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Yang M, Chen S, Geng J, Gao S, Chen S, Li H. Comprehensive analysis of the Spartina alterniflora WD40 gene family reveals the regulatory role of SaTTG1 in plant development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1390461. [PMID: 38863548 PMCID: PMC11165199 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1390461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The WD40 gene family, prevalent in eukaryotes, assumes diverse roles in cellular processes. Spartina alterniflora, a halophyte with exceptional salt tolerance, flood tolerance, reproduction, and diffusion ability, offers great potential for industrial applications and crop breeding analysis. The exploration of growth and development-related genes in this species offers immense potential for enhancing crop yield and environmental adaptability, particularly in industrialized plantations. However, the understanding of their role in regulating plant growth and development remains limited. Methods In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of WD40 genes in S. alterniflora at the whole-genome level, delving into their characteristics such as physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene architecture, and expression patterns. Additionally, we cloned the TTG1 gene, a gene in plant growth and development across diverse species. Results We identified a total of 582 WD40 proteins in the S. alterniflora genome, exhibiting an uneven distribution across chromosomes. Through phylogenetic analysis, we categorized the 582 SaWD40 proteins into 12 distinct clades. Examining the duplication patterns of SaWD40 genes, we observed a predominant role of segmental duplication in their expansion. A substantial proportion of SaWD40 gene duplication pairs underwent purifying selection through evolution. To explore the functional aspects, we selected SaTTG1, a homolog of Arabidopsis TTG1, for overexpression in Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the SaTTG1 protein localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane, exhibiting transcriptional activation in yeast cells. The overexpression of SaTTG1 in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering and increased seed size. Discussion These outcomes significantly contribute to our understanding of WD40 gene functions in halophyte species. The findings not only serve as a valuable foundation for further investigations into WD40 genes in halophyte but also offer insights into the molecular mechanisms governing plant development, offering potential avenues in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jiahui Geng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sanya, Hainan, China
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Thapa M, Liu L, Barkla BJ, Kretzschmar T, Rogiers SY, Rose TJ. Accumulation patterns of anthocyanin and γ-oryzanol during black rice grain development. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302745. [PMID: 38776277 PMCID: PMC11111080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigmented rice, especially black rice, is gaining popularity as it is rich in antioxidants such as anthocyanins and γ-oryzanol. At present, knowledge about temporal control of biosynthesis and accumulation of antioxidants during grain development is limited. To address this, the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins and γ-oryzanol were assessed in two distinct black rice genotypes over the course of grain development, and the expression of known regulatory genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis was examined. The results indicated that total γ-oryzanol content increased continuously throughout grain development, while total anthocyanins peaked at dough stage (15 to 21 days after flowering) followed by a decline until grain maturity in both genotypes. However, the rate of decrease in anthocyanin content differed between genotypes, and a more prominent decline in cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) relative to peonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G) was observed for both. Anthocyanin content was closely linked with the expression of key regulatory genes in the MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex. This improved knowledge of the genotype-specific biosynthesis (anthocyanins only) and accumulation patterns of anthocyanins and γ-oryzanol can inform subsequent research efforts to increase concentrations of these key antioxidants in black rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Thapa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzy Y. Rogiers
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terry J. Rose
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
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Meng L, Su H, Qu Z, Lu P, Tao J, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang W, Liu N, Cao P, Jin J. Genome-wide identification and analysis of WD40 proteins reveal that NtTTG1 enhances drought tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:133. [PMID: 38302866 PMCID: PMC10835901 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WD40 proteins, which are highly prevalent in eukaryotes, play important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, systematic identification and exploration of WD40 proteins in tobacco have not yet been conducted. RESULTS In this study, a total of 399 WD40 regulatory genes were identified in common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Gene structure and motif analysis revealed structural and functional diversity among different clades of tobacco WD40 regulatory genes. The expansion of tobacco WD40 regulatory genes was mainly driven by segmental duplication and purifying selection. A potential regulatory network of NtWD40s suggested that NtWD40s might be regulated by miRNAs and transcription factors in various biological processes. Expression pattern analysis via transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that many NtWD40s exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns and might be involved in various biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we have validated the critical role of NtTTG1, which was located in the nuclei of trichome cells, in enhancing the drought tolerance of tobacco plants. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides comprehensive information to better understand the evolution of WD40 regulatory genes and their roles in different stress responses in tobacco.
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Grants
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- CNTC: 110202101008(JY-08), 110202201001(JY-01), 110202202038 the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
- 232300420220 Natural Science Foundation of HeNan
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Meng
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Huan Su
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Zechao Qu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Peng Lu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Jiemeng Tao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - He Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Nan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Peijian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Jingjing Jin
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China.
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Chachar Z, Lai R, Ahmed N, Lingling M, Chachar S, Paker NP, Qi Y. Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1310634. [PMID: 38328707 PMCID: PMC10847539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant-based pigments that are primarily present in berries, grapes, purple yam, purple corn and black rice. The research on fruit corn with a high anthocyanin content is not sufficiently extensive. Considering its crucial role in nutrition and health it is vital to conduct further studies on how anthocyanin accumulates in fruit corn and to explore its potential for edible and medicinal purposes. Anthocyanin biosynthesis plays an important role in maize stems (corn). Several beneficial compounds, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their malonylated derivatives have been identified. C1, C2, Pl1, Pl2, Sh2, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 harbored functional alleles that played a role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in maize. The Sh2 gene in maize regulates sugar-to-starch conversion, thereby influencing kernel quality and nutritional content. ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 are key regulatory genes in maize that control light responses and photomorphogenesis. This review concludes the molecular identification of all the genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize by describing the cloning and characterization of these genes. Our study presents important new understandings of the molecular processes behind the manufacture of anthocyanins in maize, which will contribute to the development of genetically modified variants of the crop with increased color and possible health advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiQiang Lai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ma Lingling
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - YongWen Qi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Lin L, Liu Y, Mo Q, Zhang D, Li W, Xiong X, Yu X, Li Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of the bHLH Gene Family in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum: Identification, Classification, Evolution, and Diversity of Expression Patterns under Cultivation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3392. [PMID: 37836132 PMCID: PMC10574408 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is the second-largest transcription factor family in plants. Members of this family are involved in the processes of growth and development, secondary metabolic biosynthesis, signal transduction, and plant resistance. Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum is a critical woody plant with higher ornamental and economic values, which has been used as ornamental architecture and traditional Chinese herbal medicine plants. However, the bHLH transcription factors in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (L. chinense var. rubrum) have not yet been systematically demonstrated, and their role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin is still unclear. Here, we identified 165 potential LcbHLHs genes by using two methods, and they were unequally distributed on chromosomes 1 to 12 of the genome of L. chinense var. rubrum. Based on an evolutionary comparison with proteins from Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa, these bHLH proteins were categorized into 21 subfamilies. Most LcbHLHs in a particular subfamily had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The Gene Ontology annotation and Cis-elements predicted that LcbHLHs had many molecular functions and were involved in processes of plant growth, including the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different expression patterns among different tissues and cultivars of L. chinense var. rubrum. Many LcbHLHs were expressed in the leaves, and only a few genes were highly expressed in the flowers. Six LcbHLHs candidate genes were identified by bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis. Further Real-time quantitative PCR analysis and protein interaction network analysis showed that LcbHLH156, which is one of the candidate proteins belonging to the IIIf subfamily, could interact with proteins related to anthocyanin synthesis. Therefore, LcbHLH156 was transiently expressed in L. chinense var. rubrum to verify its function in regulating anthocyanin synthesis. Compared with the control group, red pigment accumulation appeared at the wound after injection, and the total anthocyanin content increased at the wound of leaves. These results lay a foundation for the research of the regulation mechanism of leaf colors in L. chinense var. rubrum and also provide a basis for the function of the LcbHLH family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ling Lin
- School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Qiong Mo
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Damao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weidong Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Comprehensive Utilization of Garden Flowers, Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.M.); (D.Z.)
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.M.); (D.Z.)
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528225, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Du H, Chen B, Wang G, Wang Q, Geng S, Zhang X. Fine mapping of the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper anthers and stems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232755. [PMID: 37575941 PMCID: PMC10416102 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) is one of the most important vegetables grown worldwide. Nevertheless, the key structural and regulatory genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in pepper have not been well understood or fine mapped yet. In this study, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 pepper populations were analyzed and these populations were derived from a cross between line 14-Z4, which has yellow anthers and green stems, and line 14-Z5, which has purple anthers and stems. The results showed that the yellow anthers and green stems were determined by a single recessive locus called to as ayw. While, using preliminary and fine mapping techniques, ayw locus was located between markers aywSNP120 and aywSNP124, with physical distance of 0.2 Mb. The CA11g18550 gene was identified as promising candidate for the ayw locus, as it co-segregated with the yellow anthers and green stems phenotypes. CA11g18550 encodes a homolog of the F3'5'H (flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase) anthocyanin synthesis structure gene. The missense mutation of CA11g18550 possibly resulted in a loss-of-function. The expression analysis showed that CA11g18550 was significantly expressed in the stems, leaves, anthers and petals in 14-Z5, and it's silencing caused the stems changing from purple to green. This study provides a theoretical basis for using yellow anthers and green stems in pepper breeding and helps to advance the understanding of anthocyanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heshan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sansheng Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cai T, Ge-Zhang S, Song M. Anthocyanins in metabolites of purple corn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154535. [PMID: 37089635 PMCID: PMC10118017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is a special variety of corn, rich in a large amount of anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals, and has always ranked high in the economic benefits of the corn industry. However, most studies on the stability of agronomic traits and the interaction between genotype and environment in cereal crops focus on yield. In order to further study the accumulation and stability of special anthocyanins in the growth process of purple corn, this review starts with the elucidation of anthocyanins in purple corn, the biosynthesis process and the gene regulation mechanism behind them, points out the influence of anthocyanin metabolism on anthocyanin metabolism, and introduces the influence of environmental factors on anthocyanin accumulation in detail, so as to promote the multi-field production of purple corn, encourage the development of color corn industry and provide new opportunities for corn breeders and growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyang Cai
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Mingbo Song
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Long F, Wu H, Li H, Zuo W, Ao Q. Genome-Wide Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors and Screening of MYBs Involved in the Red Color Formation in Rhododendron delavayi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054641. [PMID: 36902072 PMCID: PMC10037418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower color is one of the crucial traits of ornamental plants. Rhododendron delavayi Franch. is a famous ornamental plant species distributed in the mountain areas of Southwest China. This plant has red inflorescence and young branchlets. However, the molecular basis of the color formation of R. delavayi is unclear. In this study, 184 MYB genes were identified based on the released genome of R. delavayi. These genes included 78 1R-MYB, 101 R2R3-MYB, 4 3R-MYB, and 1 4R-MYB. The MYBs were divided into 35 subgroups using phylogenetic analysis of the MYBs of Arabidopsis thaliana. The members of the same subgroup in R. delavayi had similar conserved domains and motifs, gene structures, and promoter cis-acting elements, which indicate their relatively conserved function. In addition, transcriptome based on unique molecular identifier strategy and color difference of the spotted petals, unspotted petals, spotted throat, unspotted throat, and branchlet cortex were detected. Results showed significant differences in the expression levels of R2R3-MYB genes. Weighted co-expression network analysis between transcriptome and chromatic aberration values of five types of red samples showed that the MYBs were the most important TFs involved in the color formation, of which seven were R2R3-MYB, and three were 1R-MYB. Two R2R3-MYB (DUH019226.1 and DUH019400.1) had the highest connectivity in the whole regulation network, and they were identified as hub genes for red color formation. These two MYB hub genes provide references for the study of transcriptional regulation of the red color formation of R. delavayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Long
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hairong Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huie Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qian Ao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zuo ZF, Lee HY, Kang HG. Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors: Regulators for Plant Growth Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021419. [PMID: 36674933 PMCID: PMC9867082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are involved in many physiological processes, and they play important roles in the abiotic stress responses. The literature related to genome sequences has increased, with genome-wide studies on the bHLH transcription factors in plants. Researchers have detailed the functionally characterized bHLH transcription factors from different aspects in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, such as iron homeostasis and abiotic stresses; however, other important economic crops, such as rice, have not been summarized and highlighted. The bHLH members in the same subfamily have similar functions; therefore, unraveling their regulatory mechanisms will help us to identify and understand the roles of some of the unknown bHLH transcription factors in the same subfamily. In this review, we summarize the available knowledge on functionally characterized bHLH transcription factors according to four categories: plant growth and development; metabolism synthesis; plant signaling, and abiotic stress responses. We also highlight the roles of the bHLH transcription factors in some economic crops, especially in rice, and discuss future research directions for possible genetic applications in crop breeding.
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