1
|
Cai M, Li S, Cai K, Du X, Han J, Hu J. Empowering mitochondrial metabolism: Exploring L-lactate supplementation as a promising therapeutic approach for metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2024; 152:155787. [PMID: 38215964 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), affecting various cell types and organs. In MetS animal models, mitochondria exhibit decreased quality control, characterized by abnormal morphological structure, impaired metabolic activity, reduced energy production, disrupted signaling cascades, and oxidative stress. The aberrant changes in mitochondrial function exacerbate the progression of metabolic syndrome, setting in motion a pernicious cycle. From this perspective, reversing mitochondrial dysfunction is likely to become a novel and powerful approach for treating MetS. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective drugs available in clinical practice to improve mitochondrial function. Recently, L-lactate has garnered significant attention as a valuable metabolite due to its ability to regulate mitochondrial metabolic processes and function. It is highly likely that treating MetS and its related complications can be achieved by correcting mitochondrial homeostasis disorders. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the complex relationship between mitochondrial function and MetS and the involvement of L-lactate in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and associated signaling pathways. Furthermore, it highlights recent findings on the involvement of L-lactate in common pathologies of MetS and explores its potential clinical application and further prospects, thus providing new insights into treatment possibilities for MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, PR China; Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, PR China
| | - Keren Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, PR China
| | - Xinlin Du
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, PR China
| | - Jia Han
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, PR China.
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mudgal P, Pareek J, Paliwal S. Biodistribution of Intravenously Transplanted Mitochondria Conjugated with Graphene Quantum Dots in Diabetic Rats. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03480-0. [PMID: 37897517 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria transplantation has emerged as a successful therapeutic modality to treat several degenerative diseases. However, the biodistribution of transplanted mitochondria has not been well studied. We investigated the ex-vivo systemic biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of intravenously transplanted graphene quantum dots (GQDs) conjugated to isolated mitochondria (Mt-GQDs) in diabetic rat tissues. The results revealed that Mt-GQDs facilitate the tracking of transplanted mitochondria without affecting their therapeutic efficacy. It is compelling to note that Mt-GQDs and isolated mitochondria show comparable therapeutic efficacies in decreasing blood glucose levels, oxidative stress, inflammatory gene expressions, and restoration of different mitochondrial functions in pancreatic tissues of diabetic rats. In addition, histological section examination under a fluorescence microscope demonstrated the localization of Mt-GQDs in multiple tissues of diabetic rats. In conclusion, this study indicates that Mt-GQDs provide an effective mitochondrial transplantation tracking modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mudgal
- Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jyotsna Pareek
- Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swati Paliwal
- Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sahadevan R, Binoy A, Shajan I, Sadhukhan S. Mitochondria-targeting EGCG derivatives protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H 2O 2-induced apoptosis: design, synthesis and biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29477-29488. [PMID: 37818277 PMCID: PMC10561634 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologies related to cardiovascular diseases mostly emerge as a result of oxidative stress buildup in cardiomyocytes. The heavy load of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in cardiac tissues corresponds to a surge in oxidative stress leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular apoptosis. Thus, scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked to mitochondria can significantly improve cardio-protection. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol found in green tea has been extensively studied for its profound health-beneficial activities. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of mitochondrial-targeting EGCG derivatives, namely MitoEGCGn (n = 4, 6, 8) by incorporating triphenylphosphonium ion onto it using different linkers. MitoEGCGn were found to be non-toxic to H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cells even at higher doses in comparison to its parent molecule EGCG. Interestingly, MitoEGCG4 and MitoEGCG6 protected the H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells from the oxidative damage induced by H2O2 whereas EGCG was found to be toxic and ineffective in protecting the cells from H2O2 damage. MitoEGCG4 and MitoEGCG6 also protected the cells from the H2O2-induced disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as activation of apoptosis as revealed by pro-caspase 3 expression profile, DNA fragmentation assay, and AO/EtBr staining. Taken together, our study shows that the mitochondria targeting EGCG derivatives were able to effectively combat the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. They eventually augmented the mitochondrial health of cardiomyocytes by maintaining the mitochondrial function and attenuating apoptosis. Overall, MitoEGCG4 and MitoEGCG6 could provision a cardioprotective role to H9c2 cardiomyocytes at the time of oxidative insults related to mitochondrial dysfunction-associated injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India
| | - Anupama Binoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India
| | - Irene Shajan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India
- Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Braczko A, Harasim G, Kawecka A, Walczak I, Kapusta M, Narajczyk M, Stawarska K, Smoleński RT, Kutryb-Zając B. Blocking cholesterol formation and turnover improves cellular and mitochondria function in murine heart microvascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1216267. [PMID: 37745244 PMCID: PMC10512729 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1216267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are cornerstones of therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease, acting by lowering lipid concentrations and only partially identified pleiotropic effects. This study aimed to analyze impacts of atorvastatin and synthetic peptide PCSK9i on bioenergetics and function of microvascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Methods: Mitochondrial function and abundance as well as intracellular nucleotides, membrane potential, cytoskeleton structure, and cell proliferation rate were evaluated in mouse heart microvascular endothelial cells (H5V) and cardiomyocytes (HL-1) under normal and hypoxia-mimicking conditions (CoCl2 exposure). Results: In normal conditions PCSK9i, unlike atorvastatin, enhanced mitochondrial respiratory parameters, increased nucleotide levels, prevented actin cytoskeleton disturbances and stimulated endothelial cell proliferation. Under hypoxia-mimicking conditions both atorvastatin and PCSK9i improved the mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential in both cell types. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both treatments benefited the endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte bioenergetics, but the effects of PCSK9i were superior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Gabriela Harasim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ada Kawecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Iga Walczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Klaudia Stawarska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zabielska-Kaczorowska MA, Braczko A, Pelikant-Malecka I, Slominska EM, Smolenski RT. Hidden Pool of Cardiac Adenine Nucleotides That Controls Adenosine Production. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040599. [PMID: 37111356 PMCID: PMC10142527 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemic adenosine production decreases in subsequent events that may blunt its protective functions. To test the relation between total or mitochondrial cardiac adenine nucleotide pool (TAN) on the energy status with adenosine production, Langendorff perfused rat hearts were subjected to three protocols: 1 min ischemia at 40 min, 10 min ischemia at 50 min, and 1 min ischemia at 85 min in Group I; additional infusion of adenosine (30 µM) for 15 min after 10 min ischemia in Group I-Ado, and 1 min ischemia at 40 and 85 min in the controls (Group No I). A 31P NMR and an HPLC were used for the analysis of nucleotide and catabolite concentrations in the heart and coronary effluent. Cardiac adenosine production in Group I measured after 1 min ischemia at 85 min decreased to less than 15% of that at 40 min in Group I, accompanied by a decrease in cardiac ATP and TAN to 65% of the initial results. Adenosine production at 85 min was restored to 45% of that at 40 min in Group I-Ado, accompanied by a rebound of ATP and TAN by 10% vs. Group I. Mitochondrial TAN and free AMP concentrations paralleled that of total cardiac TAN. Changes in energy equilibrium or mitochondrial function were minor. This study highlights that only a fraction of the cardiac adenine nucleotide pool is available for adenosine production, but further studies are necessary to clarify its nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Zabielska-Kaczorowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College at Harefield Hospital, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
| |
Collapse
|