1
|
Yan K, Zhang W, Song H, Xu X. Sphingolipid metabolism and regulated cell death in malignant melanoma. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-02002-y. [PMID: 39068623 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-02002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly invasive and therapeutically resistant skin malignancy, posing a significant clinical challenge in its treatment. Programmed cell death plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of MM. Sphingolipids (SP), as a class of bioactive lipids, may be associated with many kinds of diseases. SPs regulate various forms of programmed cell death in tumors, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and more. This review will delve into the mechanisms by which different types of SPs modulate various forms of programmed cell death in MM, such as their regulation of cell membrane permeability and signaling pathways, and how they influence the survival and death fate of MM cells. An in-depth exploration of the role of SPs in programmed cell death in MM aids in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of melanoma development and holds significant importance in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yan
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Song
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiulian Xu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Attal ZG, Shalata W, Soklakova A, Tourkey L, Shalata S, Abu Saleh O, Abu Salamah F, Alatawneh I, Yakobson A. Advanced and Metastatic Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Treatment Options. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1448. [PMID: 39062023 PMCID: PMC11274597 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) form the majority of skin cancers, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) being the most common and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) being second. Prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure, aging, male gender, and immunosuppression represent most of the causes of this category of diseases. BCCs and cSCCs both include different types of skin cancers, such as nodular or morpheaform BCC or flat cSCC. Locally advanced and metastatic NMSCs cannot be treated surgically; thus, systemic therapy (TKI and Immunotherapy) is needed. Interestingly, NMSCs are frequently linked to abnormal Hedgehog (HH) signaling which most systemic immunotherapies for these cancers are based upon. Of note, the first line therapies of BCC, sonidegib and vismodegib, are HH inhibitors. Programmed death receptor 1 antibody (PD-1) inhibitors such as cemiplimab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab have been approved for the treatment of cSCC. Thus, this paper reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, and treatment options for both BCC and cSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Gabrielle Attal
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Walid Shalata
- The Legacy Heritage Center, Dr Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Arina Soklakova
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Lena Tourkey
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sondos Shalata
- Nutrition Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22000, Israel
| | - Omar Abu Saleh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Emek Medical Centre, Afula 18341, Israel
| | - Fahed Abu Salamah
- Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Alatawneh
- Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alexander Yakobson
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shalata W, Attal ZG, Solomon A, Shalata S, Abu Saleh O, Tourkey L, Abu Salamah F, Alatawneh I, Yakobson A. Melanoma Management: Exploring Staging, Prognosis, and Treatment Innovations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5794. [PMID: 38891988 PMCID: PMC11171767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from melanocytes, stands as one of the most prevalent cancers globally, ranking fifth in terms of estimated new cases in recent years. Its aggressive nature and propensity for metastasis pose significant challenges in oncology. Recent advancements have led to a notable shift towards targeted therapies, driven by a deeper understanding of cutaneous tumor pathogenesis. Immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have emerged as promising strategies, demonstrating the potential to improve clinical outcomes across all disease stages, including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings. Notably, there has been a groundbreaking development in the treatment of brain metastasis, historically associated with poor prognosis in oncology but showcasing impressive results in melanoma patients. This review article provides a comprehensive synthesis of the most recent knowledge on staging and prognostic factors while highlighting emerging therapeutic modalities, with a particular focus on neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies, notably immunotherapy and targeted therapies, including the ongoing trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Shalata
- The Legacy Heritage Cancer Center and Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zoe Gabrielle Attal
- Medical School for International Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Adam Solomon
- Medical School for International Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sondos Shalata
- Nutrition Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22000, Israel
| | - Omar Abu Saleh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Emek Medical Centre, Afula 18341, Israel
| | - Lena Tourkey
- The Legacy Heritage Cancer Center and Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Fahed Abu Salamah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Alatawneh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Dermatology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alexander Yakobson
- The Legacy Heritage Cancer Center and Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zanrè V, Bellinato F, Cardile A, Passarini C, Monticelli J, Di Bella S, Menegazzi M. Lamivudine, Doravirine, and Cabotegravir Downregulate the Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), Inhibit Cell Growth, and Reduce Invasive Capability in Melanoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1615. [PMID: 38338893 PMCID: PMC10855363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of antiretroviral administration on the expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), cell growth, and invasive capability of human melanoma cell lines in culture. We investigated three antiretrovirals-lamivudine, doravirine, and cabotegravir-in A375, FO-1, and SK-Mel-28, BRAF-mutated, and in MeWo, P53-mutated, melanoma cell lines. The findings indicate a general capability of these drugs to downregulate the expression of HERV-K Pol and Env genes and hinder cell viability, mobility, and colony formation capacity of melanoma cells. The antiretroviral drugs also demonstrate selectivity against malignant cells, sparing normal human epithelial melanocytes. The study reveals that the integrase inhibitor cabotegravir is particularly effective in inhibiting cell growth and invasion across different cell lines in comparison with lamivudine and doravirine, which are inhibitors of the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme. The investigation further delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects, highlighting the potential induction of ferroptosis, apoptosis, and alterations in cell cycle regulatory proteins. Our findings showed cytostatic effects principally revealed in A375, and SK-Mel-28 cell lines through a downregulation of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and/or cyclin D1 expression. Signs of ferroptosis were detected in both A375 cells and FO-1 cells by a decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferritin expression, as well as by an increase in transferrin protein levels. Apoptosis was also detected in FO-1 and SK-Mel-28, but only with cabotegravir treatment. Moreover, we explored the expression and activity of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Both the STING activity and PD-L1 expression were decreased, suggesting that the antiretroviral treatments may counteract the detrimental effects of PD-L1 expression activation through the STING/interferon pathway triggered by HERV-K. Finally, this study underscores the potential therapeutic significance of cabotegravir in melanoma treatment. The findings also raise the prospect of using antiretroviral drugs to downregulate PD-L1 expression, potentially enhancing the therapeutic responses of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Zanrè
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesco Bellinato
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Alessia Cardile
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlotta Passarini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Jacopo Monticelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Piazza dell’Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kozyra P, Pitucha M. Revisiting the Role of B-RAF Kinase as a Therapeutic Target in Melanoma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2003-2020. [PMID: 37855341 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673258495231011065225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the rarest but most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. Melanoma is the result of a malignant transformation of melanocytes, which leads to their uncontrolled proliferation. Mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which are crucial for the control of cellular processes, such as apoptosis, division, growth, differentiation, and migration, are one of its most common causes. BRAF kinase, as one of the known targets of this pathway, has been known for many years as a prominent molecular target in melanoma therapy, and the following mini-review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding its structure, mutations and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PL, 20093, Poland
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PL-20093, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Surman M, Jankowska U, Wilczak M, Przybyło M. Similarities and Differences in the Protein Composition of Cutaneous Melanoma Cells and Their Exosomes Identified by Mass Spectrometry. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041097. [PMID: 36831440 PMCID: PMC9954195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular transport of proteins mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs)-exosomes and ectosomes-is one of the factors facilitating carcinogenesis. Therefore, the research on protein cargo of melanoma-derived EVs may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in melanoma progression and contribute to the development of alternative biomarkers. Proteomic data on melanoma-derived EVs are very limited. The shotgun nanoLC-MS/MS approach was applied to analyze the protein composition of primary (WM115, WM793) and metastatic (WM266-4, WM1205Lu) cutaneous melanoma cells and exosomes released by them. All cells secreted homogeneous populations of exosomes that shared a characteristic set of proteins. In total, 3514 and 1234 unique proteins were identified in melanoma cells and exosomes, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment in several cancer-related categories, including cell proliferation, migration, negative regulation of apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The obtained results broaden our knowledge on the role of selected proteins in exosome biology, as well as their functional role in the development and progression of cutaneous melanoma. The results may also inspire future studies on the clinical potential of exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wilczak
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-664-6462
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardile A, Zanrè V, Campagnari R, Asson F, Addo SS, Orlandi E, Menegazzi M. Hyperforin Elicits Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Activity in Human Melanoma Cell Lines, Inhibiting Pro-Survival NF-κB, STAT3, AP1 Transcription Factors and the Expression of Functional Proteins Involved in Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021263. [PMID: 36674794 PMCID: PMC9860844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperforin (HPF), the main component responsible for the antidepressant action of Hypericum perforatum, displays additional beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobic, and antitumor activities. Among its antitumor effects, HPF activity on melanoma is poorly documented. Melanoma, especially BRAF-mutated melanoma, is still a high-mortality tumor type and the currently available therapies do not provide solutions. We investigated HPF's antimelanoma effectiveness in A375, FO1 and SK-Mel-28 human BRAF-mutated cell lines. Cell viability assays documented that all melanoma cells were affected by low HPF concentrations (EC50% 2-4 µM) in a time-dependent manner. A Br-deoxy-uridine incorporation assay attested a significant reduction of cell proliferation accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin D1 and A2, CDK4 and of the Rb protein phosphorylation, as assessed by immunoblots. In addition, the expression of P21/waf1 and the activated form of P53 were increased in A375 and SK-Mel-28 cells. Furthermore, HPF exerts cytotoxic effects. Apoptosis is induced 24 h after HPF administration, documented by an increase of cleaved-PARP1 and a decrease of both Bcl2 and Bcl-xL expression levels. Autophagy is induced, attested by an augmented LC3B expression and augmentation of the activated form of AMPK. Moreover, HPF lowers GPX4 enzyme expression, suggesting ferroptosis induction. HPF has been reported to activate the TRPC6 Ca++ channel and/or Ca++ and Zn++ release from mitochondria stores, increasing cytosolic Ca++ and Zn++ concentrations. Our data highlighted that HPF affects many cell-signaling pathways, including signaling induced by Ca++, such as FRA1, pcJun and pCREB, the expression or activity of which are increased shortly after treatment. However, the blockage of the TRPC6 Ca++ channel or the use of Ca++ and Zn++ chelators do not hinder HPF cytostatic/cytotoxic activity, suggesting that damages induced in melanoma cells may pass through other pathways. Remarkably, 24 h after HPF treatment, the expression of activated forms of the transcription factors NF-κB P65 subunit and STAT3 are significantly lowered. Several cytosolic (PGM2, LDHA and pPKM2) and mitochondrial (UQCRC1, COX4 and ATP5B) enzymes are downregulated by HPF treatment, suggesting a generalized reduction of vital functions in melanoma cells. In line with these results is the recognized ability of HPF to affect mitochondrial membrane potential by acting as a protonophore. Finally, HPF can hinder both melanoma cell migration and colony formation in soft agar. In conclusion, we provide evidence of the pleiotropic antitumor effects induced by HPF in melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cardile
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Zanrè
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Rachele Campagnari
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Asson
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Solomon Saforo Addo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Orlandi
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|