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Hernandez Torres LD, Rezende F, Peschke E, Will O, Hövener JB, Spiecker F, Özorhan Ü, Lampe J, Stölting I, Aherrahrou Z, Künne C, Kusche-Vihrog K, Matschl U, Hille S, Brandes RP, Schwaninger M, Müller OJ, Raasch W. Incidence of microvascular dysfunction is increased in hyperlipidemic mice, reducing cerebral blood flow and impairing remote memory. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1338458. [PMID: 38469142 PMCID: PMC10925718 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of cognitive dysfunction is not necessarily associated with diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that cognitive dysfunction might require additional vascular damage, for example, in atherosclerotic mice. Methods We induced atherosclerosis in male C57BL/6N mice by injecting AAV-PCSK9DY (2x1011 VG) and feeding them a cholesterol-rich Western diet. After 3 months, mice were examined for cognition using Barnes maze procedure and for cerebral blood flow. Cerebral vascular morphology was examined by immunehistology. Results In AAV-PCSK9DY-treated mice, plaque burden, plasma cholesterol, and triglycerides are elevated. RNAseq analyses followed by KEGG annotation show increased expression of genes linked to inflammatory processes in the aortas of these mice. In AAV-PCSK9DY-treated mice learning was delayed and long-term memory impaired. Blood flow was reduced in the cingulate cortex (-17%), caudate putamen (-15%), and hippocampus (-10%). Immunohistological studies also show an increased incidence of string vessels and pericytes (CD31/Col IV staining) in the hippocampus accompanied by patchy blood-brain barrier leaks (IgG staining) and increased macrophage infiltrations (CD68 staining). Discussion We conclude that the hyperlipidemic PCSK9DY mouse model can serve as an appropriate approach to induce microvascular dysfunction that leads to reduced blood flow in the hippocampus, which could explain the cognitive dysfunction in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Eva Peschke
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Spiecker
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ümit Özorhan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ines Stölting
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University Lübeck; University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Künne
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Physiology, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Urte Matschl
- Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hille
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- CBBM (Centre for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Raasch
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- CBBM (Centre for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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2
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Pfaller AM, Kaplan L, Carido M, Grassmann F, Díaz-Lezama N, Ghaseminejad F, Wunderlich KA, Glänzer S, Bludau O, Pannicke T, Weber BHF, Koch SF, Bonev B, Hauck SM, Grosche A. The glucocorticoid receptor as a master regulator of the Müller cell response to diabetic conditions in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 38273366 PMCID: PMC10809506 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered a primarily microvascular complication of diabetes. Müller glia cells are at the centre of the retinal neurovascular unit and play a critical role in DR. We therefore investigated Müller cell-specific signalling pathways that are altered in DR to identify novel targets for gene therapy. Using a multi-omics approach on purified Müller cells from diabetic db/db mice, we found the mRNA and protein expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to be significantly decreased, while its target gene cluster was down-regulated. Further, oPOSSUM TF analysis and ATAC- sequencing identified the GR as a master regulator of Müller cell response to diabetic conditions. Cortisol not only increased GR phosphorylation. It also induced changes in the expression of known GR target genes in retinal explants. Finally, retinal functionality was improved by AAV-mediated overexpression of GR in Müller cells. Our study demonstrates an important role of the glial GR in DR and implies that therapeutic approaches targeting this signalling pathway should be aimed at increasing GR expression rather than the addition of more ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pfaller
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Madalena Carido
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Farhad Ghaseminejad
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah Glänzer
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Bludau
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne F Koch
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Boyan Bonev
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Forini F, Nicolini G, Amato R, Balzan S, Saba A, Bertolini A, Andreucci E, Marracci S, Melecchi A, Terlizzi D, Zucchi R, Iervasi G, Lulli M, Casini G. Local modulation of thyroid hormone signaling in the retina affects the development of diabetic retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166892. [PMID: 37758065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) dyshomeostasis is associated with poor prognosis in acute and prolonged illness, but its role in diabetic retinopathy (DR) has never been investigated. Here, we characterized the TH system in the retinas of db/db mice and highlighted regulatory processes in MIO-M1 cells. In the db/db retinas, typical functional traits and molecular signatures of DR were paralleled by a tissue-restricted reduction of TH levels. A local condition of low T3 (LT3S) was also demonstrated, which was likely to be induced by deiodinase 3 (DIO3) upregulation, and by decreased expression of DIO2 and of TH receptors. Concurrently, T3-responsive genes, including mitochondrial markers and microRNAs (miR-133-3p, 338-3p and 29c-3p), were downregulated. In MIO-M1 cells, a feedback regulatory circuit was evidenced whereby miR-133-3p triggered the post-transcriptional repression of DIO3 in a T3-dependent manner, while high glucose (HG) led to DIO3 upregulation through a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway. Finally, an in vitro simulated condition of early LT3S and hyperglycemia correlated with reduced markers of both mitochondrial function and stress response, which was reverted by T3 replacement. Together, the data suggest that, in the early phases of DR, a DIO3-driven LT3S may be protective against retinal stress, while, in the chronic phase, it not only fails to limit HG-induced damage, but also increases cell vulnerability likely due to persistent mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Forini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvana Balzan
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing (CISUP), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bertolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elena Andreucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | - Domiziana Terlizzi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing (CISUP), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Sadikan MZ, Abdul Nasir NA, Lambuk L, Mohamud R, Reshidan NH, Low E, Singar SA, Mohmad Sabere AS, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R. Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:421. [PMID: 37858128 PMCID: PMC10588156 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher incidence of DM globally, more DR cases are expected to be seen in the future. In order to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanism of DR in humans and discover potential novel substances for the treatment of DR, investigations are typically conducted using various experimental models. Among the experimental models, in vivo models have contributed significantly to understanding DR pathogenesis. There are several types of in vivo models for DR research, which include chemical-induced, surgical-induced, diet-induced, and genetic models. Similarly, for the in vitro models, there are several cell types that are utilised in DR research, such as retinal endothelial cells, Müller cells, and glial cells. With the advancement of DR research, it is essential to have a comprehensive update on the various experimental models utilised to mimic DR environment. This review provides the update on the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models used in DR research, focusing on their features, advantages, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Bukit Baru, 75150, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lidawani Lambuk
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayah Reshidan
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Evon Low
- Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Saiful Anuar Singar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, 32306, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Bioinformatics, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq. 1, 400131 , Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Suzuki T, Sato T, Masuhara K, Tokusanai M, Akatsuka H, Kashikawa T, Suzuki Y. Trapa Bispinosa Roxb. Inhibits the Insulin-Dependent AKT/WNK1 Pathway to Induce Autophagy in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3095-3104. [PMID: 37818405 PMCID: PMC10561618 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s430132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the antiglycation activity of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. extract (TBE) and the related mechanism using a mouse model with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods We prepared control mice by giving them a normal diet, leptin-deficient ob/ob mouse (ob/ob mice) with a normal diet (normal ob/ob mice), and ob/ob mice with a diet containing TBE (TBE ob/ob mice). The effect of TBE on diabetic retina was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Results In both groups with ob/ob mice, body weight and hyperglycemia levels increased over time. Immunohistochemical staining analysis revealed that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) expression levels were higher in normal ob/ob mice than in control mice, and lower in the TBE ob/ob mice than in normal ob/ob mice. Light chain-3 (LC-3) expression levels reduced in normal ob/ob mice compared to the control mice, but increased in TBE ob/ob mice compared to normal ob/ob mice. In the qPCR analysis, LC-3 expression levels were significantly lower in normal ob/ob mice compared to control mice, and significantly higher in TBE ob/ob mice compared to normal ob/ob mice. Conversely, AKT1 and with-no-lysine kinases 1 (WNK1) expression levels were significantly higher in normal ob/ob mice compared to control mice, and significantly lower in TBE ob/ob mice than in normal ob/ob mice. Conclusion In type 2 diabetes, it was suggested that TBE inhibits the insulin-dependent AKT/WNK1 pathway to induce autophagy, and thereby might promote anti-glycation and reduce retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehito Sato
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaori Masuhara
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tokusanai
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisako Akatsuka
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kashikawa
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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