigations, both in vitro and in vivo, are required to confirm the suitability of these NPs for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública Programm, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-24-37-89
| | - Manuel Toledano
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Bautista
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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