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Zhao X, Li X, Miao Z. Identification and validation of regulatory T cell-associated gene signatures to predict colon adenocarcinoma prognosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112034. [PMID: 38588631 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common cause of cancer-related death. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and drug resistance, conventional treatments are difficult to be effective. Some studies have found that the functional recovery of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), plays an important role in the progression of cancer. This study used the TCGA data set, clinical information and RNA-seq data of COAD patients to construct a Tregs-related risk score (TRS) through methods such as WGCNA, single-factor Cox, multi-factor Cox and random survival forest (RSF). Moreover, we also used the TCGA test set and internal validation set to verify the predictive ability of TRS, and used functional enrichment analysis and somatic mutation analysis to mine genes related to TRS, such as like thrombin/trypsin receptor 2 (F2RL2), inhibin subunit beta B (INHBB) and melanoma antigen family A12 (MAGEA12). Moreover, this study confirmed the expression of these prognostic genes using scRNA-seq data. We also performed qPCR analysis of various genes in normal and cancerous colon cancer cell lines to verify that these genes indeed play a role in CODA patients. We also constructed a mouse CODA model to study and evaluate the impact of key genes such as MAGEA12 on tumor growth in mice. This study explores the important role of Treg cells in the prognosis of COAD and discovers some potential biomarkers for the occurrence and development of COAD, which provides some new ideas for the treatment of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Department of Nutritional, Tianjin Beichen Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhi Miao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China.
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Zhang X, Perry RJ. Metabolic underpinnings of cancer-related fatigue. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E290-E307. [PMID: 38294698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00378.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most prevalent and detrimental complications of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with CRF occurrence and severity in cancer patients and survivors. In this narrative review, we analyzed recent studies including both preclinical and clinical research on the relationship between obesity and/or insulin resistance and CRF. We also describe potential mechanisms for these relationships, though with the caveat that because the mechanisms underlying CRF are incompletely understood, the mechanisms mediating the association between obesity/insulin resistance and CRF are similarly incompletely delineated. The data suggest that, in addition to their effects to worsen CRF by directly promoting tumor growth and metastasis, obesity and insulin resistance may also contribute to CRF by inducing chronic inflammation, neuroendocrinological disturbance, and metabolic alterations. Furthermore, studies suggest that patients with obesity and insulin resistance experience more cancer-induced pain and are at more risk of emotional and behavioral disruptions correlated with CRF. However, other studies implied a potentially paradoxical impact of obesity and insulin resistance to reduce CRF symptoms. Despite the need for further investigation utilizing interventions to directly elucidate the mechanisms of cancer-related fatigue, current evidence demonstrates a correlation between obesity and/or insulin resistance and CRF, and suggests potential therapeutics for CRF by targeting obesity and/or obesity-related mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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Chen S, Wang X, Liu Z, Wang J, Guo Y, Wang Q, Huang H, Li Y, Yu C, Xu C. Olfactomedin 4 deletion exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through P62-dependent mitophagy in mice. Metabolism 2023; 148:155679. [PMID: 37611821 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is a glycoprotein that is related to obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanisms of OLFM4 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). APPROACH & RESULTS OLFM4 expression levels were significantly increased in liver samples from NAFLD patients and in cellular and mouse models of NAFLD. Cell lines deficient in or overexpressing OLFM4 and Olfm4-/- mice were established to study its role in NAFLD. OLFM4 deficiency significantly aggravated diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, while re-expression of OLFM4 ameliorated diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice. Mechanistically, OLFM4 deficiency disrupted mitochondrial structure and decreased mitophagy in hepatocytes, thereby aggravating hepatic lipogenesis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Moreover, OLFM4 directly interacted with P62, and OLFM4 deficiency decreased mitophagy in both cellular and mouse models of NAFLD through a P62-dependent mechanism. We also show that blocking the P62-ZZ-domain using XRK3F2 prevented diet-induced NAFLD in Olfm4-/- mice. CONCLUSION OLFM4 is significantly upregulated in NAFLD, and OLFM4 deletion exacerbates NAFLD through P62-dependent mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qinqiu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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López M, Fernández-Real JM, Tomarev SI. Obesity wars: may the smell be with you. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E569-E576. [PMID: 37166265 PMCID: PMC10259866 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Classically, the regulation of energy balance has been based on central and peripheral mechanisms sensing energy, nutrients, metabolites, and hormonal cues. Several cellular mechanisms at central level, such as hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), integrate this information to elicit counterregulatory responses that control feeding, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis, among other processes. Recent data have added more complexity to the homeostatic regulation of metabolism by introducing, for example, the key role of "traditional" senses and sensorial information in this complicated network. In this regard, current evidence is showing that olfaction plays a key and bidirectional role in energy homeostasis. Although nutritional status dynamically and profoundly impacts olfactory sensitivity, the sense of smell is involved in food appreciation and selection, as well as in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and substrate utilization, with some newly described actors, such as olfactomedin 2 (OLFM2), likely playing a major role. Thus, olfactory inputs are contributing to the regulation of both sides of the energy balance equation, namely, feeding and energy expenditure (EE), as well as whole body metabolism. Here, we will review the current knowledge and advances about the role of olfaction in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
- Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IDIBGI), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Stanislav I Tomarev
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Barrientos-Riosalido A, Bertran L, Vilaró-Blay M, Aguilar C, Martínez S, Paris M, Sabench F, Riesco D, Binetti J, Castillo DD, Richart C, Auguet T. The Role of Olfactomedin 2 in the Adipose Tissue–Liver Axis and Its Implication in Obesity-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065221. [PMID: 36982296 PMCID: PMC10049551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study’s objective was to assess the involvement of olfactomedin 2 (OLFM2), a secreted glycoprotein related to lipid metabolism regulation, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mediated by the adipose-tissue–liver axis. OLFM2 mRNA expression was analyzed in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue by RT–qPCR. The cohort included women with normal weight (n = 16) or morbid obesity (MO, n = 60) who were subclassified into normal liver (n = 20), simple steatosis (n = 21), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 19) groups. The results showed that OLFM2 expression in SAT was enhanced in MO individuals and in the presence of NAFLD. Specifically, OLFM2 expression in SAT was increased in mild and moderate degrees of steatosis in comparison to the absence of it. Moreover, OLFM2 expression in SAT was negatively correlated with interleukin-6 levels. On the other hand, OLFM2 expression in VAT decreased in the presence of NASH and exhibited a positive correlation with adiponectin levels. In conclusion, OLFM2 in SAT seems to be implicated in hepatic lipid accumulation. Additionally, since we previously suggested the possible implication of hepatic OLFM2 in NAFLD progression, now we propose a possible interaction between the liver and SAT, reinforcing the potential implication of this tissue in NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barrientos-Riosalido
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Bertran
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mercè Vilaró-Blay
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Paris
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - David Riesco
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jessica Binetti
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)—Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-29-58-33
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