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Li S, Qin J, Zhao Y, Wang J, Huang S, Yu X. Tubular insulin-induced gene 1 deficiency promotes NAD + consumption and exacerbates kidney fibrosis. EMBO Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s44321-024-00081-7. [PMID: 38806641 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Profibrotic proximal tubules (PT) were identified as a unique phenotype of proximal tubule cells (PTCs) in renal fibrosis by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Controlling the process of renal fibrosis requires understanding how to manage the S1 subset's branch to the S3 subset rather than to the profibrotic PT subset. Insulin-induced gene 1 (Insig1) is one of the branch-dependent genes involved in controlling this process, although its role in renal fibrosis is unknown. Here, we discovered that tubular Insig1 deficiency, rather than fibroblast Insig1 deficiency, plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of Insig1 profoundly inhibited renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, Insig1 deletion in PTCs boosted SREBP1 nuclear localization, increasing Aldh1a1 transcriptional activity, causing excessive NAD+ consumption and ER enlargement, as well as accelerating renal fibrosis. We also identified nicardipine as a selective inhibitor of Aldh1a1, which could restore NAD+ and maintain ER homeostasis, as well as improve renal fibrosis. Together, our findings support tubular Insig1 as a new therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Li
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, 224005, Yancheng, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China.
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China.
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210008, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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Saleh TA, Whitson JA, Keiser P, Prasad P, Jenkins BC, Sodeinde T, Mann C, Rabinovitch PS, McReynolds MR, Sweetwyne MT. Metabolite accumulation from oral NMN supplementation drives aging-specific kidney inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588624. [PMID: 38645109 PMCID: PMC11030441 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial-rich renal tubule cells are key regulators of blood homeostasis via excretion and reabsorption of metabolic waste. With age, tubules are subject to increasing mitochondrial dysfunction and declining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, both hampering ATP production efficiency. We tested two mitochondrial interventions in young (6-mo) and aged (26-mo) adult male mice: elamipretide (ELAM), a tetrapeptide in clinical trials that improves mitochondrial structure and function, and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an NAD+ intermediate and commercially available oral supplement. Kidneys were analyzed from young and aged mice after eight weeks of treatment with ELAM (3 mg/kg/day), NMN (300 mg/kg/day), or from aged mice treated with the two interventions combined (ELAM+NMN). We hypothesized that combining pharmacologic treatments to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and boost NAD+ levels, would more effectively reduce kidney aging than either intervention alone. Unexpectedly, in aged kidneys, NMN increased expression of genetic markers of inflammation (IL-1-beta; and Ccl2) and tubule injury (Kim-1). Metabolomics of endpoint sera showed that NMN-treated aged mice had higher circulating levels of uremic toxins than either aged controls or young NMN-treated mice. ELAM+NMN-treated aged mice accumulated uremic toxins like NMN-only aged mice, but reduced IL-1-beta; and Ccl2 kidney mRNA. This suggests that pre-existing mitochondrial dysfunction in aged kidney underlies susceptibility to inflammatory signaling with NMN supplementation in aged, but not young, mice. These findings demonstrate age and tissue dependent effects on downstream metabolic accumulation from NMN and highlight the need for targeted analysis of aged kidneys to assess the safety of anti-aging supplements in older populations.
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Hurtado K, Scholpa NE, Schnellmann JG, Schnellmann RG. Serotonin regulation of mitochondria in kidney diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107154. [PMID: 38521286 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Serotonin, while conventionally recognized as a neurotransmitter in the CNS, has recently gained attention for its role in the kidney. Specifically, serotonin is not only synthesized in the kidney, but it also regulates glomerular function, vascular resistance, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Because of serotonin's importance to mitochondrial health, this review is focused on the role of serotonin and its receptors in mitochondrial function in the context of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic kidney disease, all of which are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and none of which has approved pharmacological treatments. Evidence indicates that activation of certain serotonin receptors can stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) and restore mitochondrial homeostasis, resulting in improved renal function. Serotonin receptor agonists that induce MB are therefore of interest as potential therapeutic strategies for renal injury and disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human renal diseases such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic kidney disease, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, none of these pathologies has an FDA-approved pharmacological intervention, underscoring the urgency of identifying new therapeutics for such disorders. Studies show that induction of mitochondrial biogenesis via serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors reduces kidney injury markers, restores mitochondrial and renal function after kidney injury, and decreases mortality, suggesting that targeting 5-HT receptors may be a promising therapeutic avenue for mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. While numerous reviews describe the importance of mitochondria and mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in kidney disease, the relevance of 5-HT receptor-mediated mitochondrial metabolic modulation in the kidney has yet to be thoroughly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hurtado
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Natalie E Scholpa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Southern VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Southwest Environmental Health Science Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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4
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Jones BA, Gisch DL, Myakala K, Sadiq A, Cheng YH, Taranenko E, Panov J, Korolowicz K, Wang X, Rosenberg AZ, Jain S, Eadon MT, Levi M. Nicotinamide riboside activates renal metabolism and protects the kidney in a model of Alport syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.580911. [PMID: 38464264 PMCID: PMC10925224 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.580911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with renal metabolic disturbances, including impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is a small molecule that participates in hundreds of metabolism-related reactions. NAD + levels are decreased in CKD, and NAD + supplementation is protective. However, both the mechanism of how NAD + supplementation protects from CKD, as well as the cell types most responsible, are poorly understood. Using a mouse model of Alport syndrome, we show that nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD + precursor, stimulates renal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling and restores FAO in the proximal tubules, thereby protecting from CKD in both sexes. Bulk RNA-sequencing shows that renal metabolic pathways are impaired in Alport mice and dramatically activated by NR in both sexes. These transcriptional changes are confirmed by orthogonal imaging techniques and biochemical assays. Single nuclei RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, both the first of their kind from Alport mice, show that NAD + supplementation restores FAO in the proximal tubules with minimal effects on the podocytes. Finally, we also report, for the first time, sex differences at the transcriptional level in this Alport model. Male Alport mice had more severe inflammation and fibrosis than female mice at the transcriptional level. In summary, the data herein identify both the protective mechanism and location of NAD + supplementation in this model of CKD.
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Jin Q, Ma F, Liu T, Yang L, Mao H, Wang Y, Peng L, Li P, Zhan Y. Sirtuins in kidney diseases: potential mechanism and therapeutic targets. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:114. [PMID: 38347622 PMCID: PMC10860260 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, which are NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases, are involved in various biological processes, including DNA damage repair, immune inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Sirtuins are essential regulators of cellular function and organismal health. Increasing evidence suggests that the development of age-related diseases, including kidney diseases, is associated with aberrant expression of sirtuins, and that regulation of sirtuins expression and activity can effectively improve kidney function and delay the progression of kidney disease. In this review, we summarise current studies highlighting the role of sirtuins in renal diseases. First, we discuss sirtuin family members and their main mechanisms of action. We then outline the possible roles of sirtuins in various cell types in kidney diseases. Finally, we summarise the compounds that activate or inhibit sirtuin activity and that consequently ameliorate renal diseases. In conclusion, targeted modulation of sirtuins is a potential therapeutic strategy for kidney diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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6
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Fang YP, Zhao Y, Huang JY, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhang XL. The functional role of cellular senescence during vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1330942. [PMID: 38318291 PMCID: PMC10839002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1330942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) has emerged as a key predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years, an expanding body of research has put forth the concept of accelerated vascular aging among CKD patients, highlighting the significance of vascular cells senescence in the process of VC. Within the milieu of uremia, senescent vascular endothelial cells (VECs) release extracellular microvesicles (MV) that promote vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) senescence, thereby triggering the subsequent osteogenic phenotypic switch and ultimately contributing to the VC process. In addition, senescent vascular progenitor or stem cells with diminished ability to differentiate into VECs and VSMCS, compromise the repair of vascular integrity, on the other hand, release a cascade of molecules associated with senescence, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), perpetuating the senescence phenomenon. Furthermore, SASP triggers the recruitment of monocytes and macrophages, as well as adjacent VECs and VSMCs into a pro-adhesive and pro-inflammatory senescent state. This pro-inflammatory microenvironment niche not only impacts the functionality of immune cells but also influences the differentiation of myeloid immune cells, thereby amplifying the reduced ability to effectively clear senescent cells of senescent macrophages, promoted calcification of VSMCs. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the contribution of vascular cell senescence to the emergence and advancement of VC. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of cellular senescence within the vessel wall is pivotal, especially when it comes to its intersection with VC. This knowledge is essential for advancing groundbreaking anti-aging therapies, aiming to effectively mitigate cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Fang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Saqr AHA, Kamali C, Brunnbauer P, Haep N, Koch P, Hillebrandt KH, Keshi E, Moosburner S, Mohr R, Raschzok N, Pratschke J, Krenzien F. Optimized protocol for quantification of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: evaluating clinical parameters and pre-analytical factors for translational research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1278641. [PMID: 38259852 PMCID: PMC10800990 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1278641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme for more than 500 enzymes, plays a central role in energy production, metabolism, cellular signaling, and DNA repair. Until recently, NAD+ was primarily considered to be an intracellular molecule (iNAD+), however, its extracellular species (eNAD+) has recently been discovered and has since been associated with a multitude of pathological conditions. Therefore, accurate quantification of eNAD+ in bodily fluids such as plasma is paramount to answer important research questions. In order to create a clinically meaningful and reliable quantitation method, we analyzed the relationship of cell lysis, routine clinical laboratory parameters, blood collection techniques, and pre-analytical processing steps with measured plasma eNAD+ concentrations. Initially, NAD+ levels were assessed both intracellularly and extracellularly. Intriguingly, the concentration of eNAD+ in plasma was found to be approximately 500 times lower than iNAD+ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (0.253 ± 0.02 μM vs. 131.8 ± 27.4 μM, p = 0.007, respectively). This stark contrast suggests that cellular damage or cell lysis could potentially affect the levels of eNAD+ in plasma. However, systemic lactate dehydrogenase in patient plasma, a marker of cell damage, did not significantly correlate with eNAD+ (n = 33; r = -0.397; p = 0.102). Furthermore, eNAD+ was negatively correlated with increasing c-reactive protein (CRP, n = 33; r = -0.451; p = 0.020), while eNAD+ was positively correlated with increasing hemoglobin (n = 33; r = 0.482; p = 0.005). Next, variations in blood drawing, sample handling and pre-analytical processes were examined. Sample storage durations at 4°C (0-120 min), temperature (0° to 25°C), cannula sizes for blood collection and tourniquet times (0 - 120 s) had no statistically significant effect on eNAD+ (p > 0.05). On the other hand, prolonged centrifugation (> 5 min) and a faster braking mode of the centrifuge rotor (< 4 min) resulted in a significant decrease in eNAD+ levels (p < 0.05). Taken together, CRP and hemoglobin appeared to be mildly correlated with eNAD+ levels whereas cell damage was not correlated significantly to eNAD+ levels. The blood drawing trial did not show any influence on eNAD+, in contrast, the preanalytical steps need to be standardized for accurate eNAD+ measurement. This work paves the way towards robust eNAD+ measurements, for use in future clinical and translational research, and provides an optimized hands-on protocol for reliable eNAD+ quantification in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hussein Ahmed Saqr
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Can Kamali
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Brunnbauer
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Haep
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Koch
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eriselda Keshi
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Moosburner
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Gao L, Huang X, Deng R, Wu S, Peng Y, Xiong G, Lu J, Liu X. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula alleviates renal fibrosis by restoring NAD+ biosynthesis in vivo and in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 16:106-128. [PMID: 38157259 PMCID: PMC10817388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) lack efficacious treatment. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in treating CKD for decades. However, its renoprotective mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether JPYSF could delay renal fibrosis progression in CKD by restoring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. METHODS Adenine-diet feeding was used to model CKD in C57BL/6 mice. JPYSF was orally administered for 4 weeks. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) with or without JPYSF treatment. Renal function of mice was assessed by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Renal histopathological changes were assessed using Periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome staining. Cell viability was assessed using a cell counting kit-8 assay. NAD+ concentrations were detected by a NAD+/NADH assay kit. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were employed to examine fibrosis-related proteins and key NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes expression in the CKD kidney and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. RESULTS JPYSF treatment could not only improve renal function and pathological injury but also inhibit renal fibrosis in CKD mice. Additionally, JPYSF reversed fibrotic response in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. Moreover, JPYSF rescued the decreased NAD+ content in CKD mice and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells through restoring expression of key enzymes in NAD+ biosynthesis, including quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1, and nicotinamide riboside kinase 1. CONCLUSIONS JPYSF alleviated renal fibrosis in CKD mice and reversed fibrotic response in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells, which may be related to the restoration of NAD+ biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Ruyu Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Guoliang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
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Liu X, Gao L, Huang X, Deng R, Wu S, Peng Y, Lu J. Huangqi-Danshen decoction protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1236820. [PMID: 38034992 PMCID: PMC10687478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1236820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cisplatin remains a major impediment to the clinical application of cisplatin, necessitating urgent exploration for promising solutions. Huangqi-Danshen decoction (HDD), a Chinese herbal preparation, has been shown by our group to have a reno-protective effect in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease mice and diabetic db/db mice. However, the effect of HDD on cisplatin-induced AKI and its underlying mechanisms are unknown. Methods: The AKI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg) in C57BL/6 mice. The mice in the treatment group were administrated with HDD (6.8 g/kg/d) for 5 consecutive days before cisplatin challenge. After 72 h cisplatin injection, blood and kidney tissue were subsequently collected for biochemical detection, histopathological evaluation, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to detect changes in renal metabolites. Results: The results showed that HDD significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels and alleviated renal histopathological injury in cisplatin-induced AKI mice. And HDD treatment demonstrated a significant inhibition in apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in AKI mice. Moreover, non-target metabolomics revealed that HDD significantly restored 165 altered metabolites in AKI mice. Subsequent enrichment analysis and pathway analysis of these metabolites indicated that nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism was the primary pathway affected by HDD intervention. Further investigation showed that HDD could upregulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis-related enzymes quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase to replenish NAD+ content in the kidney of AKI mice. Conclusion: In summary, HDD exerted a protective effect against cisplatin-induced AKI and suppressed apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the kidney of AKI mice, which may be attributed to the modulation of NAD+ biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwen Gao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Huang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruyu Deng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Peng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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