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Siqueira P, Rodrigues M, de Amorim Ĺ, Rodrigues J, Oliveira M, Fonseca A, Pires B, Mencalha A. The inhibitor of the redox activity of APE1/REF-1, APX2009, reduces the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13250. [PMID: 38808886 PMCID: PMC11136485 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/REF-1) is a multifunctional protein acting on cellular signaling pathways, including DNA repair and redox activities. APE1/REF-1 has emerged as a target for cancer therapy, and its role in breast cancer models would reveal new strategies for cancer therapy. APX2009 is a specific APE1/REF-1 redox inhibitor whose anticancer properties have not been described in breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of the APX2009 treatment in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Breast cancer cell lines were cultured, and WST1 and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD and LDH-Glo™ assays were performed to evaluate cell death. The wound healing assay and Matrigel transwell assay were performed after APX2009 treatment to evaluate the cellular migration and invasion processes, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that APX2009 treatment decreased breast cancer cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive properties. Furthermore, it induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Our study is the first to show the effects of APX2009 treatment on apoptosis in a breast cancer cell. Therefore, this study suggested that APX2009 treatment is a promising anticancer molecule for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.B. Siqueira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M.M.S. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - ĺ.S.S. de Amorim
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J.A. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M.S. Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A.S. Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - B.R.B. Pires
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A.L. Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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An SY, Jin SA, Seo HJ, Lee YR, Kim S, Jeon BH, Jeong JO. Protective effect of secretory APE1/Ref-1 on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via suppression of ROS and p53 pathway. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1182-1193. [PMID: 38286792 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX), a potent anthracycline anticancer drug that effectively treats various malignancies, is limited by its side effects, such as cardiomyopathy. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that can be secreted and is a promising target for the reduction of DOX-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the protective role of secretory APE1/Ref-1 against DOX-induced cardiac injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Designated adenoviral preprotrypsin-leading sequence APE1/Ref-1 (Ad-PPTLS-APE1/Ref-1) was used to overexpress secretory APE1/Ref-1 and assess its role in preventing DOX-induced cardiomyopathy in vitro. Our findings revealed that exposure to secretory APE1/Ref-1 significantly decreased N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in DOX-treated H9C2 cells. In addition, secretory APE1/Ref-1 reduced the severity of cardiomyocyte injury and apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models. The observed cardioprotective effects of secretory APE1/Ref-1 were mediated via inhibition of the p53 signalling pathway and enhancement of cell viability through attenuation of oxidative stress in DOX-treated cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that secretory APE1/Ref-1 has the potential to inhibit DOX-induced cardiac toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and p53 related apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that secretory APE1/Ref-1 supplementation is a promising strategy to attenuate DOX-induced cardiomyocyte damage in a preclinical model. Further clinical investigations are essential to validate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the intervention in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon An
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ah Jin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Seo
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Jeong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Liu L, Wu Q, Wang Z, Niu B, Jiao Y, An H. APE1 promotes embryonic stem cell proliferation and teratoma formation by regulating GDNF/GFRα1 axis. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100792. [PMID: 37523789 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The teratomas formation has severely hindered the application of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in clinical trials. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is strongly involved in the development of tumors and differentiation process of stem cells. However, the role of APE1 in teratomas remains unknown. The expression of APE1 was examined in mouse ESCs (mESCs) by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. The role and mechanism of APE1 in the proliferation, pluripotency and differentiation of E14 cells were determined by cell counting, flow cytometry and western blot assays. Besides, the role of APE1 in teratomas was also probed in xenografted mice. The expression of APE1 was upregulated in mESCs with differentiation. Knockdown of APE1 reduced the cell numbers, induced the arrest of the G2/M phase, and decreased the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in E14 cells. Besides, loss- and gain-of-function assays revealed that APE1 enhanced the levels of proteins involved in pluripotency, reduced the protein expression of ectoderm markers, and increased the protein levels of endoderm markers in E14 cells. Mechanically, inhibition of APE1 downregulated the expression of GDNF and GFRα1 in E14 cells. GDNF reversed the role of APE1 in the proliferation, pluripotency and embryogenesis of E14 cells. Moreover, suppression of APE1 reduced the teratoma volume and the relative protein expression of endoderm markers, but increased the relative protein expression of ectoderm markers in xenografted mice. Collectively, knockdown of APE1 attenuated proliferation, pluripotency and embryogenesis of mESCs via GDNF/GFRα1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Childern's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Heibei 050031, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050004, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Childern's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Heibei 050031, China
| | - Bobo Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Childern's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Heibei 050031, China
| | - Yaguang Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Childern's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Heibei 050031, China
| | - Huibo An
- Department of Pathology, Childern's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Heibei 050031, China.
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