1
|
Cheng L, Rui Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Su J, Yu XF. A glimpse into viral warfare: decoding the intriguing role of highly pathogenic coronavirus proteins in apoptosis regulation. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:70. [PMID: 39003473 PMCID: PMC11245872 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses employ various strategies for survival, among which the activation of endogenous or exogenous apoptosis stands out, with viral proteins playing a pivotal role. Notably, highly pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV exhibit a greater array of non-structural proteins compared to low-pathogenic strains, facilitating their ability to induce apoptosis via multiple pathways. Moreover, these viral proteins are adept at dampening host immune responses, thereby bolstering viral replication and persistence. This review delves into the intricate interplay between highly pathogenic coronaviruses and apoptosis, systematically elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning apoptosis induction by viral proteins. Furthermore, it explores the potential therapeutic avenues stemming from apoptosis inhibition as antiviral agents and the utilization of apoptosis-inducing viral proteins as therapeutic modalities. These insights not only shed light on viral pathogenesis but also offer novel perspectives for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Cheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yajuan Rui
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jiaming Su
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Demirden SF, Kimiz-Gebologlu I, Oncel SS. Animal Cell Lines as Expression Platforms in Viral Vaccine Production: A Post Covid-19 Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16904-16926. [PMID: 38645343 PMCID: PMC11025085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines are considered the most effective tools for preventing diseases. In this sense, with the Covid-19 pandemic, the effects of which continue all over the world, humanity has once again remembered the importance of the vaccine. Also, with the various epidemic outbreaks that occurred previously, the development processes of effective vaccines against these viral pathogens have accelerated. By these efforts, many different new vaccine platforms have been approved for commercial use and have been introduced to the commercial landscape. In addition, innovations have been made in the production processes carried out with conventionally produced vaccine types to create a rapid response to prevent potential epidemics or pandemics. In this situation, various cell lines are being positioned at the center of the production processes of these new generation viral vaccines as expression platforms. Therefore, since the main goal is to produce a fast, safe, and effective vaccine to prevent the disease, in addition to existing expression systems, different cell lines that have not been used in vaccine production until now have been included in commercial production for the first time. In this review, first current viral vaccine types in clinical use today are described. Then, the reason for using cell lines, which are the expression platforms used in the production of these viral vaccines, and the general production processes of cell culture-based viral vaccines are mentioned. Also, selection parameters for animal cell lines as expression platforms in vaccine production are explained by considering bioprocess efficiency and current regulations. Finally, all different cell lines used in cell culture-based viral vaccine production and their properties are summarized, with an emphasis on the current and future status of cell cultures in industrial viral vaccine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suphi S. Oncel
- Ege University, Bioengineering Department, Izmir, 35100, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun X, Wang J, Mou C, Shi K, Bao W, Chen Z. Knockout of IRF3 and IRF7 genes by CRISPR/Cas9 technology enhances porcine virus replication in the swine testicular (ST) cell line. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300389. [PMID: 38047496 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral vaccines for pig diseases are essential to prevent epidemic outbreaks. However, their production is often hindered by inefficient manufacturing processes that yield lower quantities of the vaccine. To accelerate the progress of various areas of bioproduction, we have considered the necessity of enhancing viral replication efficiency by optimizing ST (swine testicular) cell lines that are commonly utilized in virus manufacturing. CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology were utilized to create IRF3 or IRF7 knockout cell lines that facilitate high-titer viral stock production. Compared to the parental cell lines, the ST IRF3/7 KO cell line displayed a compromised antiviral response to a panel of viruses (Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Senecavirus A, Parainfluenza virus 5, and Getah virus), as evidenced by decreased expression of interferon and certain antiviral factors. The inhibition of these responses led to heightened viral replication and increased cytopathic effects, ultimately promoting apoptosis. As a result, the development of these cell lines offers a more efficient approach for biopharmaceutical companies to boost their virus production and reduce associated costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiamei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Genomic Mutations of the STAT5 Transcription Factor Are Associated with Human Cancer and Immune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911297. [PMID: 36232600 PMCID: PMC9569778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activation of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a key transcription factor that regulates various biological processes in mammalian development. Aberrant regulation of STAT5 has also been causally linked to many diseases, including cancers and immune-related diseases. Although persistent activation of STAT5 due to dysregulation of the signaling cascade has been reported to be associated with the progression of solid tumors and leukemia, various genomic mutations of STAT5 have also been found to cause a wide range of diseases. The present review comprehensively summarizes results of recent studies evaluating the intrinsic function of STAT5 and the link between STAT5 mutations and human diseases. This review also describes the types of disease models useful for investigating the mechanism underlying STAT5-driven disease progression. These findings provide basic knowledge for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of STAT5 and the progression of various diseases resulting from aberrant regulation of STAT5. Moreover, this review may provide insights needed to create optimal disease models that reflect human disease associated STAT5 mutations and to design gene therapies to correct STAT5 mutations.
Collapse
|